History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Alliance Mock Examinations 2022

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section.

1. Identify two archaeological sources on information on History and Government. (2marks)
2. Give the main difference between man and other apes. (1mark)
3. Identify two urban centres that developed as a result of early agriculture in Egypt. (2 marks)
4. Name the area where hides and skins were acquired from during the Trans-Saharan trade (1mark)
5. Give two limitations of using animal transport. (2marks)
6. Identify two birds that were used as messengers. (2marks)
7. Give one use of Branze in Mesopotamia. (1mark)
8. Give one way in which centralization of authority contributed to the rise of the Buganda kingdom. (1mark)
9. Define the term constitution. (1mark)
10. State two principles of democracy. (2marks)
11. Give one way in which industrial revolution contributed to colonization of Africa by the Europeans. (1mark)
12.  Apart from Nkrumah name two other leaders who were arrested in Ghana after the Accra riots of 28th July 1948. (2marks)
13. Apart from the treaty of Versailles with Germany, identify two other treaties signed between the allies and each of the five central powers. (2 marks)
14. What was the main ideological difference between Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Kasavubu? (1mark)
15. Give the main function of the Commonwealth fund for technical cooperation (2marks)
16. Name the chair of "The All-African People's Conference" of 1958 in the Pan - African Movement, (1mark)
17. Identify one type of election held for the House of Commons in Britain? (1mark)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions in this section

18.      
    1. State three ways in which the Sumerians reclaimed land for agriculture. (3marks)
    2. Discuss six benefits of settling in villages during the late stone age. (12marks)
19.    
    1. Give three reasons for the decline of Meroe. (3marks)
    2. Explain six factors for the decline of Triangular trade. (12marks)
20.    
    1. Give five reforms introduced by the Germans in Tanganyika after the Majimaji rebellion. (3marks)
    2. Explain five significance of the Buganda agreement of 1900. (10marks)
21.    
    1. State five ways through which the attainment of independence of Ghana contributed to liberation of other African countries from colonial rule. (5marks)
    2. Explain five differences between the use of British indirect rule and French assimilation policy. (10marks)

SECTION C

22.      
    1. State three achievements of the Non-Aligned Movement. (3marks)
    2. Explain six political causes of the First World War. (12marks)
23.      
    1. Name three African leaders who attended the 1945 Pan-African Conference in Manchester. (3marks)
    2. Explain six political challenges experienced by the Democratic Republic of Congo at independence. (12 marks)
24.    
    1. State five significance of the British monarch. (5marks)
    2. Describe five functions of the President of India. (10marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.      
   1. Remains of tools
   2. Remains of utensils
   3. Remains of garments
   4. Remains of coins
   5. Remains of plants
   6. Remains of animal/humans
2. Mental capacity/capability
3.      
   1. Memphis
   2. Aswan
   3. Thebes
   4. Akhctaten 
4. Hausaland
5.      
   1. Some are stubborn eg the donkey.
   2. it is limited to be used during the day
   3. It is time consuming because it is slow.
   4. Animals are affected by poor health/injuries/attacked by wild animals.
   5. Rugged terrain/extreme weather conditions hamper the movement of animals.
6.    
   1. Doves
   2. Pigeons
   3. Parrots
7.      
   1. To make utensils
   2. To make ornaments/decorations
   3. To make weapons such as swords and spears
   4. To make tools eg axes
8.      
   1. It enhanced effective control of the Kingdom in
   2. It promoted control of other traditional leaders thus unity.
   3. It enhanced loyalty in one single ruler.
   4. It led to the emergence of able Kabaka who propelled the Kingdom.
9. A set of agreed principles and rules which states the structure and powers of zovernment and the relationship between the governor and the governed
10.      
    1. Freedom of speech debate and inquiry
    2. Multi-party system.
    3. Open and accountable mass media.
    4. Economic democracy/ economic freedom and empowerment.
    5. Equality before the law.
11.      
    1. The need for raw materials for industries in Europe.
    2. Desire to establish new markets for their manufactured goods.
    3. Desire by the Europen industrialists to invest the surplus capital.
12.    
    1. J.B. Danquah
    2. William Ofori
    3. Addo
    4. Adjei
    5. Obetsebi Lamptey
13.      
    1. Treaty of St. Germain with Austria.
    2. Treaty of Trianon with Hungary
    3. Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria
    4. Treaty of Sevres/Treaty of Lausanne with Turkey
14. Lumumba preferred a centralized unitary system to hold the country together while Kasavubu preferred a federal system.
15. Provides advice, expertise and training to member states. 
16. Tom Mboya of Kenya
17.      
    1. General elections
    2. By-elections
18.      
    1.    
       1. They built banks/dykes along rivers to stop flooding.
       2. They dug ditches to drain water from swamps.
       3. They used canals to irrigate the land.
       4. They used shadoof to draw water to irrigate the land
    2.    
       1. There was security as people could protect themselves against enemies.
       2. Living as a large group enabled people to work together hence accomplishing tasks with ease.
       3. Settling in villages assured mana permanent dwelling thereby reducing movement.
       4. Man begun growing crops thereby ensuring regular food supply
       5. Man domesticated animals which provided animal products thereby reducing his hunting activities.
       6. Living in villages promoted interactions thereby increasing social cohesion/sharing ideas/resources
       7. People were able to exchange goods and services hence getting what they did not have/barter trade.
    3. It enabled them to build better shelter thereby protecting themselves from harsh weather conditions.
19.      
    1.    
       1. The collapse of agricultural activities
       2. Reduced trading activities
       3. External attacks from the Kingdom of Axum
    2.    
       1. The introduction of machines/industrialization in Britain which replaced buman labour leading to decline of demand for slaves.
       2. Slave labour was perceived by economists to be less profitable/less productive compared to free labour.
       3. The campaign against slave trade/slavery by philanthropists/missionaries who declared it evil/inhuman.
       4. Propagation of liberty/equality of human beings following the French Revolution encouraged fair treatment of all people.
       5. The development of legitimate trade which was more profitable and replaced slave trade.
       6. The sizning of treaties abolishing slave trade/slavery by Britain influenced other countries to adopt the same
       7. The attainment o independence hy USA in 1776 left Britain without colonies where staves could work
       8. The closure of slave market in America after the American civil war left slave dealers with no market for their slaves.
       9. The decline of the demand for sugar in European market as Erance produced cheap sugar.
       10. Slave revolts/rebellion in Haiti, Jamaica and British Guyana
       11. Contributions of Africans to stop slave trade eg. King Nzinga of Congo
20.      
    1.    
       1. Rejection of extra taxation on Africans.
       2. Corporal punishment was abolished
       3. They stopped forced labour
       4. Communal cotton growing was abolished.
       5. Germans tried to rule leniently through some recognized African chiefs
       6. Medical and educational facilities for Africans were improved bil Kiswahili became an official language
       7. Newspapers that incited settlers against Africans were censored
       8. Colonial department of the German government was set up to investigate and monitor the affairs of the colony
    2.    
       1. It gave legitimacy to the British claims over Buganda as opposed to other European powers
       2. The Baganda chiefs and ministers acquired new power and influence such as the right to sellest land rent.
       3. The power of the Kabaka over land was reduced since he could no longer freely distribute land
       4. It legitimized annexation of counties from Bunyoro which created animosity between the two kingdoms
       5. Distribution of land created bitterness among peasants.
       6. Apollo Kawa, the Buganda Katikiro became a powerful personality and assisted the British to implement indirect rule in Uganda.
       7. Rupanda chiefs were used to administer other regions thus Buganda helped the British to extend their nule to the rest of Uganda.
       8. The Kabaka acquired new prestige, be was consulted before new taxation measures.could be imposed on Buganda.
       9. led to the conquest of Buganda and the rest of Buganda by the British.
       10. It gave usando a central role with the Kingdom-the Kingdom was favored over others.
21.      
    1.    
       1. Motivated other African countries to strengthen their independence struggle.
       2. Nkrumah became more vocal in agitating for the course of other nationalists.
       3. Ghana gave financial support to other African liberation movements.
       4. Ghana allowed some African nationalists to establish their military base in the country
       5. Ghana played a leading role in the formation of OAU which was instrumental in the liberation other states.
    2.    
       1. The British used traditional rulers as chiefs while French appointed assimilated persons to become chiefs.
       2. African traditional rulers under British rule retained most of their powers whereas chiefs under French rule had limited powers
       3. British colonies were administered as separate territories while the French colonies were administered as provinces of France
       4. Most French administrators were military officers while the British administrators were both professionals and non-professionals
       5. Africans in French colonies were represented in the French Chamber of Deputies in France while in British colonies, laws were made in the British House of Commons
       6. Assimilated Africans in French colonies became full French citizens while the British colonies, educated Africans remained colonial subjects
       7. British Indirect rule preserved African cultures while assimilation undermined African culture.
22.      
    1.    
       1. It advocated for political freedom which led to attainment of Independence of countries under colonial rule.
       2. It kept off military activities of two superpowers which helped to reduce international tensions.
       3. It provided a forum where members volced their concerns
       4. It encouraged members to put their national interests before those of superpowers.
       5. its member states have helped to solve conflicts.
       6. it condemned arms race among countries.
       7. It has enabled members to vote as a block thereby influencing world affairs.
       8. It has helped its members to safeguard national security/territorial integrity
       9. It raised funds to cushion frontline states from the effects of sanctions imposed on them by the Apartheid regime.
       10. A new economic order was emerged due to increased trade among members.
       11. It has created a new scientific/technological order, so as to bridge the gap between the developed and developing countries
    2.    
       1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
       2. Arms race
       3. Formation of Alliances
       4. Development of nationalism
       5. Desire for revenge
       6. Rivalry over colonial possession/colonial rivalry
       7. The Moroccan crisis
       8. The Italo-Turkish dispute over Libya.
       9. The Balkan crisis/war
23.      
    1.    
       1. Jomo Kenyatta
       2. Julius Nyerere
       3. Kwame Nkrumah
       4. Leopold Senghor
       5. Kamozu Banda
       6. Nnadi Azikiwe
       7. Peter Abrahams
       8. Obafemi Awolowo
    2.    
       1. Political and ideological differences between Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Kasavubu.
       2. The Killing of Belgium nationals following the army mutiny created a state of lawlessness.
       3. Belgium interference in the affairs of the country undermined the independence of Africans/UNO interference.
       4. Personality differences among leaders ignited conflict amongst their followers too.
       5. Africans were ill prepared for independence hence the government lacked adequate personnel with management skills to run the government.
       6. Political assassination created differences among leaders/followers thereby creating tension in the country.
       7. Secession of some regions Kasal/Kasanga caused instability in the central government hence weakened it.
       8. The mutiny staged by some African soldiers created a state of lawlessness.
       9. Ethnic differences divided the country.
       10. Competition for political dominance by political parties polarized the country thereby undermining unity.
24.    
    1.    
       1. Contributes to better understanding between Britain and other countries 
       2. Provides continuity to the executive authority
       3. is a symbol of Commonwealth unity.
       4. It sets the standards for social life.
       5. Inspires the head of government with a sense of responsibility/dignity.
       6. Acts as a useful counsellor of the head of the government
    2.    
       1. He/she dissolves/calls for elections of the Lower House of Parliament/Lok Sabha/ House of the Peopls
       2. The president assents/vetoes bills that have been passed by Parliament.
       3. The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
       4. The president appoints state governors/attorney general/Supreme Court judges.
       5. The president declares a state of emergency when national security is threatened.
       6. The president appoints the Prime Minister on advice of Parliament/He/she calls the leader of the winning party to form government
       7. He/she is a symbol of national unity.
       8. He/she establishes special councils to arbitrate on Interstate disputes
       9. He/she nominates 12 members to the Council of State/Upper House/Rajya Sabha.
       10. He/she is the leader of the political party that nominates him for elections.
       11. He/she pardons offenders
       12. He/she makes regulations on certain union territories.
       13. "The peak of one mountain is the foot of the next, keep climbing