Questions
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
- This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
- Answer all questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
- Answers to all questions must be written legibly on the answer sheets provided.
- Answer all questions in English.
SECTION A (25MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.
- Define the term Government (1mark)
- Give two sub-groups of the mijikenda. (2marks)
- State two ways through which Iron working knowledge among the Bantu contributed to their migration. (2marks)
- Give one evidence that show that the Chinese reached the East African coast. (1mark)
- Define the term citizenship. (1marks)
- State one way in which education has promoted national unity in Kenya. (1mark)
- Give one circumstance that can make the Government of Kenya limit the right to own property. (1mark)
- State two reasons why a constitution is important in Kenya. (2marks)
- Identify any two communities that showed mixed reaction towards the British occupation in Kenya. (2marks)
- State the main reason why the local government was established in Kenya during the colonial period. (1mark)
- Give any one group that provided health services in Kenya during colonial period. (2marks)
- State two contributions of President Daniel Arap Moi in education during his reign as a President in Kenya. (2marks)
- Identify one level of government in Kenya. (1mark)
- Give two national philosophies that were introduced at independence in Kenya.(2marks)
- State two ways in which poor leadership affects sporting activities in Kenya. (2marks)
- Define the term devolved government. (1mark)
- Give one parliamentary committee that watches over the use of public funds in Kenya. (1mark)
SECTION B (45MARKS)
Any three questions from this section.
-
- Identify five economic activities of the Akamba in the pre-colonial period (5marks)
- Discuss five effects of the migration and settlement of the Bantu during the pre colonial Period. (10marks)
-
- Give five sources of information about the East African Coast. (5marks)
- Explain five reasons that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the East Africa Coast. (10marks)
-
- State three features of the political parties that were formed in Kenya after 1940. (3marks)
- Explain six roles played by the trade union movement in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (12marks)
-
- Identify five developments that have taken place in Agriculture since independence. (5marks)
- Explain five challenges facing agricultural sector in Kenya since independence.(10marks)
SECTION C (30MARKS)
Any two questions from this section.
- Give three conditions that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by birth. (3marks)
- Explain any six importance of National integration in Kenya. (12marks)
-
- State any five roles of the independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. (5marks)
- Explain any five challenges faced by independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission in Kenya. (10marks)
-
- Identify ways through which the county government raises it’s revenue. (5marks)
- Explain five ways through which the National government manages the use of public funds. (10marks)
Marking Scheme
- Define the term Government (1mark) ∙ It is the study of how people are ruled
- To exercise authority over others
- To rule/control others
Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)
- Give two sub-groups of the mijikenda. (2marks) ∙ Kauma
- Jibana
- Ribe
- Giriama
- Chonyi
- Rabai
- Duruma
- Kambe
- Digo
Any 2 x 1= (2marks)
- State two ways through which Iron working knowledge among the Bantu contributed to their migration. (2marks)
- From iron, they made weapons that they used to conquer their enemies ii. From iron tools were made that were used to clear the way and land for settlement.
Any 2 x 1 = 2marks
- From iron, they made weapons that they used to conquer their enemies ii. From iron tools were made that were used to clear the way and land for settlement.
- Give one evidence that show that the Chinese reached the East African coast. (1mark) i. Remains of the Chinese coins
- Fragments of Chinese pottery
- Information in the periplus of Erythrean sea
Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)
- Define the term citizenship. (1marks) i
- `Legal right of a person to belong to a particular country.
Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)
- `Legal right of a person to belong to a particular country.
- State one way in which education has promoted national unity in Kenya. (1mark)
- Students from different communities mix up in the same schools (National Schools)
- Students go through the same curriculum
- Students sit for National Examinations (KNEC)
- Participating in co -curricular activities e.g sports,drama, music
- Some subjects teach the importance of National unity e.g History and Government, C.R.E.
- Medium of instruction in schools is through English and Kiswahili. They are able to interact hence national unity.
Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)
- Give one circumstance that can make the Government of Kenya limit the right to own property. (1mark)
- When one received it through fraud/corrupt means
- When the government wants to use (public use) e.g construction of a school but compensation must be given.
Any 1 x 1 =(1marks)
- State two reasons why a constitution is important in Kenya. (2marks)
- It is the basis of all Legislations in the country
- It spells out the structure of the government and outlines functions and the powers of each arm.
- It ensures equality of all Kenyans
- It spells out the duties and rights of the citizens of Kenya.
- It spells out the powers of those in authority/government and its relationship to the governed
- It is a symbol of national unity.
Any 2x 1 = (2marks)
- Identify any two communities that showed mixed reaction towards the British occupation in Kenya. (2marks) i. Luo
- Agikuyu
- Akamba
Any 2 x 1=(2marks)
- State the main reason why the local government was established in Kenya during the colonial period. (1mark)
- To link the central government and the local people.
Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)
- To link the central government and the local people.
- Give any one group that provided health services in Kenya during colonial period. (2marks)
- The colonial government
- The missionaries
Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)
- State two contributions of President Daniel Arap Moi in education during his reign as a President in Kenya. (2marks)
- He expanded education at all levels- schools, colleges and universities
- He introduced 8-4-4. System of education
- He encouraged participation in Harambees for educational institutions and programmes
- He introduced school feeding programme/free milk
Any 2 x 1 = (2marks)
- Identify one level of government in Kenya. (1mark)
- National /central
- County
Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)
- Give two national philosophies that were introduced at independence in Kenya.(2marks)
- African socialism
- Harambee
Any 2 x 1 = 2marks
- State two ways in which poor leadership affects sporting activities in Kenya. (2marks)
- Constant wrangling leading to negligence of duty.
- Mismanagement of funds/greed
- Discrimination/favouring teams over others
- Demoralization of sports men and women.
Any 2 x 1 = (2marks)
- Define the term devolved government. (1mark)
- Means delegation of powers and responsibilities from central (National to local county government.
Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)
- Means delegation of powers and responsibilities from central (National to local county government.
- Give one parliamentary committee that watches over the use of public funds in Kenya. (1mark)
- The Public Investment Committee (PIC)
- The Public Accounts Committee (PAC)
Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)
- Identify five economic activities of the Akamba in the pre-colonial period (5marks)
- hunting and gathering
- crop cultivation
- livestock keeping
- fishing
- trade
- crafts- Pottery, basketry,weaving
- bee keeping
- iron working
Any 5 x 1 = (5marks)
- Discuss five effects of the migration and settlement of the Bantu during the pre colonial Period. (10marks)
- There was population increase in the areas where they settled.
- There was increased trade between the Bantu and their neighbours iii. The Bantu intermarried with the neighbouring communities
- Some smaller communities were displaced by the Bantus.
- There was increased warfare between the Bantus and the people they found living in these areas over resources like land.
- There was cultural exchange between the Bantu and the neighbouring communities.
- Some smaller communities were assimilated by the Bantu.
- The Bantus spread Iron working to other communities.
Any 5 x 2 = (10marks)
- Identify five economic activities of the Akamba in the pre-colonial period (5marks)
-
- Give five sources of information about the East African Coast. (5marks)
- Archaeology – Erythrean sea
- Periplus of Chronicles
- Swahili chronicles
- Prolemy Geography
- Christian Topography of Cosmos Indico pleatustes
- Greco - Roman Documentary
- Documents by the Arab merchants e.g Ibn Batuta.
Any 5 x 1 = (5marks)
- Explain five reasons that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the East Africa Coast. (10marks)
- Portugal was a small country. She was not able to supply enough administrators and army soldiers.
- The few Portuguese officials who were at the coast were corrupt/misused money from trade meant for administrate hence inadequate finances.
- Portugal was far – reinforcement did not arrive on time.
- The Portuguese officials were inefficient. They did not have skills in administration
- Constant rebellions from the coastal people also weakened the Portuguese (ruthless rule)
- Tropical diseases e.g malaria attacked the Portuguese /Zimba warriors. vii. Spain invasion of Portugal concentrated more on her internal matters than the East African coast.
- Rivalry by European powers over the control of the East African coast a trade e.g Britain, France.
- Attack from the Oman Arabs leading to the fall of Fort Jesus. This marked the end of the Portuguese rule over the East African.
Any 5x 2 = (10marks)
- Give five sources of information about the East African Coast. (5marks)
-
- State three features of political parties formed in Kenya after 1940. 3mks
- They were national in outlook
- They were very radical/violent
- They demanded for independence
- They had large followings
Any 3x 1 = 3marks
- Explain six roles played by trade unions in the struggle for independence. 12mks
- It kept the spirit of nationalism alive following the ban of political parties in Kenya.
- It secured international support for the cause of nationalism in Kenya.
- It articulated African grievances in the absence of political parties
- It prepared some African nationalists for leadership positions e.g Tom Mboya and Martin Shikuku
- It educated workers on their rights and this made them agitate for political independence.
- It contributed money to political parties to enable them sustain the struggle for independence.
- It organized strikes and boycotts to oppose some policies of colonial government
- It demanded for the release of detainees which boosted the struggle for independence.
- It mobilized /united people to support nationalist struggle.
Any 6 x 2 = (12marks)
- State three features of political parties formed in Kenya after 1940. 3mks
-
- Identify five developments that have taken place in Agriculture in Kenya since independence.
- Creation of the ministry of land and settlement
- Development of large scale farming –land consolidation.
- Development of irrigation schemes- Bura, Ahero
- Establishment of development authorities e.g Athi River, Kerio Valley
- Land reclamation e.g Yala swamp, Lambwe valley
- Land Registration- Issuing of land title deeds
- Creation of settlement schemes
- Soil conservation – tree planting.
Any 5 x 1 = (5marks)
- Explain five challenges facing agricultural sector in Kenya since Independence. 10mks
- Population increase that has strained the available land for agriculture
- Corruption /land grapping by those in leadership positions
- Lack of modern technology like use of farm machinery
- Poor transport and communication network hinders transport of farm produce
- Rural-urban migration creating labour shortage on farms.
- Politically instigated ethnic clashes have discouraged farming due to insecurity
- Drought and famine have affected certain parts of the country calling for relief food
- The unstable prices of agricultural commodities on the local and world market have discouraged farmers
- Pests and diseases destroy the produce of farmers /poor storage
- High costs of farm inputs e.g fertilizers, pesticides
- Overproduction of similar agricultural products hence wastage due to lack of buyers
- Shortage of agricultural extensional officers to advice farmers on how to improve yields
- HIV/AIDS has denied agricultural sector labour
- Competition from COMESA and other developed countries over market
- Corruption and mismanagement of co-operative societies leads to poor earning by farmers.
Any 5x 2 = 10marks
- Identify five developments that have taken place in Agriculture in Kenya since independence.
-
- State three conditions that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by birth. 3mks
- If the father or mother of the person is a Kenyan citizen.
- A child found in Kenya who is /appears to be less than eight years of age and whose nationality and parents are not known
- A former Kenyan citizen who reapplies to regain Kenyan citizenship.
Any 3 x 1 = (3marks)
- Explain six importance of national integration in Kenya. 12mks
- It promotes economic development
- It promotes and enhances patriotism and nationalism.
- It promotes political stability – harmony and co-existence/peace
- It attracts foreign investors
- It upholds cultural values and enhances richness in culture
- It brings unity
- The disadvantaged /minority and assisted.
Any 6 x 2 =(12marks)
- State three conditions that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by birth. 3mks
-
- State any five roles of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. 5mks
- To maintain and revise the voters register to ensure it is upto date
- To prepare, distribute and ensure safety of election materials/polling stations
- To conduct voter education in the country in order to prepare citizens for the voting exercise
- To conduct language proficiency tests for candidates interested in vying for different posts before nomination is carried out.
- To announce and provide a time-table to be followed during election period
- To receive nomination papers from candidates cleared to vie by their political parties.
- To announce the results and declare the winners of the respective seats
- It divides, delimits, names and reviews electoral areas.
Any 5 x 1 = 5marks
- Explain five challenges faced by Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission during elections in Kenya . 10mks
- Corruption among electoral officials/other players compromises fairness of the electoral process
- Election violence during the election period may discourage/turn away potential voters from exercising their democratic right of voting
- Illiteracy of some voters may make them easily misled when voting /exposes them to danger of being misled.
- Incompetent election officials can mismanage the process thereby undermining its effectiveness
- Rigging may interfere with elections where the wrong candidate is declared the winner/right candidate is denied victory.
- Lack/inadequate civic education denies the electorate opportunity to learn about the importance of participating in elections.
- Poor physical infrastructure where some polling stations may be inaccessible and hence denying voters in such areas a chance to vote/poor transport.
- Harassment of voters by supporters of different candidates /parties can prevent voters from voting in certain religious/strongholds/zones.
- Electoral equipment like BVR kits can breakdown during elections thereby slowing down the process.
5x 2 = (10marks)
- State any five roles of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. 5mks
-
- Identify five ways through which the country government in Kenya raises it’s revenue. 5mks
- Equitably shared national revenue
- Own revenue raised by respective counties
- Conditional and unconditional grants from the national government
- Loans from capital and external institutions
- Charges from services offered by the county e.g parking fee
- Property rates on county property
- Tax imposition e.g entertainment tax
- Profits from county investments.
Any 5 x 1 = (5marks)
- Explain five ways through which the National government manages the use of public funds in Kenya. 10mks.
- Ensuring that the beginning of every year a budget is prepared showing the estimate of revenue and the expenditure.
- Parliament passes legislation prescribing how National Government may borrow money.
- The cabinet secretary in charge of finance report to the relevant committee on the use of money, debt and progress of the repayment of loans.
- Parliament passes legislation to ensure expenditure, control, and transparency and ensure implementation of the government programmes.
- Cabinet secretary for finance has powers to stop the transfer of funds to a state organ in event of mismanagement
- The government has established a system of open tendering for procurement and disposal of goods and services.
- The controller of budget supervises on the implementation of the budget and makes a report to parliament after every four months.
- The auditor general audits government ministries and departments and submit report to the parliament.
- The principal secretaries are accountable to the National Assembly for financial management within the ministries.
- The Ethics and Anti – corruption commission investigates and recommends those who mismanage public funds to be prosecuted in the court of law.
- The Public Accounts and Public Investments committees are established by parliament to ensure proper use of public funds.
Any 5x 2 = (10marks)
- Identify five ways through which the country government in Kenya raises it’s revenue. 5mks
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