Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Cekenas Mock Exams 2022

QUESTIONS

SECTION A. (30MARKS)

State four methods of identification in livestock production. (2mks)
Explain the meaning of the following terms as used in livestock health.
1. A notifiable disease. (1mk)
2. Prophylatics. (1mk)
Give two reasons for including roughages in diet of non-ruminants. (1mk)
State four equalities of a good grain store. (2mks)
Give four ways a farmer would adopt to improve production in indigenous cattle. (2mks)
State two factors to consider when formulating livestock ration. (2mks)
State three importance of farm buildings. (1½mks)
State four symptoms of new castle disease in poultry. (2mks)
What is creep feeding in pig production? (1mk)
State the use of each of the following tools and equipment. (2mks)
1. Routers
2. Tinsnips
3. Wood rasp
4. Chipping hammer
State three methods of treating timber for building construction. (1½mks)
State two ways in which feed additives are important in animal nutrition. (2mks)
State four predisposing factors for mastitis in dairy cattle. (2mks)
Give two examples of a three host tick. (1mk)
State four general uses of solar energy. (2mks)
Name two causes of bloat in farm animals. (2mks)
Name two light breeds of poultry. (1mk)

SECTION B (20MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section

Study the diagram below of an ox-plough and use it to answer the questions that follow.
1. Give the functions of parts G and F
2. Name the parts labelled K and I
3. Mark on the diagram using letters M and N the two parts used to adjust the depth of ploughing. (1mark)
The diagram below shows a hen sitting on eggs. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
1. Name the method of incubation illustrated above. (1mark)
2. Give two signs that may show that the hen is ready to sit on the eggs. (2marks)
3. State two problems of using the above method to hatch chicks. (2marks)
1. Give the identity of tools P and Q.
2. What is the role of part labelled S on diagram P. (1mark)
3. Name another tool used in conjunction with tool R. (1mark)
4. Give one maintenance practice for tool Q. (1mark)
The diagram below shows the male reproductive system in cattle. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
1. Name the parts labelled Z and W
2. State the function of part labelled V and Y
3. How is part W adapted to its function? (1mark)

SECTION C (40MARKS)

1. Describe short term tractor servicing. (8marks)
2. Explain the procedure of establishing a fish pond. (5mks)
3. Outline preventive measures for livestock diseases. (7mks)
1. Describe brucellosis under the following subheadings:
  1. Causal organism (1mark)
  2. Transmission (1mark)
  3. Symptoms (4mks)
  4. Control measures (4mks)
2. State the function of any five parts of a zero grazing unit in dairy farming. (5mks)
3. Explain five factors that should be considered when choosing tools and equipment to use in the farm.(5mks)
1. Explain eight qualities of an ideal broader for a day old chick. (8mks)
2. Describe seven factors that a farmer should consider when sitting a bee hive to prevent swarming of bees.(7mks)
3. State five functions of water in nutrition. (5mks)

MARKING SCHEME

- Branding
- Ear tagging
- Ear notching
- Tattooing
- Straps and chains (Any 4 x ½ =2 marks)
- A disease whose outbreak must be reported to the government authority for the purpose of imposing a quarantine
- Prophylactics
- To control disease and parasites using preventive drugs (1x2=2 marks)
- Facilitate digestion
- Adds to the bulk of food (2x1=2 marks)
- Vermin proof
- Well ventilated
- Water proof
- Easy to clean
- Easy to load and off load
- Raised to prevent dampness (any 4x ½ = 2 marks)
- Proper control of disease and parasites
- Cross breeding with high yielding breeds
- Proper selection
- Proper feeding (4x ½ =2 marks)
Percentage of nutrients to be obtained
Value of the nutrients / protein content of the feed-stuff’s to be used. (2marks)
- Increase efficiency of production
- Provide storage of farm inputs and produce
- Protect fanner and livestock from predators
- Help control disease and parasites
- Provide shelter against extreme conditions.
- Difficulties in breathing
- Soft shelled eggs
- Birds produce watery, greenish diarrhea
- Drooping wings
- Birds walk with staggering motion
- Nasal discharges
- Loss of appetite
- Birds are dull
- Birds stand with eyes closed
- Beaks remain open with necks strained
- Birds produce harsh granting raspy sound when breathing (any 4 x ½ 2 marks)
Creep feeding: Feeding of piglets with pellets /high quality feed in secluded areas out of reach of their mothers. (1x1=1 mark)
- Routers —removing wood to form a groove or make groove sooth.
- Tin-snips-cutting thin sheet of metal
- Wood rasp - smoothening wood
- Chipping hammer -removing rough stone surface (4 x ½ =2 marks)
- Drying
- Sap displacement methods
- Pressure/ vacuum treatment
- Hot and cold soaking (any 3x ½ =7 ½marks)
- Promote growth
- Increase feed intake
- Prevent parasite attack
- Suppress excitement
- Age
- Stage of lactation
- Pendulous udder
- Incomplete milking
- Mechanical injuries
- Poor sanitation
- Poor milking technique. (Any 4x ½ =2 marks)
- Brown ear tick
- East Africa bont tick
- Bont tick
- Gulf coast tick
- Fowl tick
- Yellow dog tick
- Brown dog tick (Any 2x ½ =1 mark)
- Lighting
- Drying farm produce
- Cooking
- Distillation of water (4x ½ =2 marks)
- Indigestion
- Blockage of oesophagus
- Pressure exerted on the oesophagus (2x1=2 marks)
- White leghorn
- Ancona
- Minorca
- Sykes (2x ½=l mark)
1. G is a share – its function is to cut the furrow slice horizontally. (1mark)
  F is a mould board – its function is to invert the furrow slice (1mark)
2. K is U bolt (1mark)
  I is Draft rod (1mark)
3. Mark on the diagram using letters M and N the two parts used to adjust the depth of ploughing. (1mark)
1. Natural incubation (1mark)
2. - Produces characteristic crackling sound
  - Tend to sit on the egg after laying
  - Becomes aggressive
  - Pluck feathers from breast region
  - Walks with wings slightly spread out from the body. (Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
3. - The hen may abandon the eggs
  - Only a small number of chicks can be hatched at a time.
  - Not possible to plan when to incubate (Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
1. P – Is a watering can (1mark)
  Q – is a cold chisel (1mark)
2. Allows water to come out in fine drops (1mark)
3. Bull ring (1mark)
4. - Sharpen regularly
  - Store properly after use
  - Coat with oil for long storage
  - Occasionally remove mushroom from head. (Any 1 x 1 = 1mk)
1. Z – Sperm duct (1mark)
  W – Scrotum/ scrotal sac (1mark)
2. V – Prostate gland – produce liquid that activates sperm (1mark)
  Y – Testis – produce sperm and secrete male hormone (1mark)
3. Less hairy to ensure rapid loss of heat from the testis (1mark)
1. - Engine oil should be checked daily by use of dip stick and added if the level is low.
  - Fuel level should be checked at the start of everybody’s work and added if necessary.
  - Water level in the radiator should be inspected and if possible topped up
  - The level of electrolyte should be checked daily and topped up with distilled water
  - Tightening loose nuts and bolts replacing lost nuts and bolts before the day’s work.
  - Grease should be applied by use of grease gun through the nipples
  - Large sediments from the sediment bowl should be removed
  - Tyre pressure should be checked every morning before the day’s work by use of pressure gauge.
  - Fan belt tension should be checked to ensure that it reflects between 1.9cm to 2.5cm when pushed.
  - Brake shaft bearing should be greased
  - Engine oil should be drained completely from the pump and replaced with new oil
  - The steering gear box oil should be inspected and refilled if the level goes below the recommended level.
  - Oil in the differential should be replaced as recommended
  - The linkage and pulley attachment should be greased
  - Dirty oil should be removed and replaced with clean oil
2. - Site selection – select a suitable place where water flows gently
  - Site marking: Pegs are used to mark the channel from rivers to the entrance and exist
  - Clearing the land; all vegetation is removed and taken away from the pond area.
  - Digging the pond: soil is dug out/ the upper part of the pond should be 0.5m deep and the lower side 1.5m deep.
  - Constructing the dyke; the dyke wall is constructed all around the pond;
3. - Vaccination
  - Quarantine imposition on notifiable diseases
  - Use of prophylactic drugs e.g. coccidiositats
  - Proper hygiene
  - Treatment of sick animals
  - Proper selection and breeding
  - Control of vectors
  - Slaughtering and proper disposal of animals infected with highly infectious diseases e.g. Newcastle disease
1. 1. Bacteria/ Brucella abortus/ Brucella spp
  2. By taking raw infected milk
    By handling a foetus born of an infected animal
  3. - Spontaneous abortion/ premature births
    - Retained placenta/ after birth
    - Infertility in females
    - Low libido in males
    - Orchitis in bulls/ inflamed testis
    - Yellowish/ brown/ slimy discharge from vulva
2. - Milking stall – restraining cows during milking
  - Calf pen rearing calf up to weaning
  - Sleeping cubicles – provide shelter and warmth
  - Loafing area- dunging, feeding, exercise and sunning
  - Feed and water troughs – feeding and watering the animals
  - Feed preparation room – preparing food rations and chopping fodder
  - Store – For keeping dairy equipment and feed
  - Milk recording area – weighing and recording of milk
3. - Suitability – tools should be suitable for the task
  - Availability – tools/ equipment should be available in the shops
  - Cost – tools/ equipment should be affordable by the framer
  - Cost of maintenance – should be easily and cheap to maintain
  - Operation – should be easy to operate by the farmer
  - Durability – should last long when acquired
1. - Litter – litter on the floor inform of wood shavings to maintain warmth and absorb moisture
  - Fresh air and ventilation – should have holes for ventilation to allow proper gaseous exchange
  - Heat source – a heat source be provided and controlled to maintain current temperature within the brooder
  - Well lit to allow chicks to see feeds and water.
  - Dim light is recommended as bright light blinds the chicks and enhances positive pecking
  - Adequate waterers to allow proper watering of chicks without overcrowding
  - Shape of the broader- should be round in shape to avoid chicks overcrowding at the corners
  - Fresh feed and water
  - Some feeds should be put on the newspaper.
  - Adequate feeders to allow proper feeding without overcrowding
2. - Shelter – should be protected from strong sun and wind
  - Should be free from noise and other disturbances
  - Place should be from pests and diseases
  - The site should be free from dampness and bad odours
  - Availability of water – water should be available within a 3km radius.
  - Availability of flowers; flowers should be readily available to facilitate collection of nectar and pollen.
  - Away from human beings and livestock
3. - Component of body cells and body fluids
  - Used in biochemical reactions in the body
  - Regulates body temperature through sweating and evaporation
  - Excretion of metabolic wastes
  - Makes cells turgid to maintain body shape
  - Transportation of nutrients.