- This paper consists of two sections A and B.
- Answer all the questions in section A.
- Answer question six and any other two questions from section B
SECTION A
Answer all questions in section A
-
- What is the relationship between geography and mathematics. (2mks)
- State two reasons why it is important to study geography. (2mks)
-
- What is a line of longitude? (2 marks)
- What is the local time of Alexandria 30°E when the local time at Malindi 40°E is 12.00 noon? (2 marks)
-
- State three causes of earth movement (3 marks)
- Name two main earthquake zones in the world (2 marks)
-
- Name three features found on emerged highland coast (3 marks)
- State three conditions necessary for the formation of a spit (3 marks)
-
- Highlight any three factors that necessitate the occurrence of an artesian basin (3 marks)
- Apart from lakes, rivers and sea, name any other two sources of underground water (3 marks)
SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.
- Study the map of NYERI 1:50,000(sheet 120/4) provided and answer the following questions.
-
- What is the title of the map extract (1 mk)
- Name two districts covered by the map extract (2 mks)
- Give three physical features found in grid square 5085 (3 mks)
-
- Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2mks)
- What is the magnetic declination shown on the map? (2mks)
-
- What is the altitude at the peak of Nyeri hill? (2mks)
- Give three methods used to represent relief on the map. (3mks)\
- Measure the length of the dry weather road (Naivasha road) from Tusha welfare centre junction school to the edge of the map towards North Kinangop and Naivasha in kilometres (2mks)
- Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (5mks)
- Citing evidence from the map, identify three social services offered in Mweiga municipality (3mks)
-
-
-
- Name three types of faults (3mks)
- Apart from compressional forces, explain two other processes that may cause faulting (4mks)
-
- With the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe how a rift valley is formed by compressional forces (6mks
- Explain three ways in which faulting may influence drainage system (6mks
- Explain three ways in which faulting is of significance to human activities (6mks)
-
-
-
- What is micro-climate? (2mks)
- State two negative effect of desertification (2mks)
- Draw a sketch map Africa and indicate the ocean currents.
- Benguela, Guinea, Agulhas/ Mozambique (4mks)
- State two effects of Benguela Current on the adjacent coastlands (2mks)
- Describe the characteristics of the Equatorial type of climate (8mks)
- Explain how the following factors influence climate:
- Altitude (4mks)
- Distance from the sea (3mks)
-
-
-
- Differentiate between a watershed and a drainage basin (2 marks)
- State three processes of river erosion (3 marks)
-
- Give three ways in which river transport its load (3 marks)
- State four factors which influence river deposition (4 marks)
- Give three characteristics of a river in its middle stage (3 marks)
-
- Name two features produced by river rejuvenation. (2 marks)
- Describe how river capture occur. (4 marks)
- Explain two positive effects of rivers to the human environment (4 marks)
-
-
-
- What is an ice sheet? (2 marks)
- Give two reasons why there are no ice sheets in Kenya (2 marks)
- Explain three factors that influence the movement of ice from the place of accumulation (6 marks)
- Describe how an arête is formed (4 marks)
- The diagram below shows types of moraines in a valley glacier
- Name the type of moraines marked S, T and V (3 marks)
- Explain four positive effects of glaciations in lowland areas (8 marks)
-
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
-
- What is the relationship between geography and mathematics (2 mks)
- Mathematics principals / formulae are used in Geography to calculate distance /area/population.
- Geography information can be analysed / presented accurately through the application of mathematics technique.
- Geographical concepts are applied in calculating direction / bearing in mathematics.
- State four reasons why it is important to study Geography (2mks)
- It enables learners to understand / appreciate different environmental influences.
- It encourages international awareness / co-operation
- It helps learners to develop important social values.
- It promotes positive attitudes towards protection of resources.
- It leads to development of career opportunities.
- It help learners to manage time properly.
- It enables learners to explain the origin and function of the earth and land forms
- What is the relationship between geography and mathematics (2 mks)
-
- What is a line of longitude
- Is a line based on angular distance of a place east or west of prime meridian (00 longitude).
Or - An imaginary line drawn on a map from North pole to South Pole and is measured in degrees east or west of the prime meridian. (0 degree) (1×2= 2 marks)
- Is a line based on angular distance of a place east or west of prime meridian (00 longitude).
- What is the local time of Alexandria 30°E when the local time at Malindi 40°E is 12.00 noon?
Degree difference 400-300=100
If 10 = 4 min
100 = 4 X 100 = 40 min
10 = 4
Time at Alexandria 12.00 noon –40 min
= 11.20 am (2 marks)
- What is a line of longitude
-
- State three causes of earth movement.
- Istatic adjustment.
- Gravitative preassure.
- Magma movement within the crust.
- Conventional currents in mantle. (3×1= 3 marks
- Name two main earth quake zones in the world.
- The circum pacific belt.
- The mid-atlantic ridge.
- The Mediterranean-Himalayan belt.
- Rift valley. (2×1= 2 marks)
- State three causes of earth movement.
-
- Name three features found on emerged high coast.
- Raised cliffs, raised wave cut platform, raised beaches, raised caves, archs, stacks, stump blow holes, goes (3 marks
- State three conditions necessary for the formation of a spit.
- The waves must carry large amounts of load/ the supply of sand being transported.
- The long shore drift must be weak.
- It must be a shallow shore/ continental shelf.
- Waves must have a strong wash and weak backwash/ constructive waves. (3 marks)
- Name three features found on emerged high coast.
-
- Highlight any three factors that necessitate the occurrence of an artesian basin.
- The aquifer must lie between two permeable rocks.
- The aquifer must outcrop in a region which is a source of water.
- The aquifer must dip from a region of water intake and the rock layer must form a broad syncline or basin.
- The the north of the well must be lower than the intake area.
- Apart from lakes, rivers and seas, name any other two sources of underground water.
- Rain water.
- Melt water.
- Magmatic/ plutonic water. (3 marks)
- Highlight any three factors that necessitate the occurrence of an artesian basin.
SECTION B
- Study the map of NYERI 1:50,000(sheet 120/4) provided and answer the following questions.
-
- What is the title of the map extract (1 mks)
- East Africa 1:50,000 (Kenya)
- Name two districts covered by the map extract (2 mks)
- Nyeri
- Laikipia
- Give three physical features found in grid square 5085 (3 mks)
- River
- River Valley
- Steep slope
- Scrub vegetation
- What is the title of the map extract (1 mks)
-
- Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2mks)
- 36°45’-37°00’
- What is the magnetic declination shown on the map? (2mks)
- 1° 31’
- Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2mks)
-
- What is the altitude at the peak of Nyeri hill? (2mks)
- 2216m
- Give three methods used to represent relief on the map (3mks)
- Trigonometrical station
- Use of contour lines
- Spot-heights
- Measure the length of the dry weather road (Naivasha road) from Tusha welfare centre junction school to the edge of the map towards North Kinangop and Naivasha in kilometres (2mks)
- 10.7km ± 0.1
- What is the altitude at the peak of Nyeri hill? (2mks)
- Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map (5mks)
- There are many permanent rivers
- Rivers chanya and Ambone are the main rivers
- Most rivers flow eastwards
- Aberdare forest is the source of many rivers
- River chanya and its tributaries form dendritic drainage pattern
- There is trellis drainage pattern in grid 7360
- Citing evidence from the map, identify three social services offered in Mweiga municipality (3mks)
- Education -presence of schools
- Administration- Presence of district office.
- Security- police station.
- Water supply- presence of water tank.
-
-
-
- Name three types of faults. (3mks)
- Normal Faults
- Reverse Fault
- Thrust Fault
- Tear. Shear/Slip Fault.
- Anticlinal Fault
- Apart from compressional forces, explain two other process that may cause faulting. (4mks)
- Faulting may be caused by force acting horizontally away from each other which cause tension in the crystal rocks. Due to tensional forces the rocks stretch and fracture causing faults
- Faulting may occur where horizontal forces act parallel to each other in the opposite/ same direction resulting in shearing
- Faulting may also occur due to vertical movement which may exert a strain in the rocks making them to fracture.
- Name three types of faults. (3mks)
- With, the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe how a rift valley is formed by compressional forces. (6mks)
- Compressional forces may push the outer blocks towards each other. The outer blocks ride over the middle block and the middle block sinks/ subsidies/ may remain stable. The sunken middle part forms a depression called a rift valley.
- Explain three ways in which faulting may influence drainage system. (6mks)
- Some rivers may end up flowing along faults lines, thus forming a fault guided drainage pattern .
- Uplifting of land which follows faulting may block a river. This may cause it to reverse / change its direction of flow.
- When faulting occurs across a river valley, it may cause the river to disappear into the ground through a fault line.
- If rift valley occurs in an enclosed area, a basin may be formed. When rivers flow into the basin a lake may be formed. This basin may become an area of inland drainage.
- When faulting occurs across a river valley, vertical displacement of land may occur. The river forms a waterfall where it descends the newly formed escarp.
- Faulting may lead to the formation of escarpments with springs forming at the base due to exposure of the water table.
- With, the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe how a rift valley is formed by compressional forces. (6mks)
- Explain three ways in which faulting is of significance to human activities. (6mks)
- Faulting leads to formation of features that form beautiful scenery which attracts tourists.
- Faulting leads to formation of lakes that are important fishing grounds /tourists sites/ provide water for irrigation / for domestic use.
- Faulting causes displacement of rocks which exposes minerals that are mined.
- Faulting may lead to the formation of mountains /horst which experiences rainfall on the windward side that give rise to rivers which provide water for industrial / domestic/ agricultural use.
- Block mountains formed through faulting lead to formation of relief rainfall on the windward side which favors agriculture/ forestry settlements.
- Faulting may cause subsidence of land which may lead to loss of life /property .
- Faulting creates deep faults which are passage of steam jets which may be utilized for geothermal power production.
- When faulting occurs a ridge it may provide a dip which could form a mountain pass where transport /communication lines can be constructed/may hinder development of transport.
-
-
-
- What is micro-climate? (2mks)
- It is a climate condition in a restricted area due to small differences such as aspects, slopes, vegetation and human land-escapes.
- State two negative effect of desertification. (2mks)
- It leads to shortage of water/destruction of water catchment area.
- Leads to drying up of vegetation.
- Leads to dying up of soils /development of infertile soils.
- Causes migration of people /animals .
- Causes destruction of vegetation.
- What is micro-climate? (2mks)
- Draw a sketch map Africa and indicate the ocean currents.
- Benguela, Guinea, Agulhas/ Mozambique. (4mks)
- State two effects of Benguela Current on the adjacent coastlands. (2mks)
- Cold currents lower the temperatures of the adjacent coastland.
- Cold currents lowers humidity in the adjacent areas.
- It causes fog/mist in the adjacent areas.
- It might cause aridity in the adjacent coastland.
- Benguela, Guinea, Agulhas/ Mozambique. (4mks)
- Describe the characteristics of the Equatorial type of climate. (8mks)
- Temperatures are high/270 C throughout the year.
- It experiences high rainfall /1500-2000mm.
- The rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year.
- Rainfall comes in two seasons /double maximum.
- It experiences high humidity.
- It experiences high evaporation rates.
- Rainfall is mainly convectional.
- Rainfall is mainly in the afternoon.
- Experiences small annual range of temperatures 30c to 40c .
- There is extensive cloud cover.
- Has long hours of sunshine.
- Explain how the following factors influence climate.
- Altitude. (4mks)
- This is the highly above sea level.
- Temp. decreases with increasing height.
- It makes the higher areas to have lower temp. that lower areas.
- A rise in altitude causes a fall in temp. and a cooling effects which causes condensation.
- Precipitation increases on the windward side and lowering of altitude leads to warming effect on the leeward side.
- Altitude causes variation in pressure gradients.
- Altitude causes anabatic and katabatic winds/ subsequent temperature inversion
- Distance from the sea. (3mks)
- Areas closer to the sea are water than those far from the sea due to maritime influence.
- During summer ,land surfaces are warmer than sea surfaces so that inland areas are warmer than those nearer the sea.
- In winter the land surface are colder than the sea bodies hence the land near the sea is cool while away from the sea the land is cold.
- Winds blowing over the sea pick moisture and shed it as rainfall on the coastal areas. They blow as dry winds further inland causing inland aridity.
- Altitude. (4mks)
-
-
-
- Differentiate between a watershed and a drainage basin. (2 marks)
- A watershed is a region where a river starts while a drainage basin is the area drained by a river system.
- State three processes of river erosion. (3 marks)
- Hydraulic action - This is the action caused by the force of moving water.
- Abrasion/Corrasion - Its weaving down of the river channel by the load carried in the water.
- Solution - River water contains weak inorganic acids which react with some rocks to form new minerals which are soluble in water.
- Attrition - This is the process by which the load carried by river water is itself broken down.
- Differentiate between a watershed and a drainage basin. (2 marks)
-
- Give three ways in which river transport its load. (3 marks)
- Through suspension
- Through saltation.
- Through traction.
- Through solution.
- State four factors which influence river deposition. (4 marks)
- obstacles in the stream channel.
- width of the river bed when the river channel become wide, the water spreads out over a wider surface area hence the speed reduces thus deposition .
- When river water freezes the load its carrying is brought to a standstill. When the water flow, the load is deposited.
- When river gradient reduces, velocity is also reduced hence deposition.
- When volume of water reduces, rivers capacity to transport also reduces hence deposition.
- Nature and amount of load. Heavy load is transported over short distances.
- Obstacles in the stream channel.
- Give three characteristics of a river in its middle stage. (3 marks)
- Lateral erosion is more dominant .
- The river has a large volume of water.
- The river valley has a u-shaped valley.
- The concave bank is eroded and undercut steeping it to form river cliffs.
- Deposition start to take place the last middle stage
- Features formed include river meander, river bluffs.
- Give three ways in which river transport its load. (3 marks)
-
-
- Name two features produced by river rejuvenation. (2 marks)
- Knick points
- River terraces.
- Incised meanders.
- Rejuvenation gorges.
- Describe how river capture occur. (4 marks)
- Initially there are two rivers which are adjacent to each other.
- The river with more erosive power due to its volume of water flow over soft rocks.
- The more powerful river erode its valley through head ward erosion.
- The river valley of more powerful river therefore becomes deeper and wider and so the river flows at a lower level than the weaker river.
- The powerful river extend its valley backwards by head ward erosion.
- Eventually it joins the valley of the weaker river.
- The head waters of the weak river start flowing in to the valley of the pivate river.
- Explain two positive effects of rivers to the human environment. (4 marks)
- Provide water for both domestic and industrial purposes / irrigation.
- Some rivers are navigable hence used as transport routes.
- Some rivers are rich fishing grounds.
- Rivers are dammed and their water used for generation of hydroelectric power.
- Some alluvial sediments may contain valuable minerals e.g. gold and diamond.
- Features formed by rivers e.g. waterfall, gorges, meanders, attract tourists who bring in foreign currency.
- Name two features produced by river rejuvenation. (2 marks)
-
-
- What is an ice sheet? (2 marks)
- It is a continuous mass of ice covering a large area / surface.
- Give two reasons why there are no ice sheets in Kenya (2 marks)
- Kenya experience high temperatures under which ice sheets cannot form.
- Most parts of Kenya have low altitudes.
- Kenya is found at low latitudes
- Explain three factors that influence the movement of ice from the place of accumulation (6 marks)
- Gradient of the land - Ice move faster when the slope is steep.
- Temperatures / Seasonal changes - higher temperatures result in to thawing, leading to faster movement of ice.
- Nature of the surface - When the surface on which ice is moving is rough, it causes friction lowering the speed of the movement of ice / smooth surface increase speed of movement of ice.
- Size / thickness of glacier - large masses of ice exert pressure which lead to melting of ice underneath. This increases the speed of ice movement. (3 × 2 = 6 marks)
- What is an ice sheet? (2 marks)
- Describe how an arête is formed (4 marks)
- Two adjacent cracks / hollows exists on a mountain side.
- The two hollow / cracks are filled with ice.
- The ice erodes the sides through plucking and deepens the hollow through abrasion.
- Through erosion, the back walls of the hollows slowly recede.
- Eventually the hollows / cirques are separated by a knife edged ridge .
- The ridge is called an arête (Any 4 × 1 = 4 marks)
- The diagram below shows types of moraines in a valley glacier.
- Name the type of moraines marked S, T and V. (3 marks)
- S - Medial (1 mark)
- T - Lateral (1 mark)
- V - Terminal (1 mark)
- Explain four positive effects of glaciations in lowland area. (8 marks)
- Glacial till provide fertile soils for arable farming.
- Ice sheets in their scouring effect reduce the land surface and depth to expose mineral seams which become easy to extract.
- Outwash plains comprises of sands and gravel which are used as materials for building and construction.
- Lakes formed through glaciation can be exploited for various economic uses such as fishing, transportation or as tourist attraction.
- Glaciated lowlands are generally flat due to erosion and depositions and are ideal for construction of buildings and communication lines. (4 × 2 = 8 marks)
- Name the type of moraines marked S, T and V. (3 marks)
-
Download Geography Paper 1 Questions and Answers - ACK Diocese Mumias Joint Evaluation Mock 2022.
Tap Here to Download for 50/-
Get on WhatsApp for 50/-
Why download?
- ✔ To read offline at any time.
- ✔ To Print at your convenience
- ✔ Share Easily with Friends / Students