History and Government Paper 1 Pre Mock Questions and Answers - Mokasa I Joint Examination July 2021

Instructions to Candidates

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and
• Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section
• Answers to all the questions must be written legibly in the answer booklet provided.
• This paper consists of three printed pages
• Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing
• Candidates should answer the questions in English

Section A (25 marks)
Answer all questions in this section

1. Give two examples of unwritten sources of information on history and government. (2 marks)
2. Name two types of dwellings used by early man during the Old Stone Age period.   (2 marks)
3. Apart from Akamba, identify two Eastern Bantu communities which settled in Kenya  during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
4. Identify one way in which monsoon winds led to the development of trade between the   coast and the outside world. (1 mark)
5. Give one reason why Seyyid Said took direct control of the settlements along the coast  (1 mark)
6. Identify the main reason why suspected criminals are tried in a court of law.    (1 mark)
7. Name the document which contains the rights of a child in Kenya.  (1 mark)
8. Identify the main disadvantage of democracy.     (1 mark)
9. Identify the main reason why the Local Government was established in Kenya during the colonial period.    (1 mark)
10. Give two effects of the Wanga collaboration with the British during the establishment of colonial rule in Kenya. (2 marks)
11. Give two ways through which the colonial government in Kenya used to control the migration of Africans to urban centres. (2 marks)
12. Give the main contribution of Christian missionaries in Kenya during the struggle for independence up to 1939. (1 mark)
13. Identify the main voting system used in Kenya during the general elections. (1 mark)
14. Outline two reasons that may lead to the removal of a County Governor from office in (2 marks)
15. Name the administrative head of the Kenyan parliament. (1 mark)
16. State two ways in which the rule of law is applied in Kenya. (2 marks)
17. State two ways in which harambee spirit promotes national unity in Kenya. (2 marks)

Section B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section

18.                                                
    1. Give five reasons responsible for the migration of the River-Lake Nilotes into Kenya (5 marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Borana during the 19th (10 marks)
19.                                
    1. Identify five factors responsible for the development of the Indian Ocean trade. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five results of the Indian Ocean trade on the people of East Africa. (10 marks)
20.                                      
    1. Give five causes of the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five reasons that hastened the fight for independence in Kenya after 1945. (10 marks)
21.                                        
    1. Identify five methods employed by the British to establish their rule in Kenya. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five effects of the Maasai collaboration with the British in Kenya during the colonial period. (10 marks)

Section C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section

22.                                                  
    1. State three ways in which one can lose citizenship by registration in Kenya. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (12 marks)
23.                                    
    1. Give three rights of the Youth in Kenya. (3 marks)
    2. Discuss six features of the Constitution of Kenya (2010). (12 marks)
24.                                            
    1. Give the composition of the Cabinet in Kenya. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six solutions to the challenges facing the Judiciary in Kenya. (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Section A (25 marks)

1. Give two examples of unwritten sources of information on history and government. (2 marks)
   • Oral traditions/oral sources
   • Archaeology/paleontology
   • Genetics
   • Linguistics
   • Anthropology
     Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
2. Name two types of dwellings used by early man during the Old Stone Age period. (2 marks)
   • Rock shelters
   • Tree trunks
   • In trees
   • In caves
   • In forests
     Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
3. Apart from Akamba, identify two Eastern Bantu communities which settled in Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
   • The Aembu
   • The Ameru
   • The Agikuyu
   • The Mijikenda
   • Mbeere
   • Pokomo
   • Taita
     Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
4. Identify one way in which monsoon winds led to the development of trade between the coast and the outside world. (1 mark)
   • They facilitated the movement of goods to and from the Kenyan Coast / dhows.
   • They facilitated the movement of traders who established themselves along the Kenyan coast.
     Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
5. Give one reason why Seyyid Said took direct control of the settlements along the coast of Kenya. (1 mark)
   • To ensure revenue from taxes was remitted to Oman
   • To prevent the rulers/ governors of the coastal settlements form declaring themselves independent.
   • For maximum economic control
   • To control the Indian Ocean trade
     Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
6. Identify the main reason why suspected criminals are tried in a court of law. (1 mark)
   • To allow suspected criminals the right to free and fair trial/be proved guilty or not.
     1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
7. Name the document which contains the rights of a child in Kenya. (1 mark)
   • The Children’s act of 2001
     1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
8. Identify the main disadvantage of democracy. (1 mark)
   • It promotes dictatorship by the majority.
     1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
9. Identify the main reason why the Local Government was established in Kenya during the colonial period. (1 mark)
   • To link the central government with local communities
     1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
10. Give two effects of the Wanga collaboration with the British during the establishment of colonial rule in Kenya. (2 marks)
    • He was made the paramount chief of the Wanga in 1909 thus gained prestige.
    • Some of his people were used as agents of the British administration and were deployed as chiefs to other areas of western Kenya.
    • Mumias was made the administrative center of British rule in Western Kenya.
    • The British assisted Mumia in acquiring more territories like Bunyala and Samia.
    • He gained material benefits like firearms and manufactured goods like clothes.
    • His people were converted to Christianity.
    • He was assisted by the British to subdue his enemies like the Luo of Ugenya and other Abaluyia clans.
    • The kingdom was used as a base to colonize communities in western Kenya
    • They lost their independence to the British
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
11. Give two ways through which the colonial government in Kenya used to control the migration of Africans to urban centres. (2 marks)
    • Taking head count of those who were supposed to love in urban centers/reserves
    • Enacting strict rules about migrations into urban centers/ creation of African reserves
    • Ensuring that only those who had specific activities to undertake in the urban centers lived there
    • Introducing Kipande system
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
12. Give the main contribution of Christian missionaries in Kenya during the struggle for independence up to 1939. (1 mark)
    • They represented Africans in Legislative Council
      1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
13. Identify the main voting system used in Kenya during the general elections. (1 mark)
    • Secret Ballot
      1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
14. Outline two reasons that may lead to the removal of a County Governor from office in Kenya. (2 marks)
    • Gross violation of this Constitution or any other law
    • If one commits a crime under national or international law
    • Abuse of office or gross misconduct
    • Physical or mental incapacity
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
15. Name the administrative head of the Kenyan parliament. (1 mark)
    • The Clerk
      1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
16. State two ways in which the rule of law is applied in Kenya. (2 marks)
    • By establishing an independent court system to try criminal and civil offences.
    • Ensuring that suspected criminals are tried in a court of law and if found guilty, they are sentenced.
    • By allowing those found guilty to appeal for retrial.
    • Entitling any accused person legal representation by an advocate of the high court.
    • By arresting criminals.
    • Subjecting all citizens in the country to be governed by the same law.
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
17. State two ways in which harambee spirit promotes national unity in Kenya. (2 marks)
    • It encouraged people to work together
    • It promotes cooperation
    • It promotes equity in the distribution of resources
    • It enhances interaction of the people
    • It promotes patriotism
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
18.                                              
    1. Give five reasons responsible for the migration of the River-Lake Nilotes into Kenya (5 marks)
       • Due to drought/famine/natural calamities
       • Due to spirit of adventure.
       • Due to population pressure.
       • Due to internal conflicts/feuds.
       • Due to outbreak of diseases/epidemics.
       • They were searching for better fishing grounds.
       • Due to external attacks
       • Need for pasture and water for their livestock
         Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Borana during the 19th century. (10 marks)
       • The family was the smallest political unit
       • They had a decentralized system of government under clan elders
       • They lived in a camp and the senior most married man was recognized as its head and enforced rules and settled disputes within the family.
       • They were grouped into clans made up of related families
       • The clans were governed by the council of elders.
       • The council of elders maintained law and order in the clan and enforced rules
       • They were divided into two groups/halves/kinship called moieties for effective administration.
       • They were further subdivided into sub moieties which were then divided into clans.
       • Each half/kinship was administered by a leader called Kallu.
       • Kallu’s positions were hereditary and they settled major inter clan disputes.
       • They administered with the help of the council of elders.
       • They had a warrior class defended the community
         Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
    3. Identify five factors responsible for the development of the Indian Ocean trade. (5 marks)
       • Availability of items of trade at the coast and those from other countries
       • There was high demand of trade items by people at the coast and those from other countries.
       • Accessibility of the Kenyan coast by sea.
       • Presence of enterprising merchants in both the East African coast and the outside world like the Arabs.
       • Existence of local trade along the East African Coast formed a base
       • Improvements in water transport especially the building of strong sailing ships/ship building.
       • Existence of monsoon winds facilitated the movement of sailing ships
       • Presence of natural harbours at the coast where ships could dock with ease.
       • Relative political stability at the Kenyan coast.
         Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    4. Explain five results of the Indian Ocean trade on the people of East Africa. (10 marks)
       • It led to development/growth of towns/city states along the coast
       • Many foreigners settled in the East African coast thereby increasing their population in the region
       • Islamic code of law/sharia was introduced which was used to govern the city states/people
       • Islamic religion widely spread in the region as many people were converted into it
       • Arabic/Persian architecture was introduced which were reflected in the design of houses/mosques built in the region
       • Islamic education was introduced where Islamic schools/Madrassa were constructed
       • There was intermarriage between the early visitors and the coastal inhabitants resulting in a new breed of people called Waswahili
       • Kiswahili language emerged which was a combination of Bantu and Arabic languages
       • There was introduction of new crops like rice, cloves, millet, and fruits which became the staple food of the coastal people.
       • Islamic dressing styles were introduced where men wore long robes (kanzu) and women wore veils (buibui)
       • There was the growth of wealthy merchants who lived in splendor
       • There emerged a new structure of administration controlled by the sultans
       • It led to conflict between communities as the demand for slaves increased resulting in insecurity
       • Decline of local industries
       • Exposure of the region led to colonization
         Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
19.                                          
    1. Give five causes of the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya (5 marks)
       • Africans were against loss of land to the white settlers.
       • Africans protested poor living and working conditions.
       • The Africans resented colonial economic policies like taxation, forced labour and low wages.
       • Refusal by the colonial government to grant them political reforms following the ban of KAU.
       • Africans wanted to preserve their cultural practices which were being condemned by European missionaries.
       • Africans resented mistreatment by of Africans by the colonial police e.g. the massacre after Africans went on strike at the Uplands Bacon factory.
       • Mistreatment of African squatters in the Rift Valley after the Second World War bred hunger and frustration among the Africans e.g.at Olenguruone settlement where they evicted to drier Yatta.
       • Unemployment among the Africans more so with the closure of Karatina vegetable factory caused discontent.
       • It was a reaction against racial discrimination practiced by the whites especially in areas of employment, wages, education, health and other facilities
       • Brutality of the colonial police and African chiefs towards the Africans.
       • The refusal by the colonial government to lift the ban on KAU turned the association into an underground movement to fight against colonialism.
       • African ex-soldiers did not get the land and employment they had been promised during the First World War.
         Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Explain five reasons that hastened the fight for independence in Kenya after 1945. (10 marks)
       • The return of ex- servicemen after the Second World War exposed the myth of white supremacy making Africans ready to fight them. They also acquired expertise which enabled them to organize their resistance.
       • Failure by the colonial government to reward the African ex- service men on return embittered them.
       • Change of government from conservative to labour party in Britain made her adopt sympathetic attitude towards the nationalists struggle in her colonies such as Kenya/ Lancaster House Conference.
       • The establishment of political parties by African nationalists e.g. KAU, Nairobi peoples Convention Party, KANU, KADU, APP enhanced mobilization of the masses against colonial rule.
       • The Mau Mau uprising forced the British to realize the need of granting Kenya independence.
       • Nomination and election of Africans to the Legco enabled them to use the House as a forum to agitate for independence.
       • Emergence of trade union movement which helped to mobilize workers to fight for their rights.
       • Pan- African movement and other global bodies helped in the establishment of Afro- Asian people solidarity organization which supported the course of Africa nationalists in Kenya.
       • The return of Jomo Kenyatta from UK in 1946 strengthened the nationalistic movement in Kenya
       • Independence of other countries e.g. Ghana and India inspired African nationalists in Kenya to fight for their independence
       • The formation of the UNO and the pressure exercised on the European powers to decolonize /rise of super powers e.g. U.S.A and U.S.S.R
       • Role of African independent churches and schools.
         Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
20.                                      
    1. Identify five methods employed by the British to establish their rule in Kenya. (5 marks)
       • They used military force
       • They signed treaties/agreements with some Africa rulers/collaboration/diplomacy
       • They used divide and rule tactics
       • They lured Africans with gifts/presents/treachery
       • They established bases of operation
       • They used missionaries to pacify the Africans
       • Construction of transport networks
         Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Explain five effects of the Maasai collaboration with the British in Kenya during the colonial period. (10 marks)
       • The Maasai lost their independence.
       • They were employed as mercenaries to subdue resisting communities
       • The Maasai were rewarded with cattle acquired from uncooperative communities
       • Their land was alienated and they were pushed to the reserves.
       • Lenana was made the paramount chief of the Maasai.
       • It led to conflict between Lanana and Legalishu over the land given to the British/It led to separation/division between those for/against collaboration thereby weakening them further
       • It led to disruption of their economic activities thereby weakening them further.
       • They allowed the British to build their railway through their territory.
       • They were protected against raids from their neighbours.
         Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
21.                                              
    1. State three ways in which one can lose citizenship by registration in Kenya. (3 marks)
       • If one receives a jail term for a period of three years or more within five years from the period of registration
       • If one has been convicted of treason or an offence with a penalty of at least seven years of imprisonment or more, any time after registration
       • If citizenship was obtained through fraud or corruption.
       • If one associates with a Kenyan enemy or gives out secrets to an enemy or assists the enemy in any way.
         Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
    2. Explain six responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (12 marks)
       • To contribute to positive development of the country through hard work regardless of the job one is doing
       • Participate in all democratic processes in the country like elections and referendum.
       • Contribute positively ones’ views on issues affecting the community like taking part in debates.
       • Report law breakers and those intending to break the law.
       • Be mindful of other peoples’ welfare law like assisting the disabled, the aged, children and the less fortunate in the society.
       • Ensure proper utilization of public and private facilities and property
       • Maintain high moral and ethical standards in the society.
       • Respecting the rights and freedoms of other citizens.
       • Should be loyal and patriotic towards his or her country.
       • Being accountable and transparent especially public servants and other citizens in dealing with issues.
       • Maintaining high level of integrity in the society like avoiding vices like corruption.
       • Paying taxes to the government so that it can generate revenue for development
       • Respecting elected leaders and supporting them in initiating development projects.
         Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)
22.                                              
    1. Give three rights of the Youth in Kenya. (3 marks)
       • Right to access to relevant education and training.
       • Right to associate, be represented and participate in political, social, economic and other spheres of life.
       • Right to access to employment.
       • Right to protection from harmful cultural practices and exploitation.
         Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
    2. Discuss six features of the Constitution of Kenya (2010). (12 marks)
       • It provides for the sovereignty of the people and supremacy of the constitution
       • It provides for a National and Devolved governments with shared responsibilities/ It provides for a devolved government by creating fourty seven counties and the National government.
       • It provides for national values, principles and goals
       • It outlines the entitlement of citizenship, retention, acquisition, citizenship and marriage, children found in Kenya, dual citizenship, deprivation etc
       • It provides for recognition and respect of culture
       • It provides for enhanced bill of rights including human rights and gender commission.
       • It contains affirmative action for women, youth, persons with disabilities and marginalized groups as it protects them from discrimination.
       • It provides for land and property regulation rights.
       • Principles and obligations on the environment and natural resources have been put in place.
       • It provides for leadership and integrity principles
       • It provides for a bicameral parliament consisting of the Senate and the National Assembly/ Upper and Lower House.
       • It provides for an independent Judiciary, Superior Courts, Supreme Courts, and High Court
       • Provides for the position of the president, deputy president and the cabinet.
       • It provides for public finance and revenue management
       • It provides for transitional requirements that ensure smooth transition of government.
       • It establishes the National Security Organs comprising of Kenya Defence Forces, National Intelligence Service and National Police service.
       • It establishes commissions and independent offices.
         Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)
23.                                    
    1. Give the composition of the Cabinet in Kenya. (3 marks)
       • The President
       • The Deputy President
       • Attorney General
       • The Cabinet Secretaries
         Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
    2. Explain six solutions to the challenges facing the Judiciary in Kenya. (12 marks)
       • Employment of more personnel like judges and magistrates to help clear the backlog of cases.
       • Improving the terms of service and remunerations of judges and magistrates.
       • Increasing the funding to the Judiciary to enable it acquire modern equipment, and build more courts.
       • Educating the public to make them aware of their legal rights and court procedures.
       • Making courts more independent and free from external interference.
       • Lowering court fees to make them affordable to ordinary citizens.
       • Reviewing the Penal Code to make it relevant and responsive to changing circumstances.
       • Making courts corruption free zones by creating awareness on the ills of corruption.
         Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)