Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - ACK Diocese Mumias Joint Evaluation Mock 2022

SECTION A [30 MARKS]

1.  
   • Saanen ;
   • Toggenburg ;
   • British alpine ;
   • Anglo-Nubian ;
   • Jamnapari . [2mks.]
2.  
   • Free from disease pathogens ;
   • Free from hair , dirt ,dust ;
   • Good keeping quality ;
   • Good flavor ;
   • Free from adulteration with water ; [2mks.]
3.  
   • Roughage ;
   • Concentrates . [1mk.]
4.  
   • Out crossing ;
   • Cross breeding ;
   • Up grading / grading up . [ 1.5 mks]
5.  
   1. Bacterium/Bacillus anthracis . [0.5mk.]
   2. Virus / Birna virus [0.5 mk.]
6.  
   • Facilitate easy movement ;
   • Control foot rot disease ;
   • Prevent ram from injuring ewe during tupping . [ 1mk.]
7.  
   • Difficulties in breathing ;
   • Beaks remain wide open with strained necks ;
   • Dullness of birds ;
   • Birds stand with eyes closed ;
   • Loss of appetite ;
   • Nasal discharge ;
   • Walking with a staggering motion ;
   • Drooping wings and beaks ;
   • Watery green diarrhea ;
   • Soft shelled eggs .
8.  
   • The population has grown too large and the hive is too small to accommodate all the bees.
     
   • There's not enough room to build more honey stores.
     
   • The temperature is too hot. With higher temperatures, more space is needed for each bee to maintain a cooler temperature.
     
   • The hive does not have proper ventilation and drainage. If the bees cannot ventilate the hive properly, temperatures rise, and they will likely move out of the hive.
     
   • High humidity and poor ventilation make the hive unbearable for the bees.
     
   • Problems with the queen. Sometimes older queens have a tendency to fail to produce enough eggs in times of high honey production of the colony..[2mks.]
9.  
   • Age ,old animals more prone ;
   • Stage of lactation ;
   • Udder attachment ;
   • Incomplete milking ;
   • Wounds on teats ;
   • Poor sanitation ;
   • Poor milking .[2mks.]
10.  
    • Control internal and external parasites ;
    • Control diseases ;
    • Effect identification ;
    • Remove extra teats ;
    • Effect dehorning .[2marks]
11.  
    • Avoid contaminating livestock feeds with faeces ;
    • Initiate rotational grazing to break the cycle ;
    • Improve sanitation by removal of dung ;
    • Use appropriate antihelminths ;
    • Use latrines .[1mk.]
12.  
    • Straighten loose wires
    • Splice broken wires ;
    • Replace worn out posts;
    • Replace broken droppers and brace posts .[1mk.]
13.  
    1.  
       • Duroc jersey [0.5mk.]
    2.  
       • Nectar;
       • Pollen ;
       • Propolis ;
       • water .[2mks.]
14.  
    • Burning the infected pastures;
    • Altering the environment by ploughing or top dressing with lime;
    • Fencing off the pasture ;
    • Starving the ticks to death by interrupting the lifecycle ;
    • Picking and killing .[2mks.]
15.  
    • Produce female gametes ;
    • Produce hormones that induce estrus .[1mk.]
16.  
    • Selection for breeding.
    • Facilitates treatment of sick animals.
    • Culling of poor animals.
      
    • Identification for special feeding.
      
    • For record keeping on an animal.
      
    • Identification of lost/stolen animal.[2mks]
17.  
    • Mates with the queen ;
    • Flaps the wings controlling temperature .[1mk.]
18.  
    • Turning litter ;
    • Cleaning feed and water troughs ;
    • Egg collection twice a day ;
    • Food and water provision adlibitum ;
    • Adequate perches ;
    • Adequate laying boxes ;
    • Hang green vegetables to avoid boredom .[2mks]
19.  
    • Connection or disconnection of the driveshaft;
    • Take off smoothly without a jerk. [1mk.]

SECTION B [20MARKS]

20.  
    1.  
       • A….stock and die [1mk.]
       • B…..plumb bob [1mk.]
    2.  
       • C…chops forage for livestock. [1mk.]
       • D….cuts wool from a sheep’s body [1mk.]
    3. Cleaning after use;-sharpening the blades. [1mk.]
21.  
    1.  
       • E…Hardcore [1mk.]
       • F….Damp proof material /PVC [polyvinyl chloride] [1mk.]
    2.  
       • Prevents water rising beyond the floor or wall.
       • Prevents insects beyond the floor or wall. [2mka.]
    3.  
       • sand;
       • cement [1mk.]
22.  
    1. Tapeworm [1mk.] 
    2.  
       • Taenia solium/pig tapeworm ;
       • Taenia saginata/beef tapeworm [2mk.]
    3.  
       • Suitable antihelminths;
       • Disinfect livestock houses;
       • Rotational grazing to break lifecycle;
       • Feed troughs and water troughs kept clean;
       • Proper disposal of human faeces;
       • Meat inspection;
       • Proper meat cooking. [2mks.]
23.  
    1. J [1Mk.] 
    2. J stands still when mounted by K .[1mk.]
    3.  
       • More accurate due to heat detection by males;
       • Less laborious;
       • Useful when heat signs cannot be detected. [2mks.]
    4.  
       • Brucellosis/contagious abortion;
       • Trichomonas spp. [1mk.]

SECTION C 40 MARKS]
Answer any TWO questions from this section in the spaces provided .

24.  
    1.  
       • Easy to keep individual production records.
         
       • Controls cannibalism and egg eating.
         
       • No contamination of water and feed,
         
       • Birds are not exposed to predators, parasites and diseases.
         
       • Facilitates culling and handling
         
       • Easy to collect eggs.
       • Egg losses are reduced.
         
       • Many birds are kept in a given area/high stocking rate
         
       • Eliminates broodiness.
         
       • Birds still have tender meat at culling due to confinement.
         
       • Facilitates mechanization,
         
       • Keeps eggs clean.
         
       • Sick birds can be detected easily for isolation.
         
       • Low labour requirement.
         
       • Higher egg production due to less energy spent  [6marks]
    2.  
       • Ensure its-pens should have concrete floors to facilitate cleaning
         
       • Make dry and warm- dry litter should be placed on the floor to avoid dampness/wetness.
         
       • Roof should not leak/avoid spilling water on the floor to discourage dampness and wetness of the litter
         
       • Adequate space: Should be spacious for exercise, feeding and watering of calves.
         
       • Proper lighting - should be well lit as light is necessary for synthesis of vitamin D.
         
       • Proper drainage - should be constructed on a well-drained place to avoid dampness
         
       • Draught free - to prevent entry of cold winds and discourage infections like pneumonia
         
       • Proper ventilation - to allow free air circulation
         
       • Single housing - calves should be housed singly to prevent licking one another which can lead to formation of hair - balls in
       • the rumen.[6mks]
    3.  
       • Location of the homestead
         
       • Accessibility
         
       • Security
         
       • Drainage
         
       • Direction of prevailing wind.
         
       • Relationship between the structures.
         
       • Framers tastes and preference
         
       • Topography
         
       • Proximity of amenities water and electricity.
         
       • Government regulations. [8marks]
    4. • Milking equipment should be clean
         
       • Clean milking parlour/shed.
         
       • The udder should be cleaned before milking.
         
       • The milkman should be clean and healthy.
         
       • The cows should be tested for mastitis before milking.
         
       • Cows with mastitis should be milked last and milk disposed of.
         
       • The milk should be sieved/filtered after milkin2.
         
       • The milk should be stored in a cool dry place/proper storage.
         
       • Cow should be healthy/check the cows regularly for milk-borne disease.
         
       • The milk should be covered after milking.
         
       • Feeds that can taint milk should be avoided/equipment that can taint milk should be avoided.
         
       • Milk should be cooled immediately to reduce bacterial multiplication
         
       • Chip hair around udder and flank.
25.  
    1.  
       1. Ruminants [cattle ,sheep ,goats ] , pigs ,wild animals that are cloven hooves.[2mks.]
       2. Virus. [1mk.]
       3.  
          • Fever /high temperature;
          • staring coat;
          • Discharge from mouth and nose ;
          • Watery eyes ;
          • Diarrhea and dysentery ;
          • Mouth and nose mucous membranes are red ;
          • Emaciation in animals ;
          • Grinding teeth;
          • Death in 2-10 days after incubation. [5mks.]
       4.  
          • Vaccination every 6 months;
          • Quarantine after an outbreak;
          • Nurse animals with a disinfectant on the wounds;
          • All affected animals killed. [2mks.]
    2.  
       • Eggs hatch larvae which climb onto the host and feed on blood;
         
       • Engorged larvae moult, nymphs emerge, feed on blood;
         
       • Engorged nymphs moult, adults emerge;
         
       • Adults feed on blood and mate;
         
       • Engorged female falls to ground and lays eggs;.[5mks.]
    3.  
       • Drying of farm produce ;
         
       • Heating water for dairy and domestic use ;
         
       • Processing/distillation of clean drinking water ;
         
       • Generate electricity for lighting ;
         
       • Electricity to run milk coolants ,milking machines ,brooders ,incubators ;
         
       • Used for cooking with special cookers .[5mks.]
26.  
    1.  
       

       Petrol engine	Diesel engine
       -It has carburetor -Fuel and air are mixed in the carburetor before it gets into the engine -Fuel is ignited by an electric spark -It produces little smoke because petrol is completely burnt -Petrol engine is light in weight and suited for light duties	-It has an injection pump -The fuel and air are mixed within the cylinder -Fuel is ignited by compression of air and fuel mixture in the cylinder -It produces alot of smoke since the diesel is not completely burnt -It is relatively heavy in weight and suited for heavy duties

    2.  
       • Soil type.
       • Topography.
       • Sources of water.
       • Closeness to homestead/accessibility.
       • Closeness to the market centre.
       • Security
    3.  
       • Sex
       • Colour
       • Age
       • Physiological condition eg pregnancy, lactation;
       • Physical injuries