Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Alliance Mock Examinations 2022

Instruction to Candidates

• This paper consists of three section A, B. and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B. 
• Answer any two questions in section c. 
• Candidates should answer the question in English.

SECTION A (30MKS)  

1. State three management practices that should be carried out in wheel barrow. (1½mks)
2. Outline two cultural importance of livestock.    (1 mk)
3. Give four reasons why a dairy farmer would prefer to keep jersey cattle breed to Friesian breed?  (2mks)
4. Give the distinguishing color for each of the following breeds of livestock.  (1 mk)
   
   1. Duroc jersey pig.
   2. Saanen
5. State any two prophylactic measures used in livestock health.    (1mks)
6. Give the nutritional disorder that results from deficiency of the following minerals. (1mk
   
   1. copper
   2. iodine
7. State two precaution measures that should be taken when handling vaccines.   (1mk)
8. Which two hormones are responsible for milk let down?    (1mk)
9. Give two disadvantages of water power as a source of farm power.   (1 mk)
10. Give two advantages of complete milking.   (1mk)
11. Using pearsons square method compute 250kg ration with 25% DCP from cotton seed cake which contains 18%DCP and from wheat bran which contains 36% DCP. (3mks)
12. State two use of a donkey in the farm,   (1mk)
13. Why is a calf pen raised above the ground level?     (1mk)
14. State two reasons of tailing in sheep.   (1mk)
15. Give two uses of a gearbox in a tractor.    (1mk)
16. Name the rabbit breed that give high quality fur.    (½ mk)
17. Give one reason as to why animals suffering from milk fever should never be given medicine through the mouth.    (2mks)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)        

18. Below is diagram of a farm implement. Study it answer questions that follow.
           
    
    1. Identify the implement.   (1mk)
    2. Name parts labeled. (2 mks)
       1..........
       2..........
       5........
       8.........
    3. Give a function of each of the parts you have named above.   (2mks)
    4. Give the main function of the machinery illustrated above.   (1mk)
19. The diagram below represents an external parasite.
           
    
    1. Identify the parasite.   (1mk)
    2. Discuss the parasite under the following subheadings
       1. Main animal affected.   (1mk)
       2. Harmful effects.   (2mks)
       3. Control measures.   (2mks)
20. The diagram below represents a livestock management practice.
           
    
    1. Name the livestock identification method illustrated above. (2mks)
       X--------
       Y------
    2. Give an example of an animal where each of the practice is done. (2mks)
    3. Name the tool used to carry out practice labeled (1mk)

SECTION C(40MKS)     
Select any two questions.

21.  
    1. Explain five reasons for maintaining tools and equipments.   (5mks)
    2. Describe the physical signs of good health in an animal.  (4mks)
    3. State six functions of water in an animal's diet.   (6mks)
    4. Give the procedure of preparing artificial colostrums.    (5mks)
22.  
    1. Discuss six factors that should be considered when selecting construction materials.   (6mks)
    2. Explain the life cycle of two host tick.   (6 mks)
    3. Explain four conditions that should be met by all livestock housing structures. (4mks) 
    4. Explain three differences between ruminants and non-ruminants.  (3mks) 
23.  
    1. state six control measures of egg eating in poultry management.    (6mks)
    2. Discuss the functions of materials and equipments that are needed in milking. (7mks) 
    3. compare characteristics of indigenous cattle to those of exotic breeds of cattle. (7mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.  
   • Grease or oil lubrication moving part to prevent friction
   • Prevent friction
   • Ensure that the tyre is inflated/ has enough pressure
   • painted to prevent rusting
   • Replace broken handles
2.  
   • Sign of wealth (status symbol
   • Medium of exchange
   • Social ceremonies (marriage, funerals)
   • Recreational puropses e.g bull fighting
3.  
   • Jersey has small stomach (body) hence requires less food
   • Produce milk with high butterfat
   • Matures fast (reach service age at 15 to 18 months)
   • Its an excellent grazer in poor pastures
4.  
   1. Pure blck
   2. White
5.  
   • Use of prophylactic drugs
   • Carrying out vaccinations
   • Control of vectors or pahrasites
   • Treatment of sick animals
6.  
   1. Swayback
   2. Goiter
7.  
   • Should be kept under freezing temperatures
   • Vaccination equi[pment's should be sterilized
   • Correct dosage followed
   • Correct route administration
8.  
   • Oxytocin
   • Adrenaline
9.  
   • Most rivers are seasonal
   • Expensive to harness
   • Most farms are not near large volume of morning water
10.  
    • Prevent mastitis
    • The last drops of milk with high butterfat
11.   
    
12.  
    • Source of animal power
    • To pull cart plough
    • To carry load at the back.
13.  
    • To prevent dampness which may lead to pneumonia and build up of parasites diseases
14.  
    • Ease in movement
    • Prevent blowfly infestation
    • Facilitate tupping or mating
    • To allow even distribution to fat.
15.  
    • Allow change of speed
    • Allow driver to select any forward gear.
    • Allow driver to select reverse gears
    • Allow driver to stop without suddenly stopping the engine
16.  
    • Chinchilla
17.  
    • It will not be able to swallow medicine
    • The medicine may get into the lung promoting lung fever which speed up death.
18.    
    1. Combine harvester
    2.  
       • 1 - Cutter bar
       • 2 - Pick up reel
       • 5 - Threshing drum
       • 8 - Delivery tube
    3.  
       • 1 - Cuts the grains head
       • 2 - Direct crop to the cutter bar
       • 5 - Break and shake grains from the stalks
       • 8 - Delivers clean grains into a collect tank
    4. cuts and threshes grains and certain other crops.
19.  
    1. Biting louse accept louse
    2.  
       1. Poultry
       2.  
          • Irritation
          • Emaciation or weakness
          • Loss production in birds
          • Anaemic conditions
       3. Control measures
          • Apply insecticides in the house
          • Spray the animal with appropriate insecticide
          • Keep house clean
          • Sodiumfluoride dusted on each bird
20.   
    1.  
       • X - ear tattooing
       • Y - branding
    2.  
       • X - cattle. pigs, rabbits
       • Y - cattle, donkey and camel
    3.  
       • X - A pair of pliers
       • Y - branding iron
21.  
    1.  
       • To increase durability - cared tools last longer
       • To reduce the replacement cost no spending money every time to buy other tools
       • Avoid injury to the user e.g blunt tools lees to blisters on the hand of the user.
       • Avoid damage to the tools properly maintained tools do not damage the tools
       • Increased efficiency maintained tools work better     5 x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Physical signs of good health
       • General apperace of the animal - Health animal is alert, bright and able to carry its weight
       • Posture - has east and normal posture according to species while standing or lying down
       • Movement - has normal move about with ease no limping
       • Behavior - looks gentle and no excitement normal sound   4 x 1 = 4 marks
    3.  
       • Makes cells turgid maintaining shape
       • Regulate body temperature through sweating help in excretion of waste products from the body
       • Form part of criminal producing milk
       • It is a component of body cells and many body fluids e.g blood
       • Used in biochemical reaction of the form one part of the body to another
       • Responsible for transport of nutrition from one part of the body to another    6 x 1 = 6 marks
    4.  
       • Get 0.86 litres of water
       • Whip a fresh egg into the water
       • Add ½ litre of warm water
       • 1 tablespoonfu; of castor oil
       • Mix the ingredients thoroughly      5 x 1 = 5 marks
22.  
    1.  
       • Availability of materials should be cost of the materials - should be affordable
       • Suitability of materials - their suitable to the type of construction
       • Suitability of each type of materilas to the preventing weather conditions e.g hot areas thatch is good.
       • Durability - should be long lasting
       • Strength of the materilas should be strong
       • Workability - should be easy to work with
    2. 2 hosts tick cycle
       • Eggs on the ground hatch into larvae which climb on first host
       • It hatches itself and feed on blood become engorged (fall) and mount into a nymph
       • Nymph feed on the same host become engorged
       • Nymph falls on the ground mounts into adult
       • Adult climb on second host attach and fed on blood get engorged mate
       • Female drop on ground lay eggs    6 x 1 = 6 marks
    3. Condition of a good livestock
       • Easy to clean
       • Leak proof
       • Proper ventilation
       • Adequate space
       • Allow proper drainage
       • Well lit    4 x 1 = 4 marks
    4.  
       

       Ruminants

       Non- ruminants

       1. Chew the cud  2. Have four stomach chambers- thus polygastiric  3. Regurgitate food  4. Can digest cellulose. Have micro-organisms in the rumen that digest cellulose  5. Have no ptyalin in salive hence no enzymatic digestion in the mouth  6. Most digestion and absorption takes place in the rumens  7. Have alkaline saliva due to presence of ammonia

       1. Do not chew the cud 2. have one stomach chamber - thus monogastric 3. Cannot regurgitate food once swallowed 4. have no micro-organisms in the stomach hence cannot digest cellulose expect those animals with micro-organisms in the caecum 5. Have ptyalin in the salive hence enzymatic digestion starts in the mouth  6. Most digestion and absorption takes place in the small intestines 7. the saliva is the neutral in pH

23.    
    1. Control measures:
       1. Collect eggs regularly
       2. Make nests dark
       3. Feed birds on balanced ration
       4. Debeak perpetual egg- eaters
       5. Supply green leaves to keep birds busy
       6. Scatter grains in the litter to enable the birds  
    2. Explain the functions of the materials and equipment's
       • Under cloths or towels usually two per cow. One is for washing the other is for drying nthe uner
       • Milk jelly - smeared on teats after milking to prevent cracking of teats
       • Warm water
         • to wash before milking to remove dirt
         • It stimulates milk let down.
       • Filtering pods or milk strainer to sieve milk
       • Strip cup - detects mastitis
       • Milking bucket/pair - to hold milk during milking
       • Cooling apparatus (refrigerator, charcoal coolers) to keep the milk free from pathogens going bad.
       • Milking stool - milk man to sit on fot him to be comfortable for fast milking (7 minutes)
       • Weighing scale - take measurements of the amount of milk
       • Milk churn - hold milk during storgae and transportation
    3. Characteristics of indigenous and exotic cattle
       

       Indigenous	Exotic
       1. Have hump  2. Fairly tolerant to high temperatures ( reject not)  3. High tolerant to tropical diseases  4. Slow growth rate too ( latr maturity)  5. Low production of both meat and milk  6. Can walk for long distance in search of food and water.  7. Log calving intervals ( more than a year)  8. Can stay for a long period without food and water without seriously affecting their performance	1. Have a flat loin ( no hump )  2. Low tolerance to high temperatures  3. Low tolerance to tropical diseases  4. Fast growth rate ( early maturity)  5. High production  6. Are grazed in with animal structure lessmovement  7. Short calving intervals (1 year)  8. Cannot stay for a long period without food and if they do it seriously affects their weight and performance.