HISTORY PAPER 2 - KCSE 2019 MOKASA PRE MOCK EXAMINATION

Section A (25 marks)
Answer all questions in this section

1. Define the term history.                                                                                  (1 mark)
2. Identify two methods used by archeologists to date fossils.                                     (2 marks)
3. Name one sub-species of Homo Sapiens.                                                       (1 mark)
4. Give two characteristics of early agriculture in Europe before the Agrarian revolution.                                   (2 marks)
5. Identify one river responsible for early agriculture in Mesopotamia.             (1 mark)

6. Give two shortcomings of barter trade.                                                          (2 marks)
7. Give two advantages of using a motorcycle as a means of transport.            (2 marks)
8. Identify the person who invented the first aeroplane.                                   (1 mark)
9. Name two early metals used in industrial development.                                (2 marks)
10. Give two advantages of metal tools over stone tools.                                    (2 marks)
11. Identify one early urban centre in Europe.                                                     (1 mark)
12. Give the main reason for the development of Kilwa as an early urban centre.         (1 mark)
13. Identify two communities that took part in the Maji Maji rebellion.             (2 marks)

14. Give the main reason why Europeans used scorched earth policy against African    (1 mark)
15. Name two communes in Senegal where the policy of assimilation was applied  (2 marks)
16. Name the policy adopted by France and Britain to avoid the outbreak of another war after the First World War.   (1 mark)
17.     Identify the immediate cause of the Second World War. (1 mark)

Section B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section

18.  
    1. Identify five hunting methods used by early man.                             (5 marks)
    2. Describe the culture of man in the Middle Stone Age period.          (10 marks)
19.  
    1. Identify five methods used to acquire slaves during the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.     (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors responsible for the decline of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade            (10 marks)

20.  
    1. List five traditional forms of communication.                                    (5 marks)
    2. Explain five negative impacts of modern means of communication. (10 marks)

21.  
    1. Give five economic activities of the Shona Empire during the pre-colonial period.     (5 marks)
    2. Discuss the social organization of the Asante Empire in the pre-colonial period.          (10 marks)

Section C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section

22.  
    1. Give three methods used by African nationalist in South Africa in their struggle for independence.   (3 marks)
    2. Explain six problems encountered by nationalists in Ghana in their struggle for independence.   (12 marks)

23.  
    1. Give three terms of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.  (3 marks)
    2. Explain six results of Buganda collaboration.            (12 marks)

24.  
    1. Outline the structure of the League of Nations.                                (3 marks)
    2. Explain six causes of the Second World War.                                    (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Section A (25 marks)

1. Define the term history.                                                                                (1 mark)
   • It is the study of man’s past activities/events
     1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)

2. Identify two methods used by archeologists to date fossils.                       (2 marks)
   • Chemical dating like Radio Carbon (/Carbon 14 method
   • Geological periods
   • Statistical dating
   • Fission Track
   • Lexico Statistics
   • Stratigraphy
     Any 2 point @ 1 mark each (2 marks)

3. Name one sub-species of Homo Sapiens.                                                     (1 mark)
   • Cro Magnon
   • Neanderthal man
   • Rhodesian man
     Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)

4. Give two characteristics of early agriculture in Europe before the Agrarian                                                                                                    (2 marks)
   • Small scale farming
   • Shifting cultivation
   • Subsistence/ peasant farming
   • Use of simple tools
   • Broadcasting/scattering of seeds
   • Use of open field system of farming/Strip farming
   • Land belonged to the feudal land lords
   • Land was unconsolidated
   • They practiced inter cropping
   • They practiced common grazing
   • They used human and animal labour/no machines
   • Poor breeds of crops/animals were raised
     Any 2 point @ 1 mark each (2 marks)

5. Identify one river responsible for early agriculture in Mesopotamia.      (1 mark)
   • Tigris
   • Euphrates
     Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)

6. Give two shortcomings of barter trade.                                                      (2 marks)
   • Some commodities are bulky or heavy thus difficult to transport
   • It may not be easy to establish exchange rates of commodities/value
   • Perishable goods are likely to go to waste if negotiations are not done in time
   • It requires coincidence of demand and supply
   • Indivisibility of some trade commodities
   • It consumes time and energy
     Any 2 point @ 1 mark each (2 marks)

7. Give two advantages of using a motorcycle as a means of transport.      (2 marks)
   • They are cheap to acquire and maintain
   • They are flexible
   • They are readily available
   • They are convenient for short distances
     Any 2 point @ 1 mark each (2 marks)

8. Identify the person who invented the first aeroplane.                              (1 mark)
   The Wright brothers/Wilbur Wright/Orville Wright
   1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)

9. Name two early metals used in industrial development.                            (2 marks
   • Iron
   • Steel
   • Bronze
   • Copper
   • Gold
     Any 2 point @ 1 mark each (2 marks)

10. Give two advantages of metal tools over stone tools.                                 (2 marks)
    • They were durable.
    • They could not break easily.
    • They could be re- sharpened when blunt.
    • Molten metals could be cast into a variety of shapes with patterns and designs on   
    • Broken objects could be re- worked.
      Any 2 point @ 1 mark each (2 marks)

11. Identify one early urban centre in Europe.                                                (1 mark)
    • Athens
    • London
      Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)

12. Give the main reason for the development of Kilwa as an early urban centre.    (1 mark)
    The control of Sofala gold trade
    1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)

13. Identify two communities that took part in the Maji Maji rebellion.       (2 marks)
    • Matumbi
    • Pogoro
    • Ngindo
    • Mbunga
    • Ngoni
    • Zaramo
    • Luguru
    • Sangu
    • Wamakonde
    • Wamwere
    • Ndendeule
    • Bena
      Any 2 point @ 1 mark each (2 marks)

14. Give the main reason why Europeans used scorched earth policy against African                                                                                                       (1 mark)
    To weaken them economically, socially and politically
    1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)

15. Name two communes in Senegal where the policy of assimilation was applied        (2 marks)
    • Louis
    • Goree
    • Dakar
    • Rufisque
      Any 2 point @ 1 mark each (2 marks)

16. Name the policy adopted by France and Britain to avoid the outbreak of another       war after the First World War.          (1 mark)
    Appeasement policy
    1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)

17. Identify the immediate cause of the Second World War.                          (1 mark
    German invasion of neutral Belgium
    1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)

Section B (45 marks)

18.  
    1. Identify five hunting methods used by early man.                         (5 marks)
       • Digging pits for them to fall into them
       • Using traps/snares
       • Chasing them and throwing weapons at them
       • Driving animals towards swampy/muddy/water bodies
       • Driving animals over cliffs
       • Using other animals like dogs
       • Chasing animals until they get tired
       • Poisoning/drugging the animals
         Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Describe the culture of man in the Middle Stone Age period.     (10 marks)
       • Man continued hunting and gathering especially big animals
       • Man-made tools like hand axes using levallois method.
       • Man did fishing on rivers and lakes
       • They lived in groups and camps for protection purposes
       • They made shelters and also lived in caves.
       • They used simple hunting methods of chasing animals and throwing stones at them as well as using traps
       • They started wearing animal skins as clothing
       • They painted themselves using red ochre and oil
       • Distinct language developed to enhance communication
       • Rock painting was done on cave walls and rocks.
       • They decorated themselves with necklaces made from seeds and animal bones
       • Fire was made during this period and was used for a number of purposes like providing warmth during cold seasons
         Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)

19.  
    1. Identify five methods used to acquire slaves during the Trans-Atlantic slave                                                                                                                         (5 marks)
       • Raids organized by chiefs
       • Sale of war captives
       • Leaders sold their subjects to enrich themselves/ slaves were exchanged with European products
       • They were obtained through kidnapping
       • Social misfits were sold
       • Through enticement /trickery
       • Selling of debtors/ panyarring
         Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors responsible for the decline of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.                 (10 marks)
       • The rise of humanitarian movement in Britain which viewed slave trade as unjust and inhuman e.g. William Wilberforce, James Fox and Thomas Clarkson.
       • Leading economists like Adams Smith argued that free people were more productive than slave labour.
       • The development of industrial revolution in Britain shifted the demand of slaves to agricultural produce.
       • Resistance by Africans both in West Africa and in the new world made the   Europeans to abandon the activity.
       • The need to discourage mass migration of population from Africa so as to retain market for European manufactured goods.
       • The result of American civil war of 1865 won by those opposed to slavery led ending the crucial slave trading/ closure of the slave market in the United States    of America
       • The coming of Christian missionaries who condemned the activity as unchristian.
       • The attainment of independence by the USA in 1776 left Britain without colonies where they could take slaves to work.
       • The use of machines in farms and industries rendered slave labour unnecessary.
       • Effects from the French revolution of 1789 spread liberty and equality among all     thus discouraged slave trade.
       • Development of legitimate trade which was more profitable and less costly                          replaced slave trade and slavery.
       • Britain influenced other European countries to stop the slave trade by signing anti slave trade treaties.
         Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)

20.  
    1. List five traditional forms of communication.                                (5 marks)
       • Drum beats
       • Horn blowing
       • Messengers/human beings/runners/birds/animals
       • Fire and smoke signals
       • Gestures and signals/body movements
       • Flags
       • Bells
       • Whistles
       • Screams and cries/whistles
       • Semaphores    
         Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Explain five negative impacts of modern means of communication.       (10 marks)
       • Some have promoted immorality through watching of pornographic films.
       • They have promoted international crime and drug abuse.
       • It has encouraged idleness and addiction to programmes by viewers.
       • They have created unemployment
       • Some are expensive to buy and install
       • Some like radios and televisions cause noise pollution
       • Some programmes on televisions promote violence
       • Prolonged exposure to computer screens cause eye problems
       • Mobile phones can cause illnesses through exposure to radioactive rays
         Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)                       

21.  
    1. Give five economic activities of the Shona Empire during the pre-colonial                                                                                                                          (5 marks)
       • They grew crops/ agriculture
       • They kept livestock
       • They traded with Arabs and Swahili traders/ took part in long distance trade/ trade
       • They hunted elephants for ivory
       • They were iron worked/ blacksmiths
       • They made clothes from wild cotton/ bark fibres
       • They mined gold
       • They were fishermen
       • They gathered/ gathering
         Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Discuss the social organization of the Asante Empire in the pre-colonial            period.                                                                                                (10 marks)
       • The kingdom was composed of many communities who spoke Akan or Twi
       • The Asante were organized in clans.
       • Marriage between members of the same clan was prohibited. They practiced exogamy and polygamy.
       • Inheritance of property was matrilineal.
       • The community was bound together by the golden stool.
       • There was an annual cultural festival (Odwira) held at Kumasi to honour the         
       • The society was divided into social classes (social stratification).
       • The Asante worshipped many gods and goddesses/polytheists.
       • The King, chiefs and Omanhenes were religious leaders (semi divine).
       • The ancestors mediated between god and the people.
       • They believed in a supreme god called Onyame.
         Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)

Section C (30 marks)

22.  
    1. Give three methods used by African nationalist in South Africa in their struggle for independence. (3 marks)
       • Formation of trade unions to fight for workers’ rights.
       • Formation of political parties to air their grievances e.g. ANC
       • The use of mass media e.g. radios and newspapers
       • Leaders engaged in direct negotiation with the government.
       • Many detained nationalists went on hunger strike
       • Imposition of economic sanctions by international organizations like U.N.O
       • The churches took part in protest demonstrations e.g. the Anglican Church
       • Through armed resistance e.g. the armed wing of ANC
       • Use of boycotts and strikes against the regime.
       • They also organized protests and demonstrations.
         Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
    2. Explain six problems encountered by nationalists in Ghana in their struggle for independence. (12 marks)
       • The nationalists were arrested/ detained
       • The political parties were banned
       • The government enacted pass laws which restricted movement thus
       • They lacked adequate funds to finance the struggle thus slowing their struggle                     
       • They lacked press freedom making it difficult for them to spread their struggle                                         
       • They lacked advanced weapons thereby making them less effective in their armed struggle.
       • They had different approaches in their struggle (moderate/radical wings)hus creating a loophole which was exploited by the government.
       • Use of divide and rule policy to divide the Africans.
       • Rivalry between political parties e.g. CPP and NLDtowards o
         Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)

23.  
    1. Give three terms of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.             (3 marks)
       • African territories were partitioned thus effective sphere of influence.
       • The Niger, Congo, Nile and Zambezi rivers were declared free areas for      European navigation.
       • The Congo basin was given to Leopold’s (II)’s International African Association..
       • The European nations vowed to protect missionaries and traders in their areas        irrespective of their nationalities.
       • It was unanimously agreed that slave trade be stopped in favour of legitimate         
       • European powers reasserted their occupation and control of the African     
       • Nations were encouraged to use peaceful means in solving their differences.
       • Any state laying claim of any part of Africa must inform other interested groups.
       • The European countries with coastal possessions in Africa could have the    immediate hinterland as their sphere of influence.
         Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
    2. Explain six results of Buganda collaboration.                                (12 marks)
       • It led to loss of independence.
       • It led to introduction of Christianity and European influence in Buganda.
       • Islamic influence declined.
       • Buganda got protection from external enemies like Bunyoro.
       • Kabaka gained recognition and was referred to as His highness.
       • Kabakas power was gradually eroded as British administrators gave authority to    his officers.
       • Buganda was given an advantageous position in the colonial administration and was helped to conquer other communities.
       • Buganda advanced more economically than other communities as it acquired European manufactured goods like clothes.
       • Buganda benefited from western education and medicine.
         Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)

24.  
    1. Outline the structure of the League of Nations.                            (3 marks)
       • The Council
       • The Secretariat
       • The International Court Of Justice
       • The International Labour Organization
       • The Mandates Commission
       • The Assembly
       • The Minorities Committee
         Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
    2. Explain six causes of the Second World War.                                (12 marks)
       • The rise to power of Adolf Hitler and his determination to restore Germany’s lost   
       • Unfavourable conditions imposed on Germany by the treaty of Versailles humiliated and made her nurse a grudge against the allied powers.
       • The growths of nationalism made countries to be inward looking and therefore were reluctant to participate in international issues.
       • The great depression of the 1930s intensified economic instability and forced some countries to practice economic protectionism.
       • The inability of the League of Nations to implement its resolutions and punish those who violated them encouraged the aggressors to pursue their objectives/        ambitions and this intensified tension in the world.
       • The policy of appeasement practiced by France and Britain encouraged the dictators to carry on with their acts of aggression
       • Establishment of alliances between major powers encouraged acts of aggression because of the feeling of mutual support
       • The rise of dictators in the 1920’s and 1930’s destroyed democratic rights
       • Armament and increased armed forces increased tension contrary to the wishes of the Versailles treaty
       • The Spanish civil war (1936 – 1939).
       • Territorial violations e.g. in 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia,
         Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)