Chemistry Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Kakamega Evaluation Mock Exams 2022

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QUESTIONS

  1. Ammonia burns in air in the presence of a catalyst according to the equation below :
    4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)⇌ 4NO(g) +6H2O(g)
    1. Given that increase in temperature raises the amount of ammonia .State whether the left-right reaction is exothermic or endothermic .Give a reason.(2mks) 
    2. How will increase in pressure affect the yield of nitrogen (II) oxide? (1mk)
  2. 0.98g of zinc and 100cm3 of 0.2M hydrochloric acid were reacted .
    1. Show that zinc metal was in excess. (2mks)
    2. Calculate the volume of hydrogen that was liberated at s.t.p (Zn =65.4,MGV=22400cm3)(1mk)
  3. The general formula for a homologous series of organic compound is CnH2n+1OH ,name and draw the structural formula of the third member of this series
    1. Name (1mk)
    2. Structural formula (1mk)
    3. Write an equation for the complete combustion of third member of the series (1mk)
  4. The following are electrode potential of two half cells.(the letters do not represent actual symbols of the elements)
    Half cell        Eθ(V)
    M2+/M(s)      -0.76
    C2+/C (s)    +0.34
    1. Calculate the potential difference of the following cell:
      M(s)/M2+(aq)//C2+(aq)/C(s) (1mk)
    2. Draw a cell diagram for the cell in (a) above (3mks)
  5. 50g of crystals of salt W were added to 80cm3 of water at 25ºC. after stirring 10g of the crystals of salt W were filtered out. Determine the solubility of salt W at 25ºC (density of water =1g/cm3) (3mks)
  6. Elements F and G react forming a compound H. The compound has the following properties :
    1. It does not conduct electricity in solid state.
    2. It has low melting and boiling points.
      1. State weather the elements are metals or non-metals (1mk)
      2. What type of structure does compound H have ? (1mk)
      3. Name the bond formed between F and G. (1mk)
  7.        
    1. Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion (1mk)
    2. The half life of 23592U is 4500 years.
      1. The isotope decays by alpha emissions, Write a nuclear equation for its decay for thorium (Th). (1mk)
      2. Work out the fraction of radioactive material that would be remaining after 18000 years (3mks)
  8. The diagram below represents a set-up that was used to react iron with steam. Study it and answer the equations that follow.
    1
    1. Write an equation for the reaction that takes place. (1mk)
    2. Why would it not be advisable to use potassium in place of iron in the above set –up?(1mk)
    3. The glass wool is heated prior to heating of iron. Explain. (1mk)
  9. In an experiment , sulphur (IV) oxide was bubbled into water followed by chlorine gas. The resulting solution gave a white precipitate when mixed with acidified barium chloride solution .
    1. Explain this observation . (2mks)
    2. Write an ionic equation for the formation of the white precipitate . (1mk)
  10. Elements X3+ and Y- have atomic numbers 13 and 8 respectively :
    1. Write down the electron arrangement of elements X and Y. (1mks)
    2. Write the formula of the compound formed between element X and Y (1mk)
  11. Corn oil can be converted into solid fat as shown by the equation below.
    Corn oil reagent Y solid fat
    1. Name the process shown above by the equation. (1mk)
    2. What is the importance of this process (1mk)
    3. Name reagent Y (1mk)
  12. The set up below was used to investigate electrical conductivity of lead (II) iodide .study it and answer the questions that follow.
    2
    1. Label the anode (1mk)
    2. State one omission on the set up above (1mk) 
    3. If the omission is corrected, Write an equation at the cathode. (1mk)
  13. A student was provided with copper turnings and concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid. Draw a set- up that the student would use to prepare and collect a dry sample of sulphur (IV) oxide gas. (3mks)
  14. Copper is extracted from its ores by a process of froth floatation and then roasted in air to produce copper (I) oxide.
    1. What is froth floatation (1mk)
    2. Write an equation for roasting of the ore in air (1mk)
    3. Name one impurity in the ore and how it is removed. (1mk) 
  15. Dry ammonia gas was passed over hot copper (II) oxide as shown below.
    3
    1. State the property of ammonia being investigated above . ( ½ mk)
    2. Write an equation for the reaction that took place (1mk)
    3. Name one other gas that would be used in place of ammonia gas. (1mk)
  16. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the equation given below.
    H2O2(l) → H2O(l)+1/2O2(g); ΔH =-98KJ/mol
    If 6.8 g of hydrogen peroxide contained in 75cm3 of solution with water were completely decomposed, determine the rise in temperature due to the reaction. (3mks)
    (specific heat capacity of water =4.2Jg-1K-1,density =1g/cm3,O=16.0, H=1.0)
  17. The figure below shows a Bunsen burner flame.
    4
    1. Describe how this type of flame is produced. (1mk) 
    2. Which part on the diagram is the hottest part of the flame. ( ½ mk)
    3. Name the gas produced by a burning candle that is non-pollutant. (1mk)
  18. A mixture of 5.0 g of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate was heated until there was no further change in mass .the loss in mass was 0.31 g. calculate the percentage by mass of sodium hydrogen carbonate in the mixture. (3mks)
    (Na=23.0, H=1.0, C=12.0, O=16.0). (Assume loss in mass is due to loss of carbon (IV) oxide)
  19. In the manufacture of sodium carbonate by Solvay process, ammonical brine trickles down the carbonator while carbon (IV) oxide rises up the same tower.
    1. What is ammonical brine. (1mk)
    2. Write two equations taking place in the carbonator. (2mks)
  20. An atom of an element W has atomic radius of 0.099 nm and ionic radius of 0.181 nm.
    1. State whether W is a metal or a non- metal. (1mk) 
    2. Explain the difference in atomic and ionic radius. (2mks)
  21. The figure below shows a set up used by form 3 students to compare the rates of diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas.
    5
    Given that ammonia travels through a distance of 30cm in 1 ½minutes.
    1. Calculate the distance through which hydrogen chloride travels within same time.(3mks)
    2. Write an equation to show how the white solid is formed. (1mk)
  22. Given that 3.52 g of carbon (IV) oxide and 1.40 g of water are produced when a mass of a hydrocarbon is completely burnt in oxygen , determine the formula of the hydrocarbon.
    (H=1, C=12, O=16) (3mks)
  23. 10cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon were mixed with 30cm3 of oxygen gas and the mixture exploded . After the mixture had cooled to room temperature, 20cm3 of gas remained. After shaking this gas with sodium hydroxide solution its volume was reduced to 10cm3.The remaining gas rekindled a glowing splint.
    Determine the formula of the hydrocarbon. (3mks)
  24. The diagram below shows a method used by a student to determine the boiling point of ethanol. After setting the apparatus as shown below he inserted a thermometer into the ethanol.
    6
    1. Give a reason why it is not a safe method. (1mk)
    2. Suggest a better method. (1mk)
    3. What will happen to the boiling point of ethanol if crystals of benzoic acid were first dissolved in it? (1mk)
  25. A form two student in an attempt to stop rusting she put copper and magnesium in contact as shown.
    7
    1. State whether rusting occurred in each set-up after one week if the set-ups were left outside. (1mk)
    2. Explain your answer in (a) above. (2mks)
  26. The table below describes the properties of an acid,alkali and a salt solution.
    1. Complete the table. (2 ½ mk)
      solution Colour with universal indicator solution Approximate pH Ions present
      Sodium hydroxide blue   Na+,OH-
      Hydrochloric acid red    
      Sodium sulphate   7  
    2. Name two solutions which when mixed together form a solution of sodium sulphate.(1mk)
  27. Complete the following equation.
    8
    Name the reaction above. (½ mk)


MARKING SCHEME

  1.        
    1. Exothermic ;since increase in temperature favours the right-left/backward reaction ,then decrease in temperature favours the left-right equation meaning it is exothermic
    2. The yield would be lower
  2.    
    1. Moles of zinc reacted = 0.98/65.4= 0.015
      Moles of zinc needed = ½ moles of acid
      = ½ x 100/1000 x 0.2 = 0.0100moles ;zinc was in excess
    2. Moles of H2(g) liberated = ½ moles of acid =0.01
      1 mole of H2(g) occupies 22.4ltr
      Therefore, 0.01 moles would occupy;
      0.01 x 22400cm3 = 224cm3
  3.      
    1. Propanol reject the formular
    2.    
      9
    3. 2C3H8O(l) + 9O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 8H2O(l) award zero if not balanced.
  4.      
    1. M(s)/M2+(aq)//C2+(aq)/C(s) (1mk)
      Emf = Eθ reduced – Eθ oxidised
      =+0.34-(-0.76V)
      =+1.10V
    2.    
      10
  5. Mass dissolved =(50-10)=40g
    Mass of water (density x volume)= 80cm3 x 1g/cm3 =80g
    80g of water dissolves in 40grams ;100g of water will dissolve?
    100/80 x 40 = 50g/100g of water
  6.        
    1. They are non metal/ non-metalic
    2. Simple molecular
    3. Covalent bond
  7.      
    1. Nuclear fission involves splitting of heavy nuclide when hit by fast moving neutrons to release energy and radiations.
      Nuclear fusion involves combining of light nuclides with release of energy and radiations.
      Award separately
    2.      
      1. 23592U → 23190Th + 42He
      2. 1 4500 → ½ 9000 → ¼ 13500 → 1/8 18000 1/16
  8.        
    1. 3Fe(s) + 4H20 (g) → Fe304(s) + 4H2(g) award zero if not balanced
    2. Potassium would react with steam explosively .
    3. To expel all the air so that the iron only reacts with steam when heated.
  9.       
    1. SO2 dissolves in water to form SO32- Which is oxidized to SO42- by chlorine which then reacts with barium chloride to form white insoluble barium sulphate.
    2. Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) → BaSO4(s)
  10.      
    1. X- 2.8.2
      Y- 2.7
    2. X2Y3
  11.      
    1. Hydrogenation
    2. Manufacture of margarine
    3. Hydrogen

  12. 11       
    1. Heat
    2. Pb2+(l) + 2e → Pb(s)

  13. 12
    Appropriate apparatus 1mk
    Drying agent 1mk
    Collection method 1/2mk
    Labeling 1/2mk
  14.      
    1. Concentration of an ore
    2. 2CuFeS2(s) + 4O2(g) → Cu2S(s) + 2FeO(s) + 3SO2(g)
    3. Iron (II) oxide; ore is heated together with silica to remove iron oxide as slag (iron (II) silicate)
  15.          
    1. Reducing
    2. 3CuO(s) + 2NH3(g) → 3Cu(s) + N2(g) + 3H2O(l)
      Penalize fully for wrong/no balance
    3. Hydrogen /carbon (II) oxide ;reject formula
  16. Moles of H2O2 = 6.8/34 = 0.2 mole
    1 mole produce 98kJ
    0.2 mole will produce = 98 x 0.2 = 19.6KJ/19600 J
    Heat change =mcΔT
    19600 J= 75 X 4.2 X ΔT
    19600/75x4.2 = 62.2 k
  17.        
    1. By closing the air hole completely.
    2. D
    3. Water vapour (steam)
  18. 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) ;mole ratio:2 : 1
    Moles of CO2 produced =0.31/44 = 7.04 x 10-3
    Moles of NaHCO3 from the mole ratio = 0.00704 x 2 = 0.01408
    Mass of NaHCO3 =0.01408 x 84 =1.18272 g
    % by mass = 1.18272/5 x 100
    = 23.6544%
  19.      
    1. Concentrated Sodium chloride saturated/mixed with ammonia.
    2.      
      1. NH3(g) + NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) →  NH4Cl(aq) NaHCO3(s)
      2. NH4HCO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → NH4Cl(aq) + NaHCO3(s)
  20.    
    1. Non-metal ;the ionic radius is larger than the atomic radius.
    2. Gains an electron to be stable (1) hence repulsion between existing and incoming electrons
  21.    
    1. Rate of HCl  = √molecular mass of NH3
      Rate of NH3     molecular mass of HCl
      Let rate of ammonia be a
      NH3 = 14+3 = 17
      HCl = 35.5 +1 = 36.5
      Rate of NH3 = 30/1.5= 20cm/min
      a217 x (20)2= 186.32
                 36.5
      a = 13.65cm
      rate of HCl = (distance )/time
      13.5 = D/1.5 ; distance = 13.65 x 1.5 = 20.48cm
    2. NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)
  22. CO2 = 12 + 16 + 16 = 44
    Mass of carbon in CO2 = 12/44 x 3.52 = 0.96g
    Moles of carbon = 0.96/12 = 0.08 mole
    Mass of hydrogen in water = 2/18 x 1.40
    0.156/1 = 0.156 mole
    Mole ratio
    C : H
    0.08 : 0.156
    M.R – 1 : 1.95
    1 : 2
    Hence E.F = CH2
  23. Explosion equation CxHy + ( x + y/4)O2 → XCO2 = Y/2H2O
    Volume of O2 produced = x x volume of hydrocarbon bond
    10 = x x 10
    X = 1
    Volume of O2 used = ( x + y/4) volume of hydrogen bond
    20 = ( x + y/4) = 10
    Y = 4
    M.F = CH4
    Alternatively
    CXHY + O2 → CO2 + H2O
    10cm3   20cm3 (30-10)    10cm3
    CXHY + 2O2 → CO2 +2H2O
    CX = C1
    X = 1
    HY = H4
    Y = 4
    M.F CH4
  24.      
    1. Ethanol is flammable and should not be heated directly / on a naked flame.
    2. It should be heated in a water bath; in an air tight boiling tube having a safety outlet tube;
    3. Boiling point would be higher because benzoic acid acts as an impurity and impurities raise boiling points substances.
  25.      
    1. No rusting occurred in set up I while rusting occurred in set up II
    2. In set up I magnesium has a higher affinity for combined oxygen than iron and thus reacted with oxygen at the expense of iron to form magnesium oxide.
      In set up II iron has a higher affinity for combined oxygen than copper and thus reacted with oxygen and water to form hydrated iron (III) oxide (rust).
  26. The table below describes the properties of an acid,alkali and a salt solution.
    solution Colour with universal indicator solution Approximate pH Ions present
    Sodium hydroxide blue 12-14 Na+,OH-
    Hydrochloric acid red 1-2 H+, Cl
    Sodium sulphate Green 7 Na+, SO42-
    Sodium chloride and sulphuric (VI) acid
    Accept any two correct substances;
  27. Oxidation
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