Instructions to Candidates
- This paper consist of TWO sections; A and B.
- Answer ALL the questions in section A and B
- ALL working MUST be clearly shown. Mathematical tables, electronic calculators and slide rules may be used.
Take: c = 3.0 x 108m/s, h = 6.64 x 10-34Js
QUESTIONS
SECTION A: 25 MARKS
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
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- State one unique characteristic of a diode in relation to conduction of current (1 mark)
- Figure 1 shows a simple circuit. Use it to answer the question that follows.
Figure 1
State and explain the voltmeter reading when switch S is closed (2 marks)
- A sound vibrator produces sound waves inside the water. State and explain what would happen to its wavelength at the interface. (2 marks)
- A radioactive carbon – 14 decays to nitrogen by beta emissions as shown.
Determine the values of X and Y in the equation
X=.. .. (1mark)
Y = .. (1mark) - Give a reason why soft iron is used as a core of the coil of an electric bell. (1 mark)
- An X-ray tube is set to produce X-rays to penetrate human tissues, what adjustment would be made for the X-rays to penetrate a metal slab. (1 mark)
- Figure 2 shows light travelling from more optically dense to less optically dense medium.
Figure 2- Show the direction of the refracted ray. (1 mark)
- If the refractive index of the denser medium is 1.42, calculate the angle of refraction. (2 marks)
- A building standing 200m from a pinhole camera produces on the screen of the camera an image 5.0cm behind the pinhole. Determine the actual height of the building. (3 marks)
- Figure 3 shows a method of magnetizing a material.
Figure 3- State the method of magnetization described below. (1 mark)
- On the space provided, draw a diagram to show how the dipoles would appear after magnetization (1 mark)
- State the polarity at A and B after magnetization (1mark)
- Microwaves form part of the electromagnetic spectrum. State two uses of microwaves (2 marks)
- Figure 4 shows wave fronts approaching a concave surface.
Figure 4
Complete the diagram to show the wave fronts formed after striking the surface. Show how the focal point of the surface is located (2 marks) - Figure 5 shows a hollow positively charged sphere with metal disk attached to an insulator placed inside.
Figure 5
State and explain what would happen to the leaf of an uncharged electroscope if the metal disk were brought near the cap of electroscope. (2 marks) - State two factor to be considered in constructing a paper capacitor. (2 marks)
SECTION B: (55 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
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- Battery of e.m.f. 12V supplies a current of 10A for 5 minutes. Determine the amount of electrical energy produced. (2 marks)
- Figure 6 shows a graph of resistance against reciprocal of current. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
- Find the internal resistance, r . (2 marks)
- Determine the e.m.f, E of the cell. (2 marks)
- Draw a circuit diagram to show the set-up used to generate the above graph (2 marks)
- Draw a circuit diagram to show how a 12V battery may be used to operate efficiently 3 head lamp bulbs each marked 6V, 24W. (2 marks)
- Calculate the current supplied by the battery in (d) above. (2 marks)
- Calculate the total effective resistance of the bulbs in (d) above. (2 marks)
- Figure 7 shows a graph of photoelectric current against frequency. Use it to answer questions that follow.
- What does the term fo stand for in the graph above? (1 mark) .
- Explain what the graph shows in terms of photoelectric emission. (2 marks)
- The work function of a metal is 6.4 x 10-19J
- Explain what is meant by the term work function (1 mark)
- Light with a frequency of 1.2 x 1015Hz is shone onto the metal surface. Find out whether or not the photons of this light will cause the photoelectric effect to take place. (3 marks)
- The light source is now replaced with a light source which produces light with a frequency of 1.5 x 1015Hz. The photons from this source contain more energy than is required to release electrons.
- Determine the extra energy available after the electron has been released. (3 marks)
- What is the extra energy calculated above converted to? (1mark)
- Draw a circuit diagram to illustrate how photoelectric effect can be installed in a door to alert you when a stranger gets into your house (2 marks)
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- Define the term mutual induction (1 mark)
- In mutual induction, the induced current is higher in the secondary coil when current in the primary coil is switched off. Explain (2 marks)
- State one application of mutual induction (1 mark)
- Figure 8 shows a small magnet attached to a spring.
Figure 8
The magnet is set oscillating up and down.- State the polarity at X when the magnet is moving down. (1 mark)
- Explain the cause of the deflection of the pointer of galvanometer (2 marks)
- If the switch at S is open, the magnet will take longer to come to rest. Explain (2 marks)
- A power station has an output of 25kW at a potential difference of 5kV. A transformer with a primary coil of 1000 turns is used to step-up the voltage to 132kV for transmission along a grid. Assuming there are no power losses in the transformer. Calculate:
- Current in the primary coil (2 marks)
- Number of turns of the secondary coil (2 marks)
- Explain why it is inefficient to use low voltage when transmitting electricity (1 mark)
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- Figure 9 shows a torch bulb placed at the principal focus of a parabolic reflector.
Figure 9
Using ray diagram show how the set up can be used a headlight (2 marks) - Figure 10 shows a concave mirror with a wide aperture.
Figure 10
Using a ray diagram show how spherical aberration occurs. (2 marks) - Using the mirror formula, show that mf = v - f,where m is magnification, f is the focal length and v is the image distance. (3 marks)
- The graph in figure 11 shows the variation of magnification, M with image distance, for a concave mirror.
From the graph determine:- The object position when the image position is 45cm (2 marks)
- The focal length of the mirror. (2 marks)
- A 4.0 cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 35.5 cm from a convex mirror having a focal length of 12.0 cm. Determine the image distance (3 marks)
- Figure 9 shows a torch bulb placed at the principal focus of a parabolic reflector.
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