PHYSICS PAPER 1 - KCSE 2019 STAREHE PRE MOCK EXAMINATION (WITH MARKING SCHEME)

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SECTION A: 25marks

  1. A stopwatch is used to time a runner in a race. Figure 1 show the stopwatch at the start and at the end of a lap of the race.
    phyc1pas
    State how long( in SI unit) did the runner took to finish the lap of the race    (1mark)                                
  1. The front views of two cars are shown in figure 2 , drawn to the same scale.
    phyc2pas
    Suggest which car has the greater stability,and give a reason.  (2marks)
  1. Figure 3 below shows a micrometer screw gauge. State the reading indicated             (2marks)
    phyc3pas
  1. Figure 4 shows two identical springs of spring constant 3N/cm supporting a load of 30N.
    phyc4pas
    Determine the extension of each spring.    (2 marks)
  2. Figure 5 shows a system for raising a heavy piece of metal into a vertical position. A man pulls on the rope with a horizontal force T. The piece of metal has a weight of 2000 N and is freely pivoted at A. The system is in equilibrium. By taking moments about A, calculate T.    (3marks)
    phyc5pas
  1. Explain why an aeroplane is likely to take off much earlier than expected when the speed of the wind blowing in the opposite direction to its motion on the runway suddenly increases       (2 marks)
  2. An aircraft 300m from the ground traveling horizontally at 400m/s releases a parcel. Calculate the horizontal distance covered by the parcel from the point of release. (Ignore air resistance) (3 marks).
  3. A body of mass 4.0kg held at a vertical height of 500cm is released to travel a long a frictionless curved path as shown in figure 8. The 4.0kg mass strikes another body of mass 6.0kg at rest immediately it reaches the horizontal the bodies stick together and move in the same direction. Determine the velocity of the bodies immediately after collision.    (3marks)
    phyc8pas
  4. A tin with a hole is filled with water to a certain height. Water jets out as shown in figure 9(a) below. A second identical tin is filled with water to the same height and a block of wood floated as shown in figure 9(b).
    phyc9pas
    State the reason why the maximum distance of jet d2 is greater than d1.    (1 mark)
  1. The figure 2 below shows the apparatus used to observe Brownian motion using a smoke cell.
    phyc10pas
    1. State the observation made in the smoke cell. (1 mark)
    2. Explain the observation made when the temperature in the smoke cell is increased. (1 mark)
  2. When a mercury in a glass thermometer is used to measure the temperature of hot water, it is observed that the mercury level first drops before beginning to rise. Explain. (2 marks)
  3. Figure 3 shows an arrangement of apparatus to study properties of different surfaces. The heater is placed equidistance from the two plates. State what happens when the heater is switched on for some time.   (1 mark) 
    phyc12pas   
  1. Expain your answer in question 12 above     (1mark)

SECTION B: 55marks

  1.  
    1. The figure below shows the features of a refrigerator.
      phyc14pas
      1. What is the function of the pump?                      (1 mark)
      2. What is the function of the copper fins at the back of the refrigerator?          (1 mark)
      3. Explain briefly how cooling takes place in the refrigerator.                                 (3 marks)
      4. What is the purpose of the double wall in a refrigerator?                                     (1 mark)
    2.  
      1. Define the term latent heat of fusion of a substance.                                                   (1 mark)
      2. The figure below shows an apparatus that could be used to determine the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
        phyc12bbpas
        In order to obtain results that are as accurate as possible, state why it is important to:
        1. wait until water is dripping into the beaker at constant rate before taking readings.       (1 mark)
        2. Use finely crushed ice rather than larger ones.                                                               (1 mark)
  1.  
    1. State the law of flotation. (1 mark)
    2. Figure 13 below shows a uniform rod of height 8cm floating vertically in a beaker containing two immiscible liquids P and Q. The densities of the liquids are 800kg/m³ and 1200kg/m³ respectively the cross-sectional area of the rod is 2cm².
      phyc15bpas
      Determine
      1. the weight of liquid P displaced by the rod.                                                                 (3 marks)
      2. The weight of liquid Q displaced by the rod.                                                        (2 marks)
      3. The mass of the rod.                                                                                                (1 mark)
      4. The density of the rod.                                                                                                (2 marks)
    3. Figure 14 below shows a block of volume 50 cm3 and density 2 000 kg/m3 submerged in a liquid and suspended from a uniform horizontal beam by means of a thread. The beam is balanced by a spherical mass of 40 g, which is suspended from it on the other side of the pivot as shown
      phyc15cpas
      Determine the upthrust force acting on the block.        (3 marks)
  1.  
    1. State two condition necessary for a driver to negotiate a bend on a banked bend at a relatively high speed      (2 marks)
    2. The figure shows stone of mass 100g whirled in a vertical circle using a thread of length 56cm.   (Take g 10N/Kg)       
      phyc16bpas                   
      If the stone is whirled at a speed of 8m/s. Calculate;
      1. The centripetal force experienced by the stone.        (3 marks)
      2. Tension force on the string:
        TA        (2 marks)
        TB        (2 marks)
      3. calculate the angular velocity of the stone.                                                                     (1mark)
    3. Figure 15 shows a centrifuge that is used to separate particles suspended in a liquid. Particle of different mass M1, M2 and M3 are suspended in a liquid which they do not dissolve. The system is then rotated in the direction shown.
      phyc16dpas
      1. Explain why the particles of different masses will acquire different radii as the system is rotated.     (1 mark)
      2. If M3, >M2> M1, arrange the particle in increasing radii when the centrifuge is rotated for some time.   (1 mark)
  2.  
    1. State the one condition necessary for pressure law to hold.                                       (1 mark)
    2. A bubble at the bottom of a pond expands as it rises to the top of the liquid. Explain. (1 mark)
    3. The graph below represents a graph of pressure against temperature, oC
      Webp.net compress image 29                     
      From the graph, determine;
      1. The absolute temperature.     (1 mark)
      2. The pressure at 373K            (1 mark)
        Explain why temperature in (i) above can not be achieved                                               (2 marks)
    4. A column of air 26cm long is trapped by mercury thread 5cm long. When the tube is inverted, the air column becomes 30cm long.What is the value of atmospheric pressure?
      (3 marks)
      phyc17dpas
    5. Explain using kinetic theory of gases why pressure of gases increases as temperature of the gas is increased.    (3 marks)
  1.  
    1. Differentiate between work and energy.        (2 marks)
    2. Describe the energy transformation that takes place when a car battery is used to light a bulb.                                  (1 mark)
    3. The figure shows a machine. Gear wheel A with 30 teeth is driven by gear wheel B with 15 teeth.
      phyc18cpas
      1. Determine the velocity ratio of the machine. (2 marks)
      2. If the machine has a mechanical advantage of 0.375, determine the efficiency of the machine.        (2 marks)
    4. A cart of mass 30kg is pushed along horizontal path by a horizontal force of 8N and moves with a constant velocity. The force is then increased to 14N.
      Determine:;
      1. The resistance to the motion of the cart. (1 mark)
      2. The acceleration of the cart. (2 marks)


MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

  1. 100s – 50s = 50.00s ( 1mk )
  1. Racing car
    – has a lower centre of gravity or ( 2mks )
    - has a larger base area.
  1. 6.50 + 0.13 = 6.63mm ( 2mks )
  1. e =F = 30N
        2k   2x3 N/cm
    = 5 cm
  1. F1 d1 = F2 d2 F2 =2x2000       ( 3 mks )
                                 8
    2x2000 = 8 x F= 500N
  1. When the speed increases pressure on the upward region reduces. Since speed on the downward region was low,it increased the pressure there which made the plane to suddenly move on the runaway.( 2mks )
  1.  
    1. H = gt2 R = Ut
      300 = R = 400 x 7.75
      t = √60 = 7.75s    = 3100m.   ( 3 marks )
    2. v2 = u2 + 2as
      ( 4 x 10 ) + ( 6 x 0 ) = ( 4 + 6) v          ( 3 marks )
      v2= 0 2x 10 x 5       
      40 = 10v
      v = 10m/s   
      v = 4 m/s
  1. The block of wood increased the pressure of water making d2 greater than d1.
    1. Bright specks in continuous random motion were seen.
    2. The collision of particles increases since they have gained more energy.
  1. At first the bulb expands. Later the heat reaches the mercury which expands and begins to rise.
  2. Wax on the dull surface melts faster than one on a shiny surface. ( 1mk )
  1. Dull surface are better absorbers of heat than shiny surfaces.

    SECTION B: 55 MARKS
  2.  
    1.  
      1. It removes vapor into the lower coil outside the cabinet     ( 1mk ).
      2. Conduct heat out to the surrounding air. ( 1mk )
      3. In the upper coil, the volatile liquid takes latent heat from the air around and evaporates causing cooling in the cabinet. The vapour is compressed and changes back to liquid form in the cooling fins. The liquid goes back to the copper coil and the cycle is repeated.
      4. It reduces the rate of heat transfer from outside.
    2.  
      1. Heat energy absorbed during the process of melting ( 1 mk )
      2. -To ensure that water collected from melted ice is caused by the heater effect and not the surrounding environment.
        -It absorbs heat faster.
  1.  
    1. A floating object displaces its own weight of the fluid in which it floats. ( 1mk )
    2.  
      1. Volume = 2x3 x10-6 = 6 x 10-6 m3 ( 3mks )
        Weight =   ƍVg = 800 x 6 x 10-6 x 10
        = 48 x 10-3N
      2. The weight of liquid Q displaced by the rod. ( 2mk )
        Volume = 2 x 2 x 10-6 = 4 x 10 -6 m3
        Weight   =   ƍ Vg = 1200 x 4 10-6 x 10
        = 48 x10 -3 N
      3. The mass of the rod.    ( 2mks )
        Mass = (48 x 10-3 ) + ( 48 x 10-3) = = 0.0096 kg
                                     10
      4. The density of the rod.
        Volume of rod = 2 x 8 x 10-6 = 16 x 10 -6 m3      ( 2mks )
        d =0.0096= 600kg/m3
             16 x 10 -6
    3. M block = 2 x 50 = 100g. 100 – 30 = 70g.
      F1 d1 = F2 d2    
      F1 x 40 = 30 x 40  = 0.7 N
                         40    
      F1= 30g.( 3 marks )
  1.  
    1.  
      1. Longer radius of the bend
      2. Greater banking angle    ( 2mks )
    2.  
      1. F = mv2 = 1 x 82 = 11.43 N
                r       0.56                   ( 3mks )
      2. TA =mv2 - mg ( 2 mks )
                r
        = 11.43 - ( 0.1 x 10 )
        = 10.43N
      3. TB =mv2 + mg ( 2 mks )
                r
        = 11.43 + ( 0.1 x 10 )
        = 12.43N
      4. w   = v= 0.8     = 1.43 m/s       ( 1 mk )
                 r   0.56
    3.  
      1. Their centripetal force varies with their masses. ( 1mk )
      2. m1,   m2,      m3         
  2.  
    1. the gas has a fixed mass or the volume is kept constant
    2. pressure (due to the height of the liquid) reduces as the bubble rises.Hence it expands as it rises to the top.
    3.  
      1. -2700c
      2. 2.6x 105Pa
      3. variation of the mass/volume of the gas.
    4. ( x + 5 ) 0.26   = ( x – 5 ) 0.30 x = 8
                                                         0.04   ( 3 mks )
      0.26 x + 1.30 = 0.3 x – 1.5 = 70 cm
  3.  
    1. Work is the product of force and distance moved by the body in the direction of the applied force
      Energy is the ability to do work.
    2. Chemical energy → Electrical energy.
      1. VR = No of teeth of driven wheel
                    driver wheel                    ( 2mks )
        = 2.
      2. eff =mA x 100%   = 375 x 100 = 18.75%
                v                      2
    3.  
      1. 14 – 8 = 6N ( 1 mk )
      2. F = m α
        6 = 30 x α
        α=6 = 0.2m/s2
           30                  ( 2mks )
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