BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
- Write your name and admin number in the spaces provided above
- Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
- Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided
- This paper consists of 8 printed pages
- Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed and that no questions are missing
- Name the product of anaerobic respiration that is essential in: (2marks)
- The brewing industry
- The bread making industry
-
- What part of the human body is affected by the virus that causes poliomyelitis? (1mark)
- What is a vaccine? (1 mark)
- Other than poliomyelitis name another immunizable disease in Kenya (1mark)
- A student mixed a sample of urine from a person with Benedict’s solution and heated, the colour changed to orange.
- What was present in the urine sample? (1 mark)
- What did the student conclude on the health status of the person? (1mark)
- Which organ in the person may not be functioning properly (1mark)
- Study the diagram below of a neuron in human being.
- Identify the type of neurone. (1mark)
- Name the parts labelled A and B. ( 2 mks)
- On the diagram indicate the direction of movement of a nerve impulse along the neuron (1 mark)
- In an experiment, it was observed that when maggots are exposed to light, they move to dark areas. On the other hand, Euglena and Chlamydomonas move towards light.
- Name the type of response exhibited by the organisms (1mark)
- State one advantage of the response shown by Euglena and Chlamydomonas (1mark)
-
- Name two features used to group organisms in the phylum Arthropoda into classes. (2marks).
- Name three economic importance of organisms in kingdom Fungi. (3marks)
- Name three tissues responsible for secondary growth in flowering plants. (3marks)
- A certain plant was found to have 22 chromosomes in its calyx cells. State the number of chromosome present in: (2marks)
- Egg cell
- Endosperm cell
- The diagram below shows an apparatus used during collection of specimen
- Identify the apparatus (1mark)
- What is the use of the apparatus named above (1 mark)
- A DNA strand has the following base sequence G C C T A G A T C A C
What is the sequence of the:- Complementary DNA strand (1 mark)
- m-RNA strand copied from this DNA strand (1 mark
- Phagocytes, also called granulocytes or polymorphs are cells found in the blood where they ingest pathogens and cell debris
- Why are they called polymorphs? (1 mark)
- Name the cell organelle most abundant in phagocytes to enable them function effectively (1 mark)
-
- State three evidence of organic evolution. (3marks)
- Explain why continuous use of antibiotics results to resistance. (2marks)
- State three biotic factors that could affect a zebra living in the Nakuru National Park. (3marks)
- List three methods used to show energy flow through the ecosystem. (3 marks)
- Name three organelles that would be abundantly present in secretory cells (3 marks)
- Name the part of the seed whose growth brings about epigeal germination. (1 mark)
- State three aspects of light that affect the rate of photosynthesis. (3 marks)
-
- State two environmental problems that can be solved by studying biology. (2 marks)
- State two characteristics of organisms that are easily observed in both animals and plants. (2marks)
- A student smeared the abdomen of a locust with Vaseline.
- What were the likely results after ten minutes? (1 mark)
- Account for the results obtained above. (2marks)
- When the locust blood was analysed it was found that the blood does not have blood pigments such as haemoglobin. Explain (2marks)
- Name the causative agents of the following diseases:
- Cholera (1 mark)
- Malaria (1 mark)
- Name the only epidermal cell in plants that contain chloroplast (1 mark)
- Name two end products of the dark stage of photosynthesis. (2 marks)
- Name the fins that prevent the following movements of fish during swimming (3marks)
- Yawing
- Pitching
- Rolling
- The scientific name of a bean is Phaseolus vulgaris. What do these names represent?
- Phaseolus (1 mark)
- vulgaris (1mark)
-
- Name the process by which urea is formed in the liver (1mark)
- Name one class of animals that excrete their nitrogenous waste product mainly in the form of uric acid. (1mark)
- State two functions of sweat in the human body (2marks)
- Name two vitamins which their absence in the diet may cause a dental disease called gingivitis (2marks)
- State three reasons why Drophila melanogaster is preferred for genetic study. (3marks)
-
- Explain what would happen to a plant cell if it is placed in a concentrated salt solution. (3marks)
- How can plasmolysis be reversed? (1mark)
MARKING SCHEME
- Name the product of anaerobic respiration that is essential in: (2marks)
- The brewing industry
- Ethanol
- The bread making industry
- Carbon (IV)Oxide
- The brewing industry
-
- What part of the human body is affected by the virus that causes poliomyelitis? (1mark)
- Joint/muscles
- Joint/muscles
- What is a vaccine? (1 mark)
- A substance rich in weakened antigens.
- A substance rich in weakened antigens.
- Other than poliomyelitis name another immunizable disease in Kenya (1mark)
- Measles; whooping cough; diphtheria; tetanus;
- Measles; whooping cough; diphtheria; tetanus;
- What part of the human body is affected by the virus that causes poliomyelitis? (1mark)
- A student mixed a sample of urine from a person with Benedict’s solution and heated, the colour changed to orange.
- What was present in the urine sample? (1 mark)
- Glucose
- Glucose
- What did the student conclude on the health status of the person? (1mark)
- The patient was suffering from diabetis mellitus
- The patient was suffering from diabetis mellitus
- Which organ in the person may not be functioning properly (1mark)
- Pancreas
- Pancreas
- What was present in the urine sample? (1 mark)
- Study the diagram below of a neurone in human being.
- Identify the type of neurone. (1mk)
- Motor neurone
- Motor neurone
- Name the parts labeled. A and B. ( 2 mks)
- Axion
- Schwan cell
- On the diagram indicate the direction of movement of a nerve impulse along the neurone (1 mk )
- Identify the type of neurone. (1mk)
- In an experiment, it was observed that when maggots are exposed to light, they move to dark areas. On the other hand , Euglena and Chlamydomonas move towards light.
- Name the type of response exhibited by the organisms (1mk)
- Phototactic/ Phototaxis/ Phototaxism;
- Phototactic/ Phototaxis/ Phototaxism;
- State one advantage of the response shown by Euglena and Chlamydomonas (1mk)
- To trap light energy for use in photosynthesis;
- To trap light energy for use in photosynthesis;
- Name the type of response exhibited by the organisms (1mk)
-
- Name two features used to group organisms in the phylum Arthropoda into classes. (2marks).
- Number of legs
- number of body parts
- presence and number of antennae
- type of eyes any two 2 marks
- Name three economic importance of organisms in kingdom Fungi. (3marks)
- Manufacture drugs
- used in baking and brewing
- food spoilage
- source of food
- causes diseases
- causes food poisoning any two 2 mks
- Name two features used to group organisms in the phylum Arthropoda into classes. (2marks).
- Name three tissues responsible for secondary growth in flowering plants. (3mks)
- Vascular cambium ;
- Cork cambium ;
- Intercalary meristem ;
- A certain plant was found to have 22 chromosomes in its calyx cells. State the number of chromosomes in the plants :- (2mks)
- Egg cell……………..11 chromosomes ;
- Endosperm cell …….33 chromosomes
- The diagram below shows an apparatus used during collection of specimen
- Identify the apparatus [1mk]
- Pitfall trap
- Pitfall trap
- What is the use of the apparatus named above
- For catching crawling animals
- For catching crawling animals
- Identify the apparatus [1mk]
- A DNA strand has the following base sequence G- C-T-A-G- A-T-C-A-C . What is the sequence of the
- Complementary DNA strand [1mk]
- C-G-G-A-T-C-T-A-G-T-G
- C-G-G-A-T-C-T-A-G-T-G
- M-RNA strand copied from this DNA strand [1mk]
- C-G-G-A-U-C-U-A-G-U-G
- C-G-G-A-U-C-U-A-G-U-G
- Complementary DNA strand [1mk]
- Phagocytes also called granulocytes or polymorphs are cells found in the blood where they ingest pathogens and cell debris
- why are they called polymorphs. [1mk]
- They have lobed nuclei
- They have lobed nuclei
- Name the cell organelle most abundant in phagocytes to enable them function effectively [1mk
- Lysosomes
- Lysosomes
- why are they called polymorphs. [1mk]
-
- State three evidence of organic evolution. (3marks)
- Fossil records geographical distribution of organism comparative anatomy cell biology comparative serology comparative embryology any three 3 marks
- Fossil records geographical distribution of organism comparative anatomy cell biology comparative serology comparative embryology any three 3 marks
- Explain why continuous use of antibiotics results to resistance. (2marks)
- the antibiotic destroys the normal forms; of the bacteria while the mutant forms survive; when bacteria are exposed to antibiotics they become adapted to living in the presence of the drug; the gene is passed to the offspring therefore establishing a population of drug resistance;
- the antibiotic destroys the normal forms; of the bacteria while the mutant forms survive; when bacteria are exposed to antibiotics they become adapted to living in the presence of the drug; the gene is passed to the offspring therefore establishing a population of drug resistance;
- State three evidence of organic evolution. (3marks)
- State three biotic factors that could affect a zebra living in the Nakuru National Park (3 marks)
- Competition;
- Predator_ prey relationships; Acc Predation
- Diseases;
- Parasitism;
- List three methods used to show energy flow through the ecosystem. (3 marks)
- Food chain;
- Foodweb;
- Ecological pyramids; Acc Pyramid of number/pyramid of biomass
- Name three organelles that would be abundantly present in secretory cells (3 marks)
- Endoplasmic reticulum;
- Golgi apparatus;
- Mitochondria;
- Name the part of the seed whose growth brings about epigeal germination. (1 mark)
- Hypocotyl;
- Hypocotyl;
- State three aspects of light that affect the rate of photosynthesis. (3 marks)
- Duration;
- Quality;
- Intensity;
-
- State two environmental problems that can be solved by studying biology. (2 marks)
- Drought;
- Conservation of resources;
- Pollution;
- Food shortage;
- Poor health;
- State two characteristics of organisms that are easily observed in both animals and plants. (2marks)
- Reproduction
- Growth and development
- State two environmental problems that can be solved by studying biology. (2 marks)
- A student smeared the abdomen of a locust with Vaseline.
- What were the likely results after ten minutes? (1 mark)
- The locust would die; Acc suffocation
- The locust would die; Acc suffocation
- Account for the results obtained above. ( 2marks)
- Vaseline blocks the spiracles; no inhalation;
- Vaseline blocks the spiracles; no inhalation;
- When the locust blood was analysed it was found that the blood does not have blood pigments such as haemoglobin. Explain (2marks)
- Does not have red blood cells
- Does not have red blood cells
- What were the likely results after ten minutes? (1 mark)
- Name the causative agents of the following diseases:
- Cholera (1mark)
- Vibrio cholerae
- Vibrio cholerae
- Malaria (1mark)
- Plasmodium species; Acc correct example of plasmodium species
- Plasmodium species; Acc correct example of plasmodium species
- Cholera (1mark)
- Name the only epidermal cell in plants that contain chloroplast [1mk]
- Guard cells
- Guard cells
- Name two end products of the dark stage of photosynthesis. (2 marks)
- glucose/fructose
- fatty acid and glycerol
- amino acid any two 2 marks
-
- Dorsal and ventral;
- Pectoral and pelvic;
- Dorsal;
- The scientific name of a bean is Phaseolus vulgaris. What do the names represent?
- Phaseolus genus; (1 mark)
- vulgaris species ; (1mark)
-
- Name the process by which urea is formed in the liver (1mark)
- Deamination;
- Deamination;
- Name one class of animals that excrete their nitrogenous waste product mainly in the form of uric acid.
- Aves,/ Insecta, /Reptilia; any one (1mark)
- Aves,/ Insecta, /Reptilia; any one (1mark)
- Name the process by which urea is formed in the liver (1mark)
- State two functions of sweat in the human body (2marks)
- Cooling; excretion;
- Cooling; excretion;
- Name two vitamins of which their absence in the diet may cause a dental disease called gingivitis (2marks)
- A and C
- A and C
- State three reasons why Drophila melanogaster is preferred for genetic study. (3marks)
- Faster maturity
- Produce many offsprings
- Has many sharply contrasting characteristics
- Can be reared easily in the lab
- Doesn’t transmit any diseases (safe to handle) any three 3 marks
-
- Explain what would happen to a plant cell if it is placed in a concentrated salt solution. (3marks)
- The plant cell will lose water by osmosis; the vacuole will shrink; the cell membrane will pull away from the cell wall; the cell will become plasmolysed;
- The plant cell will lose water by osmosis; the vacuole will shrink; the cell membrane will pull away from the cell wall; the cell will become plasmolysed;
- how can plasmolysis be reversed? (1mark)
- placing the plasmolysed cell in distilled water/hypotonic solution.
- Explain what would happen to a plant cell if it is placed in a concentrated salt solution. (3marks)
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