Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Lainaku II Joint Mock Examination 2023

Instructions to students

• This paper consists of three sections: A , B and C
• Answer all questions in sections A and B
• Answer any two questions in section C
• Candidate should answer the questions in English

SECTION A (30 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. State the functional difference between a rasp and a bustard file. (1 mark)
2. List two pork breeds of pigs. (1 mark)
3. Differentiate between the terms type and breed as used in livestock production when studying breeds of livestock. (2 marks)
4. Name two developmental stages of a liver fluke in water snail. (1 mark)
5. Name the term used to indicate the act of parturition in the following animals. (2marks)
   

   Animal	Parturition term used
   Cattle
   Pigs
   Sheep
   Goats

6. Give four importance of docking in sheep management (2 marks)
7. What does the term Epistasis mean in livestock improvement? (1 mark)
8. Give two disadvantages of using a spray race. (1 mark)
9. Outline four symptoms of coccidiosis disease in kids. (2 marks)
10. Name four causes of stress in a flock of layers. (2 marks)
11. State four advantages of natural feeding in calf rearing. (2 marks)
12. Give four implements that obtain power from power take off shaft (PTO) of a tractor. (2 marks)
13. State four harmful effects of keds. (melophagus ovinus). (2 marks)
14. List four enzymes produced in the jejunum. (2 marks)
15. Give two methods of applying acaricides on animals. ( 1 mark)
16. List four components of power transmission system. ( 2 marks)
17. Give four maintance practices carried out on chisels. (2 marks)
18. Name two bloodless methods of castration. (1 mark)
19. State two uses for which wind power is harnessed. (1 mark)

SECTION B (20 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

20. Study the farm structure below and answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. Identify the type of gate illustrated above. (1 mark)
    2. Distinguish between a pass and a gate. (1 mark)
    3. List four types of tools used in the establishment of the structure above. (2 marks)
    4. State one practice maintenance carried out on the structure. (1 mark)
21. Below are farm implements, study them and answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. Name the farm implements shown above. (2 marks)
       U
       V
    2. Identify the parts labeled H and G above. (2 marks)
       H
       G
    3. State one field condition under which the implement U can be used. (1 mark)
22. The photographs below show a rearing practice carried out on farm animals. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. Name the routine management practice shown above. (1 mark)
    2. Name the tool shown above used to carry out the practice. (1 mark)
    3. State three reasons for carrying out the practice shown above. (3 marks)
23. Below is a photograph of a rabbit breed, study it and answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. Identify two observable characteristics used to identify the above rabbit breed. (2 marks)
    2. State one reason why the above rabbit breed is preferred by most farmers. (1 mark)
    3. Give two reasons why rabbit keeping is gaining more popularity in Kenya. (2 marks)

SECTION C (40 Marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided after question 23

24.  
    1. Describe East Coast Fever under the following sub-headings.
       
       1. Causal organism (1 mark)
       2. Symptoms (5 marks)
       3. Control measures (4 marks)
    2. Describe the requirements of deep litter system. (5 marks)
    3. State the principles considered while controlling endo-parasites. (5 marks)
25.  
    1. Describe the daily maintenance /short-term services of a tractor. (9 marks)
    2. State the characteristics of indigenous cattle that make them survive in marginal areas. (5 marks)
    3. Explain six ways of improving power output while using draught animals. (6 marks)
26.  
    1. Explain the role of livestock industry in Kenya’s Economy. (6 marks)
    2. State five sources of carbohydrates in livestock nutrition. (5 marks)
    3. Describe the procedure of harvesting honey in a Kenya Top Bar Hive . (5 marks)
    4. State four properties of concrete that make it more suitable in construction of farm structures. (4 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (30MARKS)

1. Functional difference between a rasp and a bustard file. (1x1=1 mark)
   • A rasp is used for smoothing rough surface on wood while bustard file is used for sharpening cutting edges. (Mark as whole)
2. List two pork breeds of pigs (2 x ½ = 1 mark)
   
   • Large white
   • Saddle backs
   • Middle white
3.  
   • Type- indicate the purpose for which the animal is kept while
   • Breed- refer to a group of animals having the same characteristics and common origin (Mark as a whole ) ( 2 x 1= 2 marks)
4. Name two developmental stages of a liver fluke in water snail (2 x ½ =1 mark)
   • Sporocyst
   • Cercaria
   • Redia
5. Name the term used to indicate the act of parturition (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
   • Cattle- calving or calving down
   • Pigs- farrowing or farrowing down
   • Sheep- lambing or lambing down
   • Goat – kidding or kidding down
6. Give four importance of docking in sheep management (4 x ½ =2 marks)
   • Facilitate even distribution of fats
   • Prevent blow fly infestation
   • Facilitate tupping/mating
   • Ensure good hygiene/cleanliness/prevents soiling of wool
7. What does the term Epistasis mean in livestock improvement
   • Is a combination of genes which on their own could have been inferior or undesirable.  (1 x 1= 1 mark)
8. Give two disadvantages of a spray race. (2 x ½ = 1 marks)
   • High operational cost
   • Require skilled labour to operate and maintain
   • Only economical with large herd
   • Nozzles may clog with dirt during wet weather
9. Outline four symptoms of coccidiosis disease in kids (4 x ½ = 2marks)
   • Diarrhoea
   • Dysentry/blood in dung
   • Dullness/sleepy eyes
   • Emaciation /Excessive loss of weight
   • Sudden death due Anaemia
   • Loss of appetite
10.  Name four causes of stress in a flock of layers (4 x ½ = 2marks)
    • Introduction of new birds in the house
    • Overcrowding
    • Presence of strangers /strange birds
    • High/low temperature
    • Poor ventilation
    • Parasite attack
    • Inadequate food and water
    • Poor handling of birds
11. State four advantages of natural feeding in calf rearing (4 x ½ = 2marks)
    • Calf takes milk at body temperature
    • Makes better use of difficult milkers
    • Milk is free from contamination
    • Prevents scouring in calves/bloating
    • Low labour requirements
12. Give four implements that obtain power from power take off shaft of the tractor. (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
    • Mowers
    • Planters
    • Rotavators/rotary cultivators
    • Sprayers
    • Fertilizer spreaders
13. State four harmful effects of keds. (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
    • They cause considerable irritation when infestation is heavy
    • Animal scratches and bites itself thus damaging the wool
    • Retarded growth in lambs.
    • The animal becomes anaemic.
14. List four enzymes produced in the jejunum. (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
    • Erepsin ( peptidase
    • Maltase
    • Sucrose (invertase)
    • Lactase
15. Give two methods of applying acaricides on animals. (2 x ½ = 1 marks)
    • Spraying on the animal body
    • Dipping animals completely in acaricide solution
    • Hand dressing using pyegrease
16. List four components of power transmission system (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
    • Gear box
    • Differential
    • Final drive
    • Clutch
17. Give four the maintenance practice carried out on chisels (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
    • Grind the bevel to maintain the angle
    • Replace broken handle
    • Store them properly
    • Sharpen the chisel when necessary
18. Name two bloodless methods of castration (2 x ½ =1 mark)
    • Use of rubber ring and elastrator
    • Use of a burdizzo
19. State two uses for which wind power is harnessed (2 x ½ =1 mark)
    • To pump water
    • To generate electricity
    • For processing
    • Winnowing of grains e.g. millet, rice e. t. c

SECTION B (20MARKS)

20.  
    1. Identify the type of gate illustrated above (1x1 =1mark)
       • Barbed wire gate
    2. Distinguish between a pass and a gate (1x1=1 mark)
       
       • A pass allows only human passage while a gate allows for both human and livestock in and out of the farm (Mark as a whole)
    3. List four types of tools used in the establishment of the structure above. (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
       
       • Claw hammer
       • Bow saw /Handsaw
       • Pair of pliers
       • Soil anger
       • Tape measure
       • Panga
       • Axe
       • Wire strainer/monkey strainer
       • Ramming rods
       • Claw bar
       • Spirit level
    4. State one maintenance carried out on the structure (1 x 1=1 mark)
       
       • Loose or sagging wire should be straightened by use of a wire strainer
       • Broken wire should be replaced.
       • Worn out posts should be replaced
       • Broken brace posts and droppers should be replaced
21.  
    1. Name the farm implements. (2 x 1 =2 marks)
       • U – Chisel plough
       • V - Ox-plough
    2. Identify the parts labeled H and G above (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
       • H - Landside
       • G - Mouldboard
    3. State one field conditions under which the implement U can be used. (1x 1 = 1 mark)
       • Where there was continuous use of heavy machinery
       • Where hardpans have been formed
22.  
    1. Name the routine management (1 x 1 = 1 mark)
       • Hoof trimming
    2. Name the tool shown use to carry out the practice. (1 x 1 = mark)
       • Hoof cutter/trimmer
    3. State three reasons for carrying out the practice shown above. (3 x 1 =3 marks)
       • To control foot rot
       • To facilitate easy movement
       • To avoid injury during mating/tupping
23.  
    1. Identify two observable characterisics of the above rabbit breed. (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
       • White body with black paws, ears and nose
       • Erect ears
    2. State one reason why breed identified in a) above is preferred by most farmers. (1 mark
       • Its more prolific
    3. Give two reasons why rabbit keeping is gaining more popularity in Kenya. (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
       • Low labour requirement
       • Requires small space
       • Has low initial capital
       • Rabbits have low food requirement

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

24.  
    1. Describe East Coast Fever (ECF) under the following sub-headings.
       1. Causal organism (1 x 1 =1 mark)
          • Theirellia parva/protozoa
       2. Symptoms (5 x 1=5 marks)
          
          • Swollen lymph nodes,
          • Animal develop difficulties in breathing
          • Coughing
          • Animal salivates profusely
          • Sight impairment
          • Lachramation/profuse tears from the eyes
          • Fever
          • Haemorrhage in the vulva and mouth
       3. Control measures (4 x 1 =4mks)
          
          • Spray the animal with acaricide/dipping
          • Control the vector organism /ticks
          • Fence the farm to keep off stray animals
          • Treat sick with appropriate drugs
    2. Describe the requirements of deep litter system.
       • Site - should be well drained
       • House -leak-proof; well ventilated; dry; well-lit
       • Feed and water troughs - should be enough; constructed in such a way that birf=ds can no step on them; should be kept clean
       • Roosts and perches - should be enough to avoid birds from overcrowding; movable to avoid accumulation of droppings
       • Nests - enough and dim to avoid cannibalism and egg eating; have nesting material to avoid egg breaking. (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
    3. State the principles considered while controlling endo-parasites.
       • Flock and its environment
       • Nutritional status of the stock
       • Pasture management and rotational grazing
       • Housing management
       • Protection of the young
       • Prediction of an outbreak
       • Treatment (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
25.  
    1. Describe the daily maintenance /short-term services of a tractor
       • Check engine oil daily with a dip stick and add if necessary
       • Check fuel level and add if necessary
       • Water level in the radiator should be checked and toped up if necessary
       • Check the level of electrolyte in battery and if need be top up with distilled water
       • Tighten loose nuts and bolts, replace the lost ones.
       • Remove large sediments from the sediment bowl
       • Fan belt tension to be checked and adjust accordingly
       • Break shaft bearing should be greased
       • Grease should be applied on nipples using a grease gun
       • Tyre pressure should be checked by use of pressure gauge and adjusted accordingly.  (9 x 1 = 9 marks)
    2. Describe the characteristics of indigenous cattle that make them survive in marginal areas
       • Have humps that store fat which is broken down to energy and water in times of starvation
       • Fairly tolerant to high temperatures due to dewlap and thick hides
       • High tolerance to tropical diseases such as trypanosomiasis
       • Can walk long distances in search of food and water
       • Can stay for long in search of food and water without seriously affecting their performance and body condition (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
    3. Explain six ways of improving power output while using draught animals.
       • Proper maintenance of the implement to enhance efficiency
       • Proper harnessing enable the animal to be comfortable during work
       • Proper feeding of the animal provide energy to work
       • Giving animal time to rest between working hours
       • Treating sick animal to help them work better
       • Using animal during cool weather conditions (6 x 1= 6 marks)
26.  
    1. Explain the role of livestock industry in Kenya’s Economy.
       • Provision of food-various livestock products such as milk, eggs, meat and honey are used as food
       • Source of farm power-some livestock can be used to provide power for carrying out various activities eg oxen, donkeys and camels
       • Provides employment-several people are employed in livestock industry either directly or indirectly
       • Social cultural uses- depending on the culture of the society e.g. dowry, status symbol etc
       • Source of income- when livestock and livestock products are sold either locally or internationally
       • Industrial development-various products are processed in industries which are taxable to raise income for national development
         (Each role should be well explained) (6 x 1 = 6 marks)
    2. State five sources of carbohydrates in livestock nutrition.
       • Grains of cereals and their by-products
       • Tubers such as Irish potatoes
       • Root crops such as sweet potatoes
       • Molasses
       • Pasture with legumes and grasses (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
    3. Describe the procedure of harvesting honey in a Kenya Top Bar Hive.
       • Done early in the morning or late in the evening
       • Assemble all the tools and equipment required for harvesting
       • Approach the hive quietly and blow smoke around the hive and then through the holes using a smoker.
       • Lower the hive to the ground
       • Open the hive using a hive tool
       • Cut the combs from each top bar 3cm from the surface
       • Put in a clean container rubbing off the bees using a twig/bee brush
       • Place back the bars and do not disturb the brood
       • Return the hive to its position. (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
    4. State four properties of concrete that make it more suitable in construction of farm structures.
       • It is durable
       • Resistant to fire
       • Resistant to insect damage
       • Resistant to fungal attack/ rotting
       • Resistant to weather element. (4 x 1 = 4 marks)