History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Mathioya Mock Exams 2022

Questions

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES.

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A, three questions in section B and two questions in section C
• All answers must be written in the answer booklets provided.

SECTION A(25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.

1. Give two contributions of Archaeology to the study of History. (2mks)
2. Name the group of old stone age man who is associated with Oldowan tools (1mk)
3. Give two environmental causes of food shortages in third world countries (2mks)
4. Identify the earliest form of writing in Egypt (1mk) 
5. State the main factor that facilitated the exchange of goods between various communities. (1mk)
6.  State two factors that facilitated scientific revolution in Europe from 14th century (2mks)
7. Identify one symbol of unity in the Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period (1mk)
8. Identify the contribution of Joseph Lister in the field of medicine in the 19th century (1mk)
9. Identify two challenges faced by Athens as an ancient urban centre. (2mark)
10. State two roles played by the Tuaregs during the Trans-Saharan trade (2mks)
11. Identify two Communes which were established by the French in Senegal (2mks)
12. Identify the Main way through which Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa (1mk)
13. State two ways in which the invention of the wheel revolutionised transport in Europe before the 19TH century (2mks)
14. State one importance of rock art to early man. (1mk)
15. Name two political parties that fought for independence of South Africa (2mks)
16. Give one specialized UN agency which finances development programmes in developing Nations (1mk)
17. Give one military organisation formed by power blocks during cold war period (1mk)

SECTION B (45MKS). (Answer three questions from this section.

18.      
    1. Give five benefits of man settling in villages during the late stone age period (5mks)
    2. Describe five cultural practises of homo erectus during the old stone age (10mks
19.  
    1. Outline five positive impacts of scientific inventions on medicine. (5mks)
    2. Explain five factors which have influenced industrialization in India. (10mks)
20.  
    1. Give five reasons why Maji Maji rebellion failed (5mks)
    2. Explain five reforms introduced by German administration after Maji Maji rebellion (10mks)
21.   
    1. State five reasons why the British used direct rule to administer Zimbabwe. (5mks)
    2. Explain six reasons for the failure of direct rule in Southern Nigeria. (10mks)

SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer Any two questions from this section.

22.      
    1. Identify three ways in which the treaty of versaillies signed in 1919 affected Germany (3mks)
    2. Explain five factors that enabled the allied forces to win the second world war (12mks)
23.  
    1.  Identify three economic challenges that Tanzania has faced since independence (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that undermined the smooth running of the Pan African Movement (12mks)
24.  
    1. Identify any three powers of the President in India. (3mks)
    2. Explain six ways through which the powers of the president of the United States of America are checked. (12mks)

Marking Scheme

1. Give two contributions of Archaeology to the study of History. (2 marks)
   
   • It provides information on the origin of man.
   • It provides information on the people’s way of life / culture of early man.
   • It helps people to locate historical sites.
   • It provides information on chronological order of historical events / dating historical events.
     (Any 2x1 = 2mks)
2. Name the group of old stone age man who is associated with oldwan tools (2mks)
   
   • Australopithecus ,homo habilis
3. Give two environmental causes of food shortage in third world countries (2mks)
   
   • Drought/famine
4. Identify the earliest form of writing in Egypt (1mks)
   
   • hierographics
5. State the main factor that facilitated the exchange of goods between various communities . (1mk)
   
   • Existence of varying environmental and climatic conditions. (1x1) = (1mk)
6. State two factors that facilitated scientific revolution in Europe from 14th century (2mks)
   
   • Renaissainance time made people develop interest in research /learning.
   • Goverments and individual financed scientific research.
   • Need to solve the problems like food shortages, diseases
   • Religion failed to answer all the questions.
7. Identify one symbol of unity in the Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period (1mk)
   
   • Royal fire
   • Mwari cult/mlimo
8. Identify the contribution of Joseph Lister in the field of medicine in the 19th century (1mk)
   
   • He discovered the use of carbonic acid as an antiseptic to clean/sterilise surgical Instruments.
9. Identify one challenge faced by Athens as an ancient urban centre. (1mark)
   
   • Water / food shortage.
   • Congestion – people / overcrowding.
   • Attacked by Sparta.
   • Outbreak of plague / diseases.
   • Conquered by Macedonians.
10. Role played by Tuaregs during the Trans-saharan trade (2maks)
    • provided security
    •  maintained the oases
    • guided the traders
    • acted as interpreters
    • provided accommodation
11. Identify two Communes which were established by the French in Senegal (2mks)
    
    • Dakar
    • Rufisque.
    • St. Louis
    • Goree.
12.  identify the main way through which Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa
    • Signing treaties among themselves (1mk)
13. State two ways in which the invention of wheel revolutionised transport in Europe before the 19TH century
    
    • People could travel faster than before.
    • They could cover long distance.
    • The chariots/wheel made travel comfortable.
    • Travelling became more secure.
14. State one importance of rock art to early man. (1mk)
    
    • Cave painting shows keen observation of animal’s life.
    • Painted to decorate their caves.
    • It was a way of passing time (leisure)
    • Help in developing writing skills.
    • Preserved his cultural heritage.
    • Believed it will give success in their hunting. (1x1)
15.  Name two political parties that fought for independence of South Africa
    
    • Africa national congress
    • Pan African congress
    • United democratic front
    • The national front
    • South African communist party
    • Inkatha freedom party (2mk)
16. Give one specialized UN agency which finances development programmes in developing Nations
    
    • The international bank for reconstruction and development (IBRD) or world bank
    • The International Monetary fund(IMF)(1mk)
17. Give one military organisation formed by power blocks during cold war period (1mk)
    
    • warsaw pact
    • North Atlantic treaty organisation(NATO)
18.      
    1. Give five benefits of man settling in villages during the late stone age period (5mks)
       • security as people could protect themselves against enemies.
       • enabled people to work together hence accomplishing tasks with ease.
       • enabled sedentary lifestyle
       • man began growing crops thereby ensuring regular food supply
       • it promoted interaction thereby enhancing cohesion
       • promoted trade (barter trade)
    2.  Describe five cultural practises of homo erectus during the old stone age (10mks
       
       • Man-made improved tools named sangoan tools
       • Man continued with hunting and gathering but in an improved way
       • Man lived in caves
       • Man started wearing animal skins as cloths
       • Man developed distinct language
       • Rock painting was done on cave walls /rock art
       • They decorated themselves with necklaces
       • Fire was made during this period.
       • Started painting themselves with red ochre
19.   
    1. Outline five positive impacts of scientific inventions on medicine. (5mks)
       
       • Quality of life has improved with invention of both curative and preventive drugs.
       • Terminal diseases are controlled.
       • Creation of employment opportunities eg doctors, pharmacist and physiotherapist.
       •  Increased life expectancy due to improved health care.
       • Some diseases can be prevented for example polio and small pox.
       • Production of advanced medical equipment like X-rays has improved man`s life.
    2. Explain five factors which have influenced industrialization in India. (10mks)
       • Existence of a good industrial base which was laid by the British e.g textile industry.
       • Existence of vast deposits of minerals like iron allowed development of heavy industries.
       • Availability of sources of energy of HEP.
       • Good transport and communication including sea, air or road.
       • Availability of capital from trade with Europeans.
       • Good technical and scientific education available in India produced experts
       • Introduction of Banking availed loans to industrialist.
       • India enjoyed political stability since independence.
       • Cottage industries in textile and iron smithing.
       • India large population provided labour and market.
       • Government came up with development plans which encouraged the growth of industries.
       • Protective tariff where imported goods were heavily taxed to protect local industries
20.   
    1. give five reasons why Maji Maji rebellion failed (5mks)
       • Africans were not well organised
       • The magic water failed to protect the Africans
       • Disunity among the African communities
       • The Germans received reinforcement from Germany and other colonies
       • African soldiers had inferior weapons to use against the Germans
       • The capture and execution of leaders demoralised the warriors
       • Scorched earth policy weakened the Africans
    2. explain five reforms introduced by German administration after MajiMaji rebellion(10mks)
       • Compulsory cotton growing was stopped and Africans were encouraged to plant their own cotton.
       • Forced labour for settler’s farms was abolished.
       • Corporal punishment was forbidden and those settlers who mistreated their workers were punished.
       • Better educational and medical services for Africans were introduced.
       • Africans were involved in administration of the regions as Akidas and Jumbes .
       • The new governor censored newspapers that supported settlers against Africans.
       • colonial department of Germans government was formed in 1907 to closely investigate the affairs to Germany East Africa
       • Extra taxation of Africans was rejected by the governor.
       • Kiswahili was accepted as the official language
21.     
    1. State five reasons why the British used direct rule to administer Zimbabwe. (5mks)
       • they had enough personnel who were familiar with the area as well as the British administration
       • The British South Africa Company had enough finance to pay the administrators
       • They aimed at controlling the economy of Zimbabwe to maximize profit
       • They wanted to ensure complete control of the Africans to avoid resistance.
       • Zimbabwe lacked a centralized system of government/The traditional system and indigenous political institutions since they had been destroyed during the British wars of conquest.
       • the 1896 – 1897 Shona-Ndebele uprising shook European confidence in local administrators.
       • The British aimed at establishing a British dominion settlement
       • The British found the Zimbabweans uncooperative.
         (5 x 1 = 5mks)
    2. Explain six reasons for the failure of direct rule in Southern Nigeria. (10mks)
       • Did not have a centralized indigenous system of administration
       • lack of homogeneity in the south because there were many tribes and hence many languages
       • The British introduced new ideas eg forced labour and taxation for which they were opposed
       • The failure of the British administrators to understand the socio-economic and political system of Southern Nigeria which was based on the office of the Oba made them give up easily.
       • Opposition from the educated elite who felt left out of administration of their own country/leadership.
       • Obas of Southern Nigeria had defined powers so when they were given wide ranging the people became disunited/excessive powers made them unpopular.
       • Misuse of power by the warrant chiefs who raised taxes for their benefit.
         (5 x 2 = 10mks)
22.    
    1. Identify three ways in which the treaty of versaillies signed in 1919 affected Germany
       • Germany was to pay for war damages
       • The size of Germany was reduced
       • She was totally disarmed
       • She lost her colonies
       • Germany was blamed for the outbreak of war
       • Germany lost Alsace and Lorraine to France. (3mks)
    2. explain five factors that enabled the allied forces to win the second world war (12mks)
       • Germany inability to effectively control her expansive territories and some turned against her and fought along the allies.
       • The USSR recovered from her losses rearmed and attacked Germany.
       • The allies had more supporters than axis powers.
       • USA entry into war on the side of allies.
       • Germans forces were overstretched by fighting war in many fronts.
       • Allied forces had better arms than the axis powers eg atomic bombs
       • Allied powers controlled the North Sea and blocked the axis powers.
       • Axis powers made tactical mistakes eg Japan concentrated on battleship, than air crafts carriers.
       • Axis powers suffered from shortage of raw materials eg rubber oil, cotton to sustain their economies.
23.     
    1. Identify three economic challenges that have faced Tanzania since independence. (3mks)
       • The Nationalization policy forced many lucrative foreign countries to leave for neighbouring countries for better investments.
       • The Tanzanian shilling became unstable due to fluctuation in prices of Tanzania’s main cash crops at the world market.
       • Socialism led to an increase in the numbers of African entrepreneurs which further caused a wide gap between the rich African and poor Africans after the Ujamaa policies were relaxed. The Ujamaa programs led to a decline in production because some areas in Tanzania had unfavourable climate.
       • The salary reduction and recruiting of young people into the national youth service was strongly resisted by the elite.
       • Natural calamities and mismanagement of the agricultural sectors led to a decline in the income and economic growth.
       • The collapse of the East Africa Community in 1977 denied Tanzania a large common market for her goods.
       • Corruption contradicted the idea of Ujamaa.
       • There was poor infrastructure.
       • Nyerere did not believe in foreign assistance which affected donor funding.
       • There was poor infrastructure to cover the vast area in Tanzania which greatly affected the economic growth.
       • Tanzanian farmers lacked farming autonomy in the mid 80’s leading to a serious trade imbalance with exports exceeding imports with profits being repatriated out of the country.
    2. Explain six factors that undermined the smooth running of the Pan African Movement. (12mks)
       • The leaders could not agree on the best strategy of uplifting the welfare of Africans.
       • The European nationals fought the activities of the Pan – Africanist.
       • Many African countries were still under colonization and could not participate in the activities of the organization.
       • Lack of education and economic empowerment made the Africans not to participate effectively in Pan- African activities.
       • The Pan – African activities were restricted to African continent. There was no financial support by the African – Americans.
       • The Pan – African policies were being undermined by the international media which was under the control of the Europeans.
       • There were ideological differences between the radical and conservative leaders and the Francophone and Anglophone countries.
24.      
    1. Identify any three powers of the President in India. (5mks)
       • Power to dissolve Parliament
       • Power to declare an emergency in a state and rule that state by a decree.
       • Power to assent or Veto a Bill.
       • Commander – in – Chief of the armed forces.
       • Power to appoint state governors and Supreme Court judges, prime minister.
       • President is a symbol of National power.
       • Power to Pardon convicts.
    2. Explain six ways through which the powers of the United States of America president are checked (12mks)
       • The congress approves most of the president’s appointments.
       • Congress can refuse to approve the use of government funds for foreign policies.
       • Congress can impeach a sitting president.
       • Supreme court may declare the president to have acted unconstitutionally thus demanding his status.
       • Constitutions limit any individual to two, four year terms as president.
       • Mass Media monitors the President’s actions.
       • Opinion polls in U.S.A reflects the wishes and feelings of the American people. viii.Representative democracy in U.S.A limits the actions of the President.