INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES
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This paper consist of three sections; A, B and C
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Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
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This paper has twenty-four questions. The candidate should ascertain that all the questions are printed.
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All questions must be answered in the answer foolscap provided.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
QUESTION |
MAXIMUM SCORE |
CANDIDATE SCORE |
1-17 |
25 |
|
15 |
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15 |
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15 |
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15 |
||
15 |
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TOTAL |
100 |
QUESTIONS
SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section.
- Give two aspects of human activities studied in political history. (1 mark)
- Name two reasons why early human lived on trees. (1mks)
- Give two ways in which the Sumerians reclaimed their land. (2mks)
- Highlight one type of indirect democracy. (1mk)
- Identify the main item of trade from West Africa during the Trans-Saharan Trade. (1 mark)
- Highlight two disadvantages of animal transport (2mks)
- Identify two forms of messages relayed by the use of drum beats in the ancient times. (2marks)
- State two disadvantages of using electricity as a source of energy. (2marks).
- Give the main reason why the golden stool was important in the Asante Empire.(2mks
- State two factors which led to the growth of Meroe as an urban Centre. (2 marks)
- Give one characteristic of human rights. (1 mark)
- dentify the main method which was used by the European powers to suppress resisting African communities (1mark)
- Identify two European activities in Africa during the 19th century. (1 marks)
- Identify two types of nationalism in South Africa during the struggle for majority rule (2mks)
- Identify two economic results of the First World War. (2 marks)
- What is ‘veto power’ as used by the United Nations? (1 mark)
- Name the two financial institutions which were established by the United Nations after the Second World War. (1 marks)
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- Give five reasons why Africa is believed to be the cradle of mankind. (5mks)
- Describe the culture of early man during the new Stone Age (10mks)
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- State three early source of energy (3mks)
- Explain six factors that undermine industrialization in South Africa. (12mks)
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- State five social factors for the scramble and partition of African by the European powers (5mks)
- Explain six positive effects of Maji Maji rebellion in Tanganyika. (10mks)
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- List five methods used by nationalists in Mozambique to fight for independence. (5mks)
- Explain five problems the nationalists faced in their struggle against colonial rule in South Africa. (10mks)
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- Give five causes of first world war (1914-1918) (5mks)
- Discuss six political effects of Second World War (10mks)
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- State five characteristics of the commonwealth organization (5mks)
- Explain five causes of the cold war (10mks)
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- Highlight three financial institutions established by the African Union. (3 marks)
- Describe six factors undermining the activities of African Union since its formation in 2001. (12mks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Give two aspects of human activities studied in political history. (l mark)
- Laws and order
- Systems of government
- Security
- Constitution making (any2x1=2mks
- Name one reason why early human lived on trees. (1 mk)
- For security
- To obtain food
(1x1=1mk)
- Give two ways in which the Sumerians reclaimed their land. (2mks)
- Built dykes to control flooding
- They irrigated dry land
- Built canal to drain water (2x1=2mks)
- Highlight one type of indirect democracy. (1mk)
- Parliamentary
- Presidential
- Composite/local authority (any 1×1)
- Identify the main item of trade from West Africa during the Trans-Saharan Trade. (1 mark)
- gold (1×1)
- Highlight two disadvantages of animal transport (2mks)
- Animals may be attacked by wild animals
- They carried smaller loads compared to motor vehicles
- It is slow and tedious mode of transport
- Pack animals could be stubborn when tired or healthy loaded
- The animals can only cover a limited distance (any 2×1-2 mks)
- Identify two forms of messages relayed by the use of drum beats in the ancient times. (2marks)
- Declaring of the war
- Arrival of strangers
- Impending danger
- Announcement of death
- Summoning for a meeting
- Community ceremonies and festivals. (2x1=2mks)
- State two disadvantages of using electricity as a source of energy. (2marks)
- It can cause fire/destruction of property.
- It can electrocute/cause loss of life.
- It is expensive to generate/distribute.
- Potential sites for its production are limited.
- It requires well trained personnel for installing/ maintenance. (2x1=2mks)
- Give the main reason why the golden stool was important in the Asante Empire. (1 mark)
- it united the people/it was a symbol of unity (1 x 1 = 1 mark)
- State two factors which led to the growth of Meroe as an urban centre. (2 marks)
- It was intersection/junction of many trade routes
- It was a mining centre/iron working
- the area had fertile soil
- It had abundant wood (Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
- Give one characteristic of human rights. ( 1mark)
- They are universal
- They are indivisible
- They have limitations
- They may be suspended
- They are inalienable (1 x 1 = 1mark)
- Identify the main method which was used by the European powers to suppress resisting African communities (1mark)
- Military force/expedition / conquests. (1 x 1 = 1mark)
- Identify two European activities in Africa during the 19th century. (2 marks)
- trading/legitimate trade;
- spreading Christianity;
- exploring;
- establishing settlements;
- establishing colonial rule/colonization.
- establishing Western education.
- establishing health facilities.
- mining.
- Agricultural activities.
- stopping slave trade and slavery. (Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
- Identify one types of nationalism in South Africa during the struggle for majority rule(1 mark)
- African
- Afrikaner
- British (Any 1 x 1 = 1 mark)
- Identify two economic results of the First World War. (2 marks)
- European governments spent huge sums of money.
- There was massive destruction of property.
- It led to economic depression/employment/starvation/unemployment.
(Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
- What is ‘veto power’ as used by the United Nations? (1 mark)
- A decision cannot be adopted if any of the permanent members of the Security Council votes against it. - (1x 1 = 1mark) (1 mark)
- Name one financial institutions which were established by the United Nations after the Second World War. (1 mark)
- The World Bank/The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
- International Monetary Fund.(I.M.F) (Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks)
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- Give five reasons why Africa is believed to be the cradle of mankind. (5mks)
- Presence of savannah grassland which had abundant food supply.
- Warm tropical climate was ideal for man existence.
- All seasons/permanent rivers in Africa provided early man with water.
- Discovery of numerous archaeological sites in Africa where early fossils were found.
- Geographically, Africa was located at the centre of pages.
(1x5) 5 Marks
- Describe the culture of early man during the new stone Age (10mks)
- Made advanced stone tools called microlith – which were small in size, efficient and effective.
- Domesticated both animals and plant.
- Lived a settled life (sedentary life)
- Introduced religion, buried the dead with their belonging with a believe that they use in the next world.
- Government was introduced; rules/laws and regulations were introduced to the society.(leadership developed)
- Lived in huts made of the branches
- Hunting and gathering
- Clothing; used animal skins as clothes
- Give five reasons why Africa is believed to be the cradle of mankind. (5mks)
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- State three early source of energy (3mks)
- Wood
- Wind
- Water
- Explain six factors that undermine industrialization in South Africa. (12mks)
- Long periods of colonization
- Pour transport and communication
- Lack of capital
- Political instability (Xenophobia) scaring away foreign investors.
- Stiff competition from developed countries
- Poverty – low purchasing power.
- Brain drain
- Hiv/AIDS
- Poor technology
- State three early source of energy (3mks)
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- State five social factors for the scramble and partition of African by the European powers (5mks)
- Missionary demand for security
- Rise of racism and paternalism
- They wanted to settle European surplus population
- They wanted to abolishes lame trade (humanitarian factors)
- Role of influential individual in Europe like Kaul Peter and Harry Johnson who encourage empire building in oversees.
- Explain six positive effects of Maji Maji rebellion. (10mks)
- Corporal punishment was abolished
- African were involve in administration as AKidars and Jumbes
- African were allowed to grow cotton on their own.
- Force labour on public work and European farm was stopped.
- Colonial government provided better educational and medical services to Africans.
- Extra taxation on Africans were stopped.
- Kiswahili was recognized as the official language in Tanganyika.
- State five social factors for the scramble and partition of African by the European powers (5mks)
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- List five methods used by in Mozambique to fight for independence. (5mks)
- Mass media
- Formation of political parties
- Guerrilla warfare
- Strike/boycotts.
- Appeal for external support
- State the problems that the nationalist faced in their struggle against colonial rule in South Africa. (10mks)
- Arrest and imprisonment e.g Nelson Mandela.
- The apartheid regime used curfew and pass law to regulate their movement.
- Nationalists were forced into exile.
- Media was banned and editors arrested and jailed i.e the weekend world.
- Ban on African political parties in 1960.
- Assassination and massacre stive Biko and school children were killed in Sharpeville massacre of June 1960.
- List five methods used by in Mozambique to fight for independence. (5mks)
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- Give five causes of first world war (1914-1918) (5mks) i)Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
- Arms race.
- Formation of alliances.
- Development of nationalism.
- Desire for revenge.
- Rivalry over colonial possession.
- The Moroccan crisis.
- The Italo-Turkish dispute over Libya.
- The Balkan crisis/wars. ( Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks)
- Discuss five political effects of Second World War (10mks)
- Partition of Germany into East and West Germany
- Emergency of USA and USSR as superpower
- Rise of nationalism in Asia and Africa.
- Formation of United Nations Organisation ((UNO)
- The state of Israel was created in settle Jews
- The collapse of dictatorship in Western Europe ( Any 5 x2 = 10 marks)
- Emergency of the cold war
- Give five causes of first world war (1914-1918) (5mks) i)Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
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- State five characteristics of the common wealth organization
- English is used as a common language
- They maintain cultural ties through games and sports
- They cooperate in the field of education through exchange programs
- The queen of England is recognized as the head of the organization
- They have a common military traditions based on the British military system
- They share common democratic institutions like the civil services (5x1=5mks)
- Explain five causes of cold war
- Ideological differences between the superpowers i.e capitalism and communism
- Arms race
- Economic rivalry between the super powers i.e marshal plan and COMECON
- Formation of military alliances i.e NATO and WARSAW pact
- Use of Russian veto powers in the UN
- Differences over Germany (5x2=10mks)
- State five characteristics of the common wealth organization
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- Highlight three financial institutions established by the African Union.(3 marks)
- The African monetary fund
- The African central bank
- The African investment bank ( Any 3x 1 = 3 marks)
- Describe six factors undermining the activities of African Union since its formation in 2001. (12 marks)
- Border disputes between member states creates disunity in the continent.
- Lack of democracy in some countries has contributed to the inability to end human rights abuses/violations.
- Interference of African affairs by the developed countries undermine union’s effort to implement its policies.
- Ideological differences between some African stations creates divisions within the union thus making it difficult to reach an agreement.
- Lack of a standing army renders the union ineffective in implanting the decisions which requires military intervetions.
- personality differences between the leaders undermine the unity
- divided loyalty as membe3rs states also belonged to the other organizations.
- inadequate funds make it difficult for the union to fulfill all its obligations.
- due to neo-colonialism some member states are more attached to their former colonial masters at the expense
- external interference in African affairs undermines implementations of policies by the union
- political instabilities in many member states makes it difficult to implement some of the programmes of the union.
- Highlight three financial institutions established by the African Union.(3 marks)
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