Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Kakamega Evaluation Mock Exams 2022

QUESTIONS
SECTION A:  (30 MARKS) Answer 
ALL questions in this section

1.      
   1. Name three factors that dictate distribution of livestock in Kenya. (1½ mks)
   2. Name a breed of goats that is brown in colour with two white stripes running from the eyes to the nose. (1/2 mks)
2.      
   1. Give two reasons why proper storage of tools is important. (1mk)
   2. Name two tools that are recommended for layout and marking.  (1mk)
3.      
   1. How does a vaccine work?(1mk)
   2. What causes the following conditions in livestock?
      1. Osteomalacia 
      2. Parturient paresis (milk fever)
4. Name four tick borne diseases in livestock. (2mks)
5.      
   1. What is the  function  of  esophageal groove in a ruminant (1mk)
   2. List two methods of ration computation.  (2mks)
6. State four advantages of using contemporary comparison as a method of selection in livestock.(2mks)
7.        
   1. What is a notifiable disease?  (1/2mks)
   2. List three examples of notifiable diseases.  (1½mks)
8. Give four causes of high mortality in Piglets. (2mks)
9.      
   1. State two disadvantages of using metal frames in construction of farm building.   (1mk)
   2. List any two wood preservatives (1mk)
10.      
    1. State  four factors to consider when selecting eggs for incubation. (2mks)
    2. State four functions of the egg shell.  (2mks)
11.      
    1. State four qualities of  colostrum which make it suitable for feeding newly born calf. (2mks)
    2. What is dry cow  therapy? (1mk)
12.      
    1. State four field conditions under which a disc plough is preferred instead of mouldboard plough.(2mks)
    2. Name four implements that are operated by the power take off (P.T.O) shaft.(2mks)

SECTION B (20 MARKS) 
Answer ALL questions in this section

13. The diagram below shows an auger bit.  Use it to answer questions that follow:
    
    
    1. Name the part labelled X and Y.(2mks)
    2. Give the function of the part labelled N. (1mk)
    3. List two other bits other than the one shown above.(2mks)
14. The diagram below shows the digestive system in poultry.  Use it to answer the following questions.
    
    
    1. Name the parts labelled E and H. (2mks)
    2. Give the function of part F.  (1mk)
    3. State two ways in which the part labelled G is adapted to its function.(2mks)
15. The diagram below shows a routine practice being carried out on an animal.  Study it and answer the questions that follow.
    
    
    1. Identify the practice. (1mk)
    2. Name the structure in which the practice is being carried out.  (1mk)
    3. State three advantages of using the above structure instead of plunge dip. (3mks)
16. Study the picture of the system of  rearing poultry and use it to answer questions that follow:
    
    
    1. Identify the system of poultry rearing shown above. (1mk)
    2. Name two other systems of rearing poultry apart from the one shown above. (2mks)
    3. State two advantages of using the above system. (2mks)

SECTION C (40 MARKS)
Answer ANY TWO questions from this section

17.      
    1. Describe gumboro disease under the  following sub-headings
       1. Animals  affected (1mk)
       2. Causal organism (1mk)
       3. Incubation (1mk)
       4. Symptoms of  attack (5mks)
       5. Control (2mks)
    2. Describe five characteristic of Romney marsh dual purpose sheep. (5mks)
    3. State five functions of the lubrication system.(5mks)
18.    
    1. Describe how natural incubation is carried out and managed. (8mks)
    2. Explain seven mechanical methods of controlling ticks.  (7mks)
    3. State five advantages of embryo transplant.  (5mks)
19.    
    1. Describe the procedure of training a calf for bucket feeding. (7mks)
    2. Describe Eight measures to be observed when handling bees.  (8mks)
    3. State five signs of ill-health observed on the animal’s skin and coat.  (5mks).

MARKING SCHEME

1.      
   1.    
      • Hair/body cover
      • Climate conditions
      • Place of  origin
   2. Breed of Goat - Toggenburg
2. Reasons for proper storage of tools
   • To safeguard those who work in the workshop from getting hurt.
   • To prevent theft/loss
   • To protect them from weather elements
3.      
   1. How vaccine  works:
      When an animal is injected with a vaccine, it stimulates the production of antibodies by the white blood cells.  These antibodies neutralizes the effects of the invading disease –causing organisms.
   2. Causes of:
      1. Osteomalacia   - lack of phosphorus
      2. Parturient paresis (milk fever) - lack of calcium.
4. Tick borne diseases
   • East coast fever (ECF/Spiro chastises)
   • Heart Water
   • Red water (Babesiosis)
   • Anaplasmosis (Gall-sickness)
   • Tick bite fever. 4x1/2  = 2 mks
5.    
   1. Functions of  esophageal groove
      • Allows food into the rumen when it is swallowed the first time:
      • It allows food into the reticulum during second swallowing. 
   2. Methods of ration computation
      • Trial and error method
      • Pearson’s square method
6. Advantages of contemporary comparison method
   • Enables to compare animals of different age groups since heifer locations are used.
   • Eliminates differences brought about by environment since average performance of the herd is  used.
   • It is possible to make direct comparison of bulls at different Artificial insemination centres since the environmental differences are removed.
   • It is accurate – can only be used accurately in large herds of animals.
7.      
   1. Notifiable disease -  Is an infectious disease which once noticed must be reported to Government authorities for the purpose of taking action. 1x1 = 1 mk
   2. Examples of notifiable diseases:-
      • Foot and mouth disease
      • Rinderpest
      • Anthrax
      • Rift valley fever
      • New castle
      • Avian flu in poultry
      • Rabbies 3x1/2  = (1 ½ mk)
8. Causes of high mortality in Piglets
   • Overlying by mother
   • Lack of breathing due to failure to remove mucus around nostrils at birth
   • Infection leading to scouring
   • Chilling effects
   • Lack of enough colostrum after they are born
9.      
   1. Disadvantages of  using metal frames:
      • It is heavy to transport
      • It is expensive
      • Requires skill to construct/fit. 2x1/2 = 1mk
   2. Wood preservatives:-
      • Creosote -          Sodium dichromate
      • Old engine oil -          Arsenic Pentoxide
      • Paint/Tar -          Pentachlorophenol
      • Copper sulphate -          Triputyl tin oxide
        Reject- oil celene;
10.      
    1. Factors for selecting eggs for incubation:
       • Should be fertilized
       • Medium in size/57gms
       • Have smooth shell
       • Should be clean to ensure shell pores are open
       • Should not be cracked
       • Have good candling qualities/lack blood spot, meat spot, double yolks
       • Should not be 10 days old.
       • Stored in well ventilated room at low temperatures (below 15ºC)
    2. Functions of egg shell:
       • It is porous to allow for Gaseous exchange
       • Protects internal egg contents
       • Gives the egg it’s shape
       • Prevent entry of micro-organisms
11.      
    1. Qualities of colostrum
       • Highly nutritious i.e. rich in vitamins, proteins and mineral salts.
       • It is   easily digestible.
       • Contains antibodies which pass immunity from mother to calf.
       • Has laxative effect which clears the first faeces (dung) from calf’s digestive system.
       • Is highly palatable;
    2. Dry cow therapy – Is the administration of antibiotics in the teats of an in-calf cow in its late gestation period to kill mastitis bacteria.
12.      
    1. Field  conditions under which disc plough is  preferred to mould board plough.
       • If the ground  is hard.
       • If there are many obstacles in the field
       • If the soil is sticky and heavy
       • If there is little organic matter to be turned into the soil.
       • Where a rougher seed bed is required/
       • Where land is liable to erosion
    2. P.T.O. operated implements
       • Reciprocating mowers
       • Rotavators
       • Sprayers
       • Maize Shellers
       • Rotary cultivators 
13.         
    1. X:   Tang (1mk)
       Y:   Shank (1mk)
    2. Function of N
       Carries chips out of the hole twist. 
    3. Other types of bits:
       • Expansive bit
       • Countersink bit
14.      
    1. E  -  crop
       F – Caecum
    2. Function of F.  production of enzyme pepsin.
       Mixing food with pepsi
    3. Adaptations of  G
       • Equiped with tough muscles on either sides that cause sliding movements that cause crushing or grinding of food particles.
       • Presence of grit (sand) increase the grinding of food particles
15.      
    1. Practice is   - spraying/control of external parasites
    2. Spray race;     reject spraying race
    3. Advantages of  using above structure instead of plunge dip.
       • Suitable  for pregnant and sick animals
       • Acaricide is not wasted since is recycled in the process.
       • Animals cannot swallow the acaricide wash.
       • Spraying is  faster
       • Less labour is required. 3x1 = 3 mks
16.      
    1. Battery cage system
       Reject battery system 
    2. Other systems
       • Deep Litter system
       • Free range system
       • Fold/ark system 
    3. Advantages of using this system
       • High stocking rate due to utilization of whole space in the house.
       • Easy keeping of individual bird records.
       • High performance of birds due to reduced movements of birds.
       • Vices like egg easting and cannibalism are rare
       • Clean eggs  production since they roll into trays
       • Minimal broodiness among birds as they don’t reach the eggs.
17.      
    1. Gumboro Disease
       1.  Animals affected
          • Chicken
          • Turkeys
          • Pigeons
          • Ducks
          • (Poultry) 1x1 = 1mk
       2. Causal  organism
          Virus/Birna virus
       3. Incubation:
          2-3 days 1x1 = 1mk
       4. Symptoms of attack:-
          • Glands above vent (Bursa) swells.
          • Decrease in egg production
          • Respiratory distress
          • Loss of appetite/aneroxia
          • Birds show low water intake
          • High mortality rate in hot and humid conditions.
          •  Birds become more susceptible to other diseases.
          • Soiled rents and feathers
          • Inflammation of cloaca
          • Un coordinated body system 5x1 = 5 mks
       5. Control
          Vaccination e.g. PG B98
          Provide vitamins especially B12
          Good hygiene.
    2. Characteristics of Romney Marsh Sheep
       • Wide head and poll well covered with wool.
       • Wide chest
       • Short legs
       •  Black hooves
       • Straight back
       • Produce wool of medium length weighing 3: 6-4.1Kg
       • Rams weight 102 to 103 Kg
    3. Functions of lubrication system
       • Minimises wear on moving surface is reduce friction.
       • Minimises power loss due to friction
       • Cools the engine by conducting excess heat away.
       • Acts as cleaning agent.
       • Presents rusting 
18.      
    1. Natural Incubation in Poultry
       • Provide the broody hen with a nesting box which should be specious to allow
         Movement of the hen.
       • Provide nesting materials in the resting box to maintain warmth.
       • Provide the broody hen with 10-15 eggs.
       • Keep the nest in a dry; well-ventilated area.
       • Dust the hen with appropriate insecticides to control external parasites.
       • Provide the hen with balanced food and water.
       • Allow the hen to go out atleast once to exercise and feed:
       • Do not disturb the hen when eggs start to hatch
    2. Mechanical methods of controlling ticks
       • Burning the infected pastures destroys large nymphs by eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults.
       • Ploughing pasture land to expose the eggs to sun heat for desiccation or burrying the  deeply
       • Double fencing off the pasture and farm to break `the developmental stages.
       • Rotational grazing to starve ticks to death.
       • Hand picking and killing them (de-ticking).
       • Interfering with attending the ticks’ environment re-stricting development –must explain.
    3. Advantages of embryo Transplant
       • It is possible to implant embryo from high quality female to less valuable female thus improves performance of the off springs.
       • Stimulates milk production in a female that was not ready to produce milk.
       • A highly productive female can be spread over a large area to benefit many farmers.
       • It is easier to transport embryos in test tubes than whole animal.
       • Embryos are stored for long periods awaiting availability of a recipient female.
19.        
    1. Procedure of Training a calf for bucket feeding.
       • Put milk in a clean bucket
       • Push calf backwards to the corner of the calf pen.
       • Wash your hands using clean water mixed with disinfectant
       • Holding the bucket with the left hand, dip two or three fingers of the right hand into the milk and then place the fingers into the mouth of the calf to suckle.  Do it repeated.
       • Slowly guide the calf into the milk bucket by lowering fingers into the bucket while the calf still sucks the fingers.
       • Ensure the calf’s head is slightly raised.
       • This allows it to suck readily.  It is important that bucket is raised of the ground for the first few training sessions.
       • After about three feedings lessons, calf will have learnt to drink from the bucket.
    2. Measures to be observed when handling bees;
       • Bees should be frightened because they bite when wild.
       • Bee hives should be approached from behind not front.
       • A smoker must be properly used
       • Bees should not be crushed during handling to avoid making whole colony Excited.
         • Movement towards the lire should be quietly to avoid alerting them.
         • If a sting, bee keeper should not run away or throw the combs down.
         • A bee sting should be rubbed instead a sharp nail or a razor blade should be used to scrape it off.
         • Always wear protective clothing when handling bees.
    3. Signs of ill-health observation in the skin and coat of  livestock.
       • Starring/rough coat
       • Loss of hair
       • Abnormal out growths/swellings on skin
       • Eruptions and boils
       • Presence of parasites or under the skin.
       • Dry skin/hairs
       • Excessive sweating