Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Londiani Joint Mock Exams 2022

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of Examination in the space provided.
• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer ALL the questions in section A and B.
• Answer TWO questions in section C in the spaces provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY.

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (30MKS|)
Answer all questions in this section on spaces provided.

1. State four non-chemical method used to control ticks (2marks)
2. Highlight two management practices carried out on a broody hen (2marks)
3. Give four characteristics of a good fish pond (2marks)
4. Mention four physical characteristics of exotic beef cattle breeds (2marks)
5. Give four features of calf pen that help to control calf diseases (2marks)
6.                    
   1. What is dry cow therapy (1mark)
   2. At what stage of gestation is dry cow therapy practiced (1mark)
7. Name four farm structures used for handling livestock (2marks)
8. Give four symptoms of respiratory disorders in a sick cow (2marks)
9. Mention two characteristics of abdomen of a poor layers (2marks)
10. Distinguish between mothering ability and prolificacy (2marks)
11. List two factors that can lead to conception failure after female cow has been served (2marks)
12. Give four factors that may lead to a farmer culling dairy cattle (2marks)
13. State four reasons for doing Agriculture as a discipline (2marks)
14. Name four tools that are used when laying concrete blocks during construction of a wall (2marks)
15. State four features on the animal which may pre-dispose it to livestock diseases (2marks) 

SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided

16.  The following is a diagram of an artificial incubator. Study it and answer questions that follow.
    
    
    1. Identify the following parts shown by letters A and B. (2marks)
       A .
       B .
    2. State three conditions that are necessary for a successful hatching. (3marks)
17. Study the following farm implement and answer the questions below.
    
    
    1. Identify the above implement. (½mark)
    2. Identify the parts shown by letters C, D, E. (1½marks)
       C ..
       D ..
       E ..
    3. Give three reasons that make the implement better in land preparation. (3marks)
18. Study the following diagram and answer questions below.
    
    
    1. Identify the above disease. (1mark)
    2. What causes the above disease? (1mark)
    3. Give two predisposing factors of the disease. (2marks)
    4. Give one control measure of the disease. (1mark)
19. The illustration below shows a farm practice used in controlling external parasites in livestock. Study it and answer the questions that follows.
    
    
    1. Identify the methods of parasite control in the illustration above (1mark)
    2. Name the equipment used for the practice in the illustration (1mark)
    3. State two factors that leads to maximum effectiveness when using the practice above in tick control (2marks)
    4. Name any other equipment that is used for the same practice (1mark)

SECTION C (40 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

20.                              
    1. Explain eight practices you can carry out in a crush. (8 marks)
    2. Describe six advantages of rotational grazing. (6 marks)
    3. Describe six effects of parasites on livestock. (6 marks)
21.                
    1. Describe eight short term services that should be done to a farm tractor. (8 marks)
    2. Explain five reasons for maintaining farm tools and equipment. (5marks)
    3. State eight causes of long calving intervals. (7marks)
22.                      
    1. Describe ten uses of fences on a farm. (10 marks)
    2. Explain five factors a farmer should consider in the construction of farm structures. (10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Non-chemical methods to control ticks
   • Burn infested pasture
   • Hand pick and kill
   • Rotational grazing
   • Double fencing
   • Restrict animal movement (zero grazing) (4 x ½=2mks)
2. Management practices on broody hen
   • Provide drinking water adlip
   • Provide balanced diet
   • Dust with insecticide to control parasites
   • Give hen chance to exercise ( 2 x 1=2mks)
3. Characteristics of good fish pond
   • Gentle slopping
   • Reliable water source
   • Area with no cracks/anthills
   • Clay soil which is poorly drained
   • Secure from predators /thieves
   • Site should be accessible (4 x ½=2mks)
4. Characteristics of beef breeds
   • They are blocky
   • They have strong short legs
   • Bodies are well fleshed
   • They have small udder
   • They have thick neck ( 4 x ½=2mks)
5.  Calf pen to control diseases
   • Well ventilated
   • Well lit
   • Easy to clean
   • Free from draught
   • Spacious
   • Lack proof
   • Well drained
6.                    
   1. A dry cow theraphy – practice of applying mastitis antibiotic in teat canal in cow that is being dried off. (1mk)
   2. Dry cow theraphy done last 2 months of gestation (1mk)
7. Structures to handle livestock
   • Crush
   • Calf pens
   • Fences
   • Milking shed
   • Cattle shed (4 x ½=2mks)
8. Respiratory disorder
   • Difficult breathing
   • Coughing
   • Snoring
   • Sneezing
   • Running nose (4 x ½=2mks)
9. Characteristics of poor layers
   • Hard/stiff abdomen
   • Full/well fleshed abdomen
   • Small space between kneel and pelvic bone allow less than 2 fingers ( 2 x 1=2mks)
10. Mothering ability is ability of mother to care for young ones while prolificacy is ability of mother to produce many young ones at once. (Mark as a whole)
    ( 2 x 1=2mks)
11. Factors leading to female cow fail to conceive
    • Poor nutrition
    • Poor timing of services
    • Infertile cow/bull ( 2 x 1=2mks)
12.  Reason for culling dairy cattle
    • Poor health
    • Poor quality products
    • Old age
    • Wild temperament
    • Low production (4 x ½=2mks)
13. Reasons for doing Agriculture as a discipline
    • Provide skills in Agriculture and practices
    • It is a career subject
    • Createself-employment and self-reliance in food
    • Agriculture promote environmental conservation
    • Agriculture promote cohesion in diverse culture
    • Agriculture promote school to take part in Agricultural practices eg young farmers
      (4 x ½=2mks)
14. Tools use to lay concrete block
    • Plumb bob/plumb line
    • Mason’s trowel
    • Spirit level
    • Wood float (4 x ½=2mks)
15. Factors pre-disposing animal to diseases
    • Sex
    • Colour
    • Age
    • Physiological conditions sickness/pregnancy/emaciation/lactating
    • Physical injuries (4 x ½=2mks)
16. The following is a diagram of an artificial incubator. Study it and answer questions that follow.
    1. Identify the following parts shown by letters A and B. (2 marks)
       • A Thermometer
       • B Warm water
    2. State three conditions that are necessary for a successful hatching. (3 marks)
       • Temperature should be ideal preferably 37.5ºC – 39.4ºC to maintain a healthy growth of the embryo.
       • Fresh air is ideal in the incubator for embryonic development
       • A relative humidity of 60% is ideal in production of healthy chicks during hatching.
       • Egg turning regularly is necessary to avoid the germinal disk sticking onto the egg shell that leads to embryonic mortality
17. Study the following farm implement and answer the questions below
    1. Identify the above implement. ( ½ mark)
       • Disc plough
    2. Identify the parts shown by letters C, D, E. (1 ½ marks)
       • C Beam
       • D Disc
       • E Top link
    3. Give three reasons that make the implement better in land preparation. (3 marks)
       • Can be used in a field with obstacles as it rolls over them.
       • The implement is hardly and does not break easily hence requiring less maintenance.
       • The implement requires less draught power due to the rotting effect of the disc.
       • The implement is suitable for hard and we sticky soils especially those dominated by clay.
18. Study the following diagram and answer questions below.
    1. Identify the above disease. (1 mark)
       • Fowl pox
    2. What causes the above disease? (1 mark)
       • Virus / Avian fox
    3. Give two predisposing factors of the disease. (2 marks)
       • Wounds on the body
       • Presence of mosquitoes, ticks, lice, and other biting insects.
    4. Give one control measure of the disease. (1 mark)
       • Vaccinating all the healthy birds every 6 months
       • Killing all the affected birds and disposing the carcasses properly
19.                          
    1. Hand spraying (1x1=1mks)
    2. Knap sack sprayer (1x1=1mks)
    3.                        
       • The sprayer should be in good working conditions
       • Use the recommended chemical concentration
       • Complete wetting of the animal
       • Animal should be property restrained (First 2x1 = 2mks)
    4. Strip/bucket pump. (1x1 = 1)
20.                  
    1. Explain eight functions you can carry out in a crush. (8 marks)
       • Spraying livestock against external parasites
       • Identifying the livestock by branding, ear tagging, ear notching
       • Vaccination against notifiable diseases
       • Administering prophylactic drugs to livestock in control of diseases
       • Treating livestock with other medicants like antihelminths.
       • Dehorning livestock to avoid risks of horns.
       • Pregnancy, testing in identification of fertility.
       • Artificial insemination in avoidance of natural mating.
       • Taking body temperature in checking for fever.
       • Hoof trimming to avoid foot rot.
       • Milking the cows twice a day.
    2. Describe six advantages of rotational grazing. (6 marks)
       • Maximum use of the pasture is made by livestock.
       • Buildup of pests and diseases is reduced
       • Animals faecal material is distributed evenly in all paddocks,
       • Pastures are given time to regrow before grazing is done again.
       • Excess pastures can be harvested and conserved.
       • Fertilizers reseeding and weeding can be done on pastures that are not in use.
    3. Describe six effects of parasites on livestock. (6 marks)
       • Suck large volumes of blood causing anaemia in livestock.
       • Deprive the host livestock food by extracting nutrients from the alimentary canal of the host animal.
       • Injury and damage to tissues and organs mainly the skin and internal organs damaged during migration causing haemorrhage.
       • The wounds created on the hides and skins are entry points of disease pathogens and infection.
       • Many parasites are vectors of infectious diseases spreading them to other livestock.
       • When parasites bite the livestock on their hides and skins they create irritation.
       • Obstruction of internal organs mainly the small intestines occurs when internal parasites accumulate causing constipation.
21.                    
    1. Describe eight short term services that should be done to a farm tractor.(8 marks)
       • Engine oil should be checked daily by use of a dip stick and added if the level is low.
       • The fuel should also be checked if low added.
       • Water level should also be checked in the radiator and topped up.
       • The electrolyte in the battery should be checked and topped up if below the plates.
       • Bolts and nuts should be tightened daily.
       • Greasing the nipples of the tractor is necessary.
       • Sediments should be removed from the sedimentary bowl.
       • Tyre pressure should be checked in the tyres and adjusted every day.
       • The fan belt tension should be checked so that it can charge the battery by running the generator.
       • Brake shaft bearing should be greased.
    2. Explain five reasons for maintaining farm tools and equipment. (5 marks)
       • Increase the durability of tools and equipment to last long.
       • To reduce the replacement cost hence save on spending excessively.
       • Increase efficiency so that work can be down with comfort without stress.
       • Avoid injuries to the user that is done by blunt tools or those with poor handles.
       • Avoid damage to the tools that may include breakages to the tools if poorly maintained.
    3. Causes of long calving intervals
       • Poor health
       • Poor nutrition
       • Poor selection
       • Incorrect time of service
       • Irregular heat signs
       • High milk production
       • Type of breed
       • Poor breeding methods
22.                
    1. Describe ten uses of fences on a farm. (10 marks)
       • Provide security from thieves, wildlife, trespassers.
       • Enable paddocking/rotational grazing/mixed farming
       • Control parasites and diseases by keeping away neighbouring animals
       • Demarcating the boundaries.
       • Live, fences act as windbreakers and shelter belts.
       • Provide aesthetic value to the farm
       • Increase the farm land value
       • Help in soil and water conservation in case of hedges
       • Hedges may be a source of fruits and their trimmings a source of fodder, firewood, compost manure.
       • Provide privacy
       • Isolation of animals for different purposes like treatment, gestation, bull isolation.
    2. Explain ten factors a farmer should consider in the construction of farm structures. (10*1marks)
       • Sitting in relation to other buildings farm activities, security, accessibility, drainage.
       • Orientation in relation to the prevailing wind direction and sunlight.
       • Purpose and design is usually for the purpose intended considering the climate and size of the enterprise.
       • Materials should account for the cost, availability, durability.
       • Capital will depend on the cost of the structure and finances available.
       • Flexibility by alternative uses of the structure.
       • Required skill considering the skill required and that available on the farm.
       • Government regulations have to be followed.
       • Type of the building is also considered whether permanent or temporary.
       • Future expansion is also considered while constructing.