HISTORY PAPER 1 - KCSE 2019 STAREHE PRE MOCK EXAMINATION (WITH MARKING SCHEME)

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HISTORY PAPER 2 - KCSE 2019 STAREHE PRE MOCK EXAMINATION (WITH MARKING SCHEME)

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SECTION A (25MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section

What was the basic unit of political organisation of pre-colonial African communities in Kenya?(1 mk)

Give two economic activities acquired by the Maasai as a result of their interaction with this Bantus.(2 mks)
State two positive effects of the Indian Ocean trade on the coast of Kenya. (2 mks)
State two contributions of Ludwig Krapf in this spread of Christianity in Kenya. (2 mks)
Give one role of this Njuri Ncheke among the Meru. (1 mk)
Identify one reason that led to the decline of the city of Kilwa. (1 mk)
State two reasons why the Nandi resisted the British for long. (2 mks)
Give two reasons for the construction of Kenya – Uganda railway. (2 mks)
Identify one newspaper which published African grievances up to 1943. (1 mk)
Name one ox-officio members in parliament. (1 mk)
State two ways in which the Kenyan constitution promotes national unity. (2 mks)
State two features of political organizations which were formed in Kenya before 1939. (2 mks)
What is the main disadvantage of using negotiation as a method of conflict resolution? (1 mk)
Identify one institution which advised the governor in Kenya in the administration of the colony during the early 20^th (1 mk)
Identify one type of democracy. (1 mk)
Give two reasons why elections are held regularly in Kenya today. (2 mks)
Which is the highest court in Kenya’s judicial system? (1 mk)

SECTION B (45MARKS)
Answer any three questions in this section

1. Name three Eastern Cushitic groups in Kenya. (3 mks)
2. Describe the social organization of the Mijikenda during the pre-colonial period. (12 mks)

1. Identify five sources of information on the history of the coast of East Africa (5 mks)
2. Explain five social results of the contact between the Kenyan coast and the outside world by 1500 (10 mks)

1. Give five reasons for the rise of African independent churches in Kenya during the colonial period. (3 mks)
2. Explain five roles played by women during the struggle for independence in Kenya. (5 mks)

1. Identify three ways in which settler farming affected African farming in Kenya. (3 mks)
2. Explain six settlers contribution to the development of agriculture during this colonial period in Kenya. (12 mks)

SECTION C (30MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section

1. Identify five elements of a good citizenship. (5 mks)
2. Explain five factors which undermine national unity. (10 mks)

1. Identify five ways in which Kenyan government ensures that the rule of law is upheld. (5 mks)
2. Outline five constitutional changes instituted in Kenya between 1981 and 1992 (10 mks)

1. Give three reasons that may lead to the impeachment of a governor from office (3 mks)
2. Explain six reforms that have been introduced in the correctional institutions in Kenya. (12 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

What was the basic unit of political organization of pre-colonial African communities in Kenya.
1x1 = 1 mk
Clan

Give two economic activities acquired by this Maasai as a result of their interaction with this Bantus.
- Crop cultivation (farming)
- Iron working
- Trading 2x1 = 2 mks

State two positive effects of the Indian Ocean trade on the coast of Kenya.
- Islamic culture spread at the coast
- Inter-marriage leading to Swahili people
- Led to emergence of Swahili language
- Spread of the Islamic religion. 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

State two contributions of Ludwig Krapf in this spread of Christianity in Kenya.
- Translated the bible into local languages
- Wrote first Swahili disctionary
- Constructed the first church at Rabai
- Helped to train the African catechists in Kenya 2 x1 = 2 mks)

Give one role of this Njuri Ncheke among the Meru.
- Solved disputes
- Maintained law and order
- Led during religious ceremonies
- Could declare war or negotiate for peace. (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

Identify one reason that led to the decline of the city of Kilwa.
- Disruption of gold trade due to civil wars
- It was conquered by the Portuguese\dynastic rivalry of some leading families
- Series of rebellions by some town (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

State two reasons why the Nandi resisted the British for long.
- Had a strong economy
- Well trained disciplined and united army
- Had knowledge of their mountainous terrain
- Leadership of the Orkoyoit inspired and united them
- They manufactured their weapons from the railway
- West and cold climate against their ease. (2x1 = 2 mks)

Give two reasons for this construction of Kenya – Uganda railway.
- To establish effective control
- To stop slave trade and establish legitimate trade
- To link Uganda with East coast and the outside world
- To facilitate the movement of troops and government administrators
- To generate revenue
- To facilitate economic exploitation
- To provide transport for settlers, traders and missionaries. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)

Identify one newspaper which published African grievances up to 1943.
- Coast African express
- Sauti ya mwafrika
- Muiguithania
- A. chronicles (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

Name one ox-officio members in parliament.
Speaker (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

State two ways in which the Kenyan constitution promotes national unity.
- Guarantees equal opportunity to all Kenyans
- Provides a government of nationality
- Provides protection to individuals against discrimination. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)

State two features of this political organizations which were formed in Kenya before 1939
- Were ethnic based
- Were non-militant
- Had similar grievances
- Formed in response to various socio-economic problems
- Led by educated Africans. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)

What is the main disadvantage of using negotiation as a method of conflict resolution?
It is time consuming to reach an agreement. ( 1 x 1 = 1 mk)

Identify one institution which advised the governor in Kenya in the administration of the colony during the early 20^th
- Executive council/advisory council
- The legislative council (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

Identify one type of democracy .
- Direct democracy
- Indirect/representative democracy
- Constitutional democracy (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

Give two reasons why elections are held regularly in Kenya today.
- It is a constitutional requirement
- Give Kenyans a chance to choose leaders they can trust
- Keep leaders on their toes and they can be voted out
- Give Kenyans a chance to exercise their democratic rights
- It brings in new blood and ideas in parliament. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)

Which is the highest court in Kenya’s judicial system.
Supreme court (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

SECTION B (45 mks)

1. Name three Eastern Cushitic groups in Kenya.
  - Somali
  - Borana
  - Rendile
  - Burji
  - Oromo/Galla
  - Gabbra 3 x 1 = 3 mks
2. Describe this social organization of the Mijikenda during the pre-colonial period.
  - Family was the basic social unit
  - Several related families formed a clan
  - They practiced exogamy and marriage between members of the same clan was prohibited
  - Polygamy was allowed
  - Boys and girls were initiated by circumcision of puberty.
  - Age set system was formed by initiates
  - Believed in one God (mulungu)
  - Prayers were offered through ancestral spirits
  - They had specialist who foretold the future & interpreted God’s messages
  - Sacrices were offered
  - They lived in fortified villages called Kaya. (6 x 2 = 12 mks)

1. Identify five sources of information on the history of the coast of East Africa
  - The Greco-Roman Documentary
  - Periplus of the Erythraean sea
  - Claudius ptolemy’s Geography
  - Documents by Arabs merchants i.e Ibn, Bahuta and Al-masudi
  - Christian topography of cosmos indicopleusios
  - Archaeological evidence. (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
2. Explain five social results of the contact between the Kenyan coast and the outside world by 1500 AD.
  - Development of prosperous towns by Lamu
  - Islamisation of this coastal inhabitants
  - Spread of Asiatic culture e.g architectural design; dress
  - Intermarriages between the Arabs and coastal people leading to waswahili
  - Rise of new language – Swahili
  - Led to depopulation
  - Rise of rich trader
  - New eating habits arose. (5 x 2 = 10 mks)

1. Give five reasons for the rise of African independent churches in Kenya during the colonial period.
  - Protect the African culture
  - Support political parties in the struggle for independence
  - Exploitation of the Africans by the missionaries
  - Need for African leadership in the churches
  - Some Africans claimed receiving divide call. (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
2. Explain five roles played by women during the struggle for independence in Kenya.
  - Some composed songs for the freedom fighters
  - Joined political organization
  - Mobilized men for the struggle
  - Took part in the actual struggle e.g Marshall Muthoni
  - Administered oaths.
  - Spied for the freedom fighters
  - Took part in the Lancaster constitution talks. (5 x 2 = 10 mks)

1. Identify three ways in which settler farming affected African farming in Kenya.
  - Africans were forced to reserve to give way for settler forming in this fertile highlands
  - Reserves were situated away from urban centres and communication lines cut to ensure African products did not reach the market.
  - The squatter system
  - Recruitment of laboures on European forms
  - Pastoralism was outlawed. (3 x 1 = 3 mks)
2. Explain six settles contribution to the development of agriculture during this colonial period in Kenya.
  - Introduced mschanisation in farming
  - New varieties of livestock breed were introduced
  - Carried out scientific research on various
  - Studied on the improvement of soil fertility
  - Increased use of fertilizers
  - Organized agricultural shows throughout. (6 x 2 = 12 mks)

SECTION C:

1. Identify five elements of a good citizenship.
  - Obedience to the laws of the land
  - Engaging in positive development of the country
  - Participating in the democratic process
  - Being loyal and patriotic
  - Contribution views on various issues
  - Reporting law breakers
  - Being mindful of others welfare
  - Proper use and preservation of public property
  - Maintenance of high moral and ethical standards. (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
2. Explain five factors which undermine national unity.
  - Tribalism
  - Religious conflicts
  - Party membership
  - Political ideologies
  - Corruption
  - Nepotism
  - Ignorance
  - Poverty (5 x 2 = 10 mks)

1. Identify five ways in which Kenyan government ensures that the rule of law is upheld.
  - By establishing independent court systems
  - Ensuring that suspects are tried in courts of law and appropriate action taken.
  - Enact laws to allow parliament to control the excess of the executive
  - Allowing accused persons legal representation
  - All the citizens to be subjected to the same law
  - Apprehending suspects (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
2. Outline five constitutional changes instituted in Kenya between 1981 and 1992
  - In 1982, Kenya became a single state party is dejure state.
  - In 1987, the tenure of office of the Attorney General, controller and Auditor General was removed.
  - 1988 the president was empowered to employ and dismiss judges
  - In 1991, section 2A of the constitution was repealed; paving way for the introduction of multipartism in Kenya.
  - In 1992 president elect was to gather 25% votes from five of the eight provinces to be declared winner. (5 x 2 = 10 mks)

1. Give three reasons that may load to the impeachment of a governor form office.
  - Gross-violation of the constitution
  - If the governor has committed a crime under national law
  - Abuse of office or gross-conduct
  - Physical or mental incapacity to perform official functions. (3 x 1 = 3 mks)
2. Explain six reforms that have been introduced in the correctional institutions in Kenya.
  - Introduction of community service for petty offenders
  - Living conditions of prisoners have been improved
  - Release of petty offenders and death row inmates from time to time
  - Employing and training many personnel of counsellors
  - Living conditions of the warders have been enhanced
  - Provision of efficient means of transport
  - Hearing and determination of cases has been streamlined to reduced backlog of pending cases and guarantee suspects of fair trial.