HISTORY PAPER 2 - KCSE 2019 JOINT PRE MOCK EXAMINATION NAMBALE

SECTION A (25MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section.

Name two types of written materials used by historians as a source of history and Government. (2mks)
Identify one artifact that is likely to be found in an archaeological site. (1mk)
Name the main method that was used to plant cereal crops when early agriculture began. (1mk)
Identify two advantages of barter as a method of exchange of goods during the Trans-Atlantic Trade. (2mks)
State one result of the invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia. (1mk)
State two advantages of horn blowing as a means of communication during the pre-colonial period. (2mks)
Give two inventions that improved textile industry in Britain in the 18^th (2mks)
Identify the main factor that led to the growth of Meroe. (1mk)
State two functions of the Saza chiefs among the Buganda in the 19^th (2mks)
State one social reason for the coming of Europeans to Africa in the 19^th (1mk)
Identify two European activities in Africa during the 19^th (2mk)
Give one method used by the French to administer their colonies in Africa. (1mk)
State two roles played by Kwame Nkurumah in the Struggle for independence in Ghana. (2mks)
Identify one weapon used during the cold war. (1mk)
Name two permanent members of the United Nations who are non-Europeans. (2mks)
Give the main reason why Pan African Movement was formed at the beginning of 20^th (1mk)
Name one type of elections held for the house of common in Britain. (1mk)

SECTION B: (45MARKS}
Answer any THREE questions from this section.

1. Give reasons why hunting and gathering was a group activity during Stone Age-period. (5mks)
2. Describe five ways in which the development of upright posture improved the early man’s way of life. (12mks)
1. State five factors that contributed to the development of the Trans-Atlantic Trade. (5mks)
2. Explain five negative effects of the Trans-Atlantic Trade on African Communities. (10mks)
1. Give five benefits of the development of railway transport in Europe during the late 19^th (5mks)
2. Explain five disadvantages of using air transport. (10mks)
1. Give three factors that enabled Europeans powers to colonize Africa in the late 19^th Century .(3mks)
2. Explain six political impacts of Scramble and partition of Africa. (12mks)

SECTION C: (30MARKS)
Answer any TWO questions from this section

1. Give three economic organization of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (3mks)
2. Describe the social organization of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (12mks)
1. State three roles played by United States of America in ending the Second World War. (3mks)
2. Explain six reasons why the Central Powers were defeated in the First World War (12mks)
1. Identify three ways through which United Nations promote peace in the world. (3mks)
2. Explain six functions of the General Assembly of the United Nations. (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A(25mks)

Name two types of written materials used by historians as source of history and government.(2mks)
-Books/charts/maps/scrolls/painting/clay labels/stone tablets.
-Diaries/biographies.
-Journals/periodicals.
-Official government records.
Identify one artifact that is likely to be found in an archaeological site.(imk)
-Tools
-Weapons
-Pottery
-Ornaments
-Garments
-Coins
Name the main method that was used to plant cereal crops when early agriculture began.(1mk)
-Broadcasting method.
Identify two advantages of barter as method of exchange of goods during the Trans-Atlantic trade. (2mks)
-It facilitated trade between communities.
-It enabled people to acquire the commodities that they needed.
-It enable some people to determine the value of their commodities.
State one result of the invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia.(1mk)
-It led to making high quality pots from clay.
-It was used to move war chariots.
-It was used to move carts carrying agricultural produce.
-It led to development of roads.
State two advantages of horn blowing as a means of communication during pre-colonial period.(2mks)
-It was used to send a variety of messages.
-It was used to send message over a long distance.
-It could be used at any time.
Give two inventions that improved textile industry in Britain in the 18^th century.(2mks)
-The flying shuttle of john kay
-Water frame of Richard
-Spinning jenny of James Hargreaves
-Spinning mule of Samuel Crompton
-Cylindrical calico printing machine of Thomas bell
-System power 100m of Edmund cartoright
-The cotton gin of elli witney
Identify the main factor that led to the growth of Meroe.(1mk)
-Existence of iron ore
State two functions of saza chiefs among the Buganda in the 19^th centuary.(2mks)
-To maintain law and order.
-To collect taxes
-They recruit men for military services
-They settled/tried cases in court
-They were members of the Lukiiko/Adviced the king/kabaka
State one social reason for the coming of Europeans to Africa in the 19^th century.(1mk)
-The missionaries wanted to spread Christianity
-The European powers wanted to find homes for the excess populations
-The desire to civilize Africans/spread western culture
-To stop slave trade which was inhuman
Identify two Europeans Activities in Africa during the 19^th centuary(2mks)
-Trading/legitimate trade
-spreading Christianity
-exploring
-establishing settlements
-establishing colonial rule/colonization
-establishing health facilities
-establishing agricultural activities
-mining
-stopping slave trade and slavery
Give one method used by French to administer their colonies in Africa(1mk)
-assimilation
-association
State two roles played by kwame nkurumah in the struggle for independence in Ghana(2mks)
-he formed a political party,the convention peoples party(CPP ) which fought for independence of gold coast.
-He wrote newspaper,the accra evening news which articulated the demands of the people in Ghana
-He held rallies in which he mobilized the Ghanian people towards the struggle for independence
-He organized industrial boycotts
-his arrest and detention in 1950 turned international attention to the plight of Africans in Ghana
-he attended international conferences where he highlighted the causes of the gold coast independence.
-he attended constitutional negotiations which led to ghanas independence.
Identify one weapon used during the cold war.(1mk)
-War of words/propaganda
-Economic sanctions
-millitary assistance
-Financial/technical aid
Name two permanent members of united nations who are non-Europeans(2mks)
-china
-USA
Give the main reason why pan-africa movement was formed at the beginning of 20^th centuary.(1mk)
-To unite people of African decent
Name one type of elections held for the house of common in Britain(1mk)
-General election
-By-election

SECTION B(45 MARKS)
1. Give five reasons why hunting and gathering was a group activity during the stone age period(5mks)
  -Wild animals are dangerous/could kill people
  -They could surround the animals helping them to have more food by killing the animals
  -Spotting/locating the animals was easier
  -Less time was taken to catch the animals /less tiresome
  -To give moral encouragement/team spirit
  -They could catch more animals
2. Describe five ways in which the development of upright posture improved the early mans way of life(10mks)
  -Early man was able to move/walk/run faster with long strides.
  -They could use the hands to grasp items conveniently.
  -Man could spot/sight the animals/fruits which he used to hunt/gather from a distance.
  -They could see impending danger from distance and take appropriate measures.
  -Man used hand s to make tools/weapons which were used for different purpose.
  -Man used hands to defend/attack enemies.
  -Man used to perform/carry out domestic chores/carry young ones.
  -Man used the hands to reach for fruits high above.
1. State five factors that contributed to the development of Trans-atlantic trade(5mks)
  -Availability of trade items.
  -Demands for slaves in new world
  -availability of sailing ships
  -availability of fire arms
  -existence of trade routes/links
2. Explain five negative effects of trans-atlantic trade on Africa communities(10mks)
  -there was increased instability/conflicts among communities as traders raided for slaves.
  -traditional industries declined as Africans acquired a taste of European goods.
  -there was increased suffering among families as their loved ones were sold to slavery.
  -some kingdoms declined due to continuous attacks from their neighboring in search of trading items.
  -there was destruction of property as communities raided each other for trade items.
  -it contributed to decline of trans-saharan trade as Many people found it less profitable.
  -there was decline in agricultural production as the able bodied people were taken away as slaves
  -there was serious depopulations in west and part of central Africa due to slave trade.
  -trade exposed west Africa to new deseases.
  -there were fears and insecurity due to frequent raids as African settlement
1. Give five benefits of the development of railway transport in Europe during the late 19^th century(5mks)
  -goods could be transported with ease
  -enable trade to expand
  -led to development of urban central towns
  -it promoted industrialization
  -it created movement of people
  -it was a source of government revenue
  -it led to exploitation of natural resources e.g mining,fishing,forestry e.t.c
2. Explain five disadvantages of air transport (10mks)
  -it is expensive to procure/maintain an aircraft.
  -construction of airstrips requires a lot of resources-the aircraft can only land and take off in specific /designated areas thus inconveniencing the users
  -aircrafts cannot carry bulky goods as compared to other means of transport
  -air transport can only be used by the well to do members of the society thus making it inaccessible to many/expensive
  -its operation are affected by unfavorable weather conditions .
  -crafts emit gases which contribute to the pollution of the atmosphere.
  -travelling by air has facilitated international terrorism/drug trafficking
  -the use of aircraft in military warfare has resulted to destruction of property
  -accidents by aircraft are fatal/chances of survival are minimal
  -it requires a lot of expertise/skilled personnel to manage its operation
1. Give three factors that enabled Europeans powers to colonize Africa in the late 19^th century(3mks)
  -disunity among African communities
  -superior weapons used by European armies
  -weak African communities due to wars/natural calamities
  -some communities collaborated with the Europeans
  -African ignorance about European invention
2. Explain six political impact of scramble and partition of Africa (12mks)
  -European administration based on direct,indirect and assimilation were established.
  -loss of independence and state organization among African communities under the European powers.
  -Africa was introduced to world geo-political systems by the colonizing powers
  -modern African states boundaries were drawn during the partition
  -African communities found themselves split into different states without consultation
  -local African rulers lost the authority to European colonizing powers
  -Africa was given to chartered companies which administered them on behalf of the colonizing masters
  -The establishment of administrative forts and ports from where Europeans administered the continent.

SECTION C: (30MARKS)
Answer any TWO questions from this section

1. Give three economic organization of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (3mks)
  -Trade
  - Crop growing.
  - Livestock keeping
  - Iron working
  - craft s e.g. basketry.
  - Fishing along Lake Victoria & Rivers.
  - Hunting and gathering.
2. Describe the social organization of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (12mks)
  - They were organized into clans which had their own tradition s / customs.
  - The people highly regarded the Kabaka whom they considered to be semi-divine.
  - They worshipped many gods /polytheism.
  - The believed in life after death since they worshipped the spirits of the dead.
  - The Umbilical cord /jaws of Kabaka were preserved for future remembrance.
  - They performed sacrifice during time of misfortune.
  - They had symbols of royalty in form of royal drums/spears/crowns which were kept at Kabaka’s palace royal regalia.
  - Kabaka précised over religious function/rituals /chief priest.
  - They had shrines.

1. State three roles played by United States of America in ending the Second World War. (3mks)
  - The USA provided modern military equipped to the allied forces.
  - She gave financial support to the allied forces.
  - She provided military personnel to the allied powers.
  - U.S.A blocked the Panama Canal against the central powers.
  - She dropped atomic bombs at Hiroshima & Nagaraki which forced Japan to surrender.
2. Explain six reasons why the Central Powers were defeated in the First World War (12mks)
  - The failure of the shiliefen plan put a lot of strain on Germany.
  - The central powers were located in the central part of Europe and were sounded from enemy’s side.
  - The invasion of the neutral Belgium by the Germany made the world to turn against the central powers.
  - Mutinies in the Germany army weakened the Germany Resistance.
  - The allies had more financial and industrial resources.
  -Allied powers controlled the North sea and Atlantic Ocean and blocked the central powers.
  - The entry of USA into the war helped to defeat the central powers.
  - The allies had better financial resources from both Europe and the colonies.
  - The allied political leaders were more competent to the strategies and conduct of war than those of control powers.
  - The allies of German kept on dropping out of the war one by one and this weakened her.

1. Identify three ways through which United Nations promote peace in the world. (3mks)
  - Use of peacekeeping missions.
  - Imposes sanctions on states that defy its resolution.
  - The importance of peace.
  - Use of mediators in settling disputes between warring groups.
  - Settling disputes peacefully through international court of justice.
  - Promoting democracy /sending observers to monitor elections.
  - provides humanitarians assistance to the needy by giving protection /basic needs.
  - Promotion of human rights.
  - Condemns all forms of terrorism.
  - Encourages disarmaments by signing arms control treaties.
2. Explain six functions of the General Assembly of the United Nations. (12mks)
  - Liaises with the Security Council in making recommendation on maintenance of peace and security.
  - Discuses issues of relating to international peace and security.
  - If elects jointly with the Security Council, the judges of international court of justice.
  - If receives /Act on report from Security Council and other U.N organs.
  - It approves U.N budget/apportions the amount of contribution to be paid by each member state.
  - It elects non- permanent member of the Security Council.
  - It promotes the development /codification of international law.
  - It facilitates realization of human rights and fundamental freedom.
  - It promotes higher /better standards of living among nations.
  - It promotes international co-operation in political economic and social field.