HISTORY PAPER 1 - KCSE 2019 NYANDARUA PRE MOCK EXAMINATION

Section A (25mks)
Answer all the questions in this section.

1. Identify the main source of information used to gather information about Kenyan communities.   (1mk)
2. Give one example of the Maa speakers in Kenya.                                                                       (1mk)
3. State two ways in which the Mijikenda intensified their security in the pre-colonial colonial period.  (1mk)  
4. Identify two natural factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the East African coast by 1500 A.D  (2mks)
5. Give one economic duty of a Kenya citizen.                                                                                    (1mk)
6. State one level of conflict.                                                                                                                   (1mk)
7. State two problems facing Nairobi as a modern urban centre.                                                 (2mks)
8. Outline two factors that determine the type of a constitution in a country                          (2mks)
9. Highlight two characteristics of human rights.                                                                              (2mks)
10. Name two groups of people whose rights and fundamental freedoms are protected by the constitution.     (2mks)                                                                                  
11. Identify two rights of workers in Kenya according to the new constitution(2010).             (2mks)
12. Give two reasons for the construction of Kenya Uganda Railways during colonialism.     (2mks)
13. What is the main contribution of Tom Joseph Mboya in the development in Kenya.         (1mk)
14. State one roles of Mekatilili wa meza during the Agiriama resistance.                                 (1mk)
15. Name one method used to elect leaders in Kenya.                                                                   (1mk)
16. What is the symbol of authority of parliament in Kenya.                                                         (1mk)
17. Identify the last stage in the law making process in Kenya.                                                     (1mk)
    
    SECTION B (45 MARKS)
    Answer any three questions in this section
18.  
    1. Outline five reasons for the migration of the Luo from their original homeland. (5mks)
    2. Describe the Political Organization of the Borana in the Pre – colonial Period. 
19.  
    1. Name three Missionaries at work in East Africa during the 18^th and 19^th Centuries. (3mks)
    2. Describe the challenges encountered by Missionaries in East Africa during the Pre- colonial period.    (12mks)                                                                       
20.  
    1. Identify three Communities in Kenya who offered mixed reaction against the British during colonization.     (3mks)
    2. Explain six causes of Maasai collaboration.                                                              (12mks)
21.  
    1. Give reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow Cash crops during colonialism.    (3mks)
    2. What were the results of the Mau Mau uprising                                                   (12mks)
       
       SECTION C (30 MARKS)
       Answer any two questions in this section
22.  
    1. State five circumstances under which freedom of movement may be limited (5mks)
    2. Discuss five functions of Kenya National Human rights and Equality commission   (10mks)
23.  
    1. How can one lose citizenship acquired by birth in Kenya?    (3mks)
    2. Explain six challenges encountered by the Kenyans while coming up with a new constitution.   (12mks)
24.  
    1. Identify three factors that may necessitate the holding of a by-election in Kenya .       (3mks)
    2. Discuss six functions of the Kenya Defence forces(K.D.F).                                                   (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

Section A (25mks)    

1. Identify the main source of information used to gather information about Kenyan communities.  (1mk)
   - Oral tradition

2. Give one example of the Maa speakers in Kenya.                                                                      (1mk)
   - Maasai
   - Samburu

3. State two ways in which the Mijikenda intensified their security in the pre-colonial colonial period.        (1mk)  
   -They had a class of worrior who protected them from external attacks
   - They lived in groups(Kayas) fortified villages.
   -The Kayas were surrounded by stones and cactus.

4. Identify two natural factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the East African coast by 1500 A.D .    (2mks)
   -Presence of deep natural harbours for ships to dock
   -Presence of monsoon winds (north east and south west) to propell them
   -Accessibility of East African coast via the Red sea.

5. Give one economic duty of a Kenya citizen.                                                                                     (1mk)
   - Pay tax
   -work hard irrespective of the occupation one is in
   -Participate in community economic projects

6. State one level of conflict.                                                                                                                   (1mk)
   -Individual versus individual
   -Individual versus state
   -State versus state
   -State versus group
   -Group versus group

7. State two problems facing Nairobi as a modern urban centre. (2mks)
   -High rate of unemployment leading to social crime
   -Inadequate and poor housing.
   -Traffic congestion and Jam
   -Inadequate social amenities (health, education)
   -Pollution by industrial wastes
   -poor town planning (Poor drainage)
   -High number of street families.
   -water shortage(rationing)
   -High HIV/AID infections.

8. Outline two factors that determine the type of a constitution in a country (2mks)
   - Geographical factor
   - Historical background of state
   - Religious factor
   - Racial factor

9. Highlight two characteristics of human rights.                                                                             (2mks)
   -Are indivisible/inseparable
   -Are universal
   -Have limitation
   -Derogation/can be suspended under special circumstance.

10. Name two groups of people whose rights and fundamental freedoms are protected by the  constitution.                  (2mks)
    -Children
    -Minority and marginalised
    -Arrested persons
    -Persons detained/in custody/imprisoned
    -Persons with disability
    -Older members of society                                                                                                                                                               

11. Identify two rights of workers in Kenya according to the new constitution(2010). (2mks)
    -Better wages and salaries
    -Right to strike
    -Right to join trade unions
    -Favourable working conditions

12. Give two reasons for the construction of Kenya Uganda Railways during colonialism. (2mks)
    -For effective control of British East Africa
    -For maximum exploitation of economic resources
    -Link Uganda with coast and outside world
    -Facilities spread of Christianity
    -Facilitate movement of troops and administrators
    -To protect strategic interests in the region

13. What is the main contribution of Tom Joseph Mboya in the development in Kenya.         (1mk)
    -   Trade unionism

14. State one roles of Mekatilili wa meza during the Agiriama resistance.                                 (1mk)
    - Oath administration
    - Mobilising Agiriama people to join the movement
    - Presented Agiriama grievances to the British
    - Her leadership enlightened on the role of women in the struggle for independence

15. Name one method used to elect leaders in Kenya.                                                                   (1mk)
    -Secret balloting
    -Acclamation(majority rule)
    -Mlolongo(queuing)-Abolished

16. What is the symbol of authority of parliament in Kenya. (1mk)
    - Mace

17. Identify the last stage in the law making process in Kenya. (1mk)
    - Presidential assent/approval
    
    SECTION B (45 MARKS)
    Answer any three questions in this section
18.  
    1. Outline five reasons for the migration of the Luo from their original homeland.(5mks)                                                                                                            
       - Search for pasture and water for their animals
       - Escape drought and famine
       - Internal feuds/conflicts
       - Population pressure
       - Attack by their hostile neighbours
    2. Describe the Political Organization of the Borana in the Pre – colonial Period.(10mks)
       - The lowest level of authority was the family headed by the father.
       - Lived in camps governed by the most senior married man.
       -They were grouped into clans.
       -Each clan was headed by a council of elder.
       -The council of elder maintained law and order.
       -Borana country was divided into two halves each called moeits.
       -Each moest was sub-divided into sub-moesties for efficient governance.
       -Each moeit was headed by a Kallu.
       -Had age-set system composed of circumcised boys called (haiyya)
       -They defended the community from external attacks.
19.  
    1. Name three Missionaries at work in East Africa during the 18^th and 19^th Centuries (3mks)
       - Dr.Ladwig Krapf
       - Johann Rebman
       - Jacob Erhadt
       - Thomas Wakefield
    2. Describe the challenges encountered by Missionaries in East Africa during the Pre-colonial period.           (12mks)    
       - Attack by tropical diseases(malaria)
       - Stiff competition from Islam
       - Hostility and resistance from local African people.
       - Poor transport and communication network
       - Language barrier
       - Rivalry among missionary groups creating misunderstanding among Africans.
       - Hostility from slave dealers
       - Inadequate finances for their operations
       - Missionaries were few compared to vast East Africa region
       - Attack by fierce lions and wild animals
       - Sometimes they were deserted by their guidelines ( Dr. David Livingstone.)                                                                                         
20.  
    1. Identify three Communities in Kenya who offered mixed reaction against the British during colonization.  (3mks)
       -Agikuyu
       -Akamba
       -Luo
    2. Explain six causes of Maasai collaboration.   (12mks)
       -The Maasai had been weakened by animal and human diseases by the time of invasion.
       -Natural calamities (drought and famine) further weakened them hence could not resist.
       -Emergence of Nandi a strong power which started raiding them further weakening them.
       -Civil wars between Kwavi and Purko Maasai undermined their economy hence could not resist.
       -Lenana sought support from the British against his brother Sendeyo whom who they had succession dispute.
       -Lenana sought help from the British forts since his people were starving.
       -Lenana wanted to consolidate his position and that of his kingdom through collaboration.
       -The Maasai realised the futility of resisting such a strong European power.
       -Maasai wanted help from the British to secure back their women and children whom the Agikuyu were refusing with.
21.  
    1. Give reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow Cash crops during colonialism.  (3mks)
       -To ensure adequate labour supply for their farms.
       -Africans grown crops would be prone to diseases that would spread to settler farms.
       -Avoid competition in the international market.
       -That African lacked knowledge in cash crop farming.
    2. What were the results of the Mau Mau uprising .                                                   (12mks)
       - Massive loss of lives
       - Arrest and detention of many Africans .
       - It speeded up the march to political independence
       - Massive destruction of property(villages, houses, farms, granaries)
       - Activities of African political parties were strictly checked(KAU was banned in 1953)
       - The power and influence of settlers were reduced as the colonial government took over
       - Agikuyu, Aembu and Ameru were removed from Nairobi and their jobs taken by other communities
       -Led to declaration of state of emergency(1952).
       -Created bitterness and division between the loyalists and the resisters.
       -The war attracted the attention of international community as Kenyan suffered in the hand of Europeans.
22.  
    1. State five circumstances under which freedom of movement may be limited (5mks)
       - In times of curfews/emergencies
       - To compel an individual court proceedings
       - Nobody should trespass private property
       -Restriction on movement of nomadic people during outbreak of diseases.
       -Public officer/armed officers can not move while on duty.
       -To compel a person in Kenya attend trial /imprisoned in another country
       -Sick people are put in isolation to prevent spread of disease.
       -Freedom of movement of persons detained is limited
    2. Discuss five functions of Kenya National Human rights and Equality commission       (10mks)(KNHREC)
       -Promote and protect human rights
       -Investigate and provide redress to human rights violations.
       -Monitor government institution regarding human rights observance and possible violations.
       -Provide education, training and campaign on preservation of human rights
       -Provide advice to the government on how to promote and protect human rights
       -To research and monitor compliance of human rights norms and standards.
       -Ensure enactment of legislation on human right compliance
23.  
    1. How can one lose citizenship acquired by birth in Kenya?                                                   (3mks)
       -If it was acquired through fraud/false representation/forgery
       -if acquired through corruption
       -If discovered that a person was more than 8 years when found in Kenya
       -If the nationality of the child/person is found to be of another country.
       -if the parentage of a child is known to be of another country.
    2. Explain six challenges encountered by the Kenyans while coming up with a new  constitution.    (12mks)
       -Interference by political leaders
       -Misunderstanding among the delegates
       -Inadequate experts in drafting it.
       -Existing constitution did not have clear procedure in areas of amendment/change
       -Illiteracy and ignorance of Kenyans
       -Divergent expectations of different ethnic groups.
       -Interference by the international community
       -Corruption(leaders collude) to have it dropped during referendums.
       -Inadequate civic education to citizens
       -Some people and leaders having personal interests in it.
24.  
    1. Identify three factors that may necessitate the holding of a by-election in Kenya .       (3mks)
       - If a member of Parliament ceases to be a Kenyan citizen.
       - Death of a sitting member of parliament
       - If a member of parliament defect from one party to another.
       - If a member of parliament is declared bankrupt by a court of law.
       - If a member of Parliament resigns in writing,
       - Death penalty or jail term exceeding 12 months
       - If a member of parliament fails to attend eight consecutive parliament sessions without permission from the speaker
       - If one is found to have committed an election offence
       - If one was elected as an independent candidate but joins a political party.
    2. Discuss six functions of the Kenya Defence forces(K.D.F).                                                   (12mks
       - Protect the country from external aggression.
       - Supplement the work of police of maintaining internal peaces .(1982 attempted coup)
       - Assist during emergency situations(floods, fires, bombings)
       - Participate in nation building activities(building bridges roads, digging wells and building schools.)
       - Participate in international peace keeping missions (Sierra Leone)
       - Entertain the public during National cerebrations(Madaraka, Mashujaa and Jamhuri days.)
       - The Kenya navy Patrols Kenya’s Territorial waters.
       - The navy check illegal landing and fishing in Kenya’s waters.
       - Help to control locust invasion (by the Kenya air force).