INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE
- This paper consists of three sections A, B, and C.
- Answer all questions in section A, three in section B and two in section C.
- All answers must be written in the answer booklet provided
FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY
SECTION |
SECTION A |
SECTION B |
SECTION C |
TOTAL |
|||||
QUESTIONS |
1-17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
|
SCORE |
QUESTIONS
SECTION A ( 25 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section
- Identify two chemical methods of dating fossils (2 marks)
- State two features of a government. (2 marks)
- Name one source of information on the creation theory. (1 mark)
- Give two symbols of authority in pre-colonial Buganda Kingdom. (2 marks)
- Name two participants of the Trans-Saharan trade apart from the Tuaregs. (2 marks)
- Apart from scrolls, give one other material on which messages were written in ancient times. (1 mark)
- Give two political effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. (2 marks)
- Give one importance of the Odwira Festival in the ancient Kingdom of Asante. (1 mark)
- Give two factors that determine the form of a constitution. (2 marks)
- Mention one social factor that led to the African resistance during the colonial period. (1 mark)
- State one undiplomatic method used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa. (1 mark)
- Name the underground movement established by African National Congress to fight against apartheid system in South Africa. (1 mark)
- State two functions of emirs in Northern Nigeria. (2 marks)
- State the main reason why U.S.A. took a neutral stand at first during the First World War. (1 mark)
- State the immediate incident that sparked off the Second World War (1 mark)
- What is Veto power as adopted by United Nations Security Council? (1 mark)
- Name one two political parties that fought for independence in Ghana (1 mark)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer ANY THREE questions in this section
-
- Identify five factors that facilitated early agriculture in Mesopotamia. (5 marks)
- Explain five causes of food shortage in Africa today . (10 marks)
-
- State three disadvantages of using coal as a source of energy. (3 marks)
- Explain six effects of scientific inventions on industry. (12 marks)
-
- State three factors that enabled Europeans to colonize Africa in the 19th Century.(3 marks)
- Explain six political effects of partitioning Africa. (12 marks)
-
- State five conditions that one had to fulfill in order to be fully assimilated in Senegal. (5 marks)
- Explain the effects of British Direct rule in Zimbabwe. (10 marks)
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer ANY TWO questions in this section
-
- Give three parts into which the Asante kingdom was divided into (3 marks)
- Explain six aspects of the political organization of Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (12 marks)
-
- Name any three treaties that formed the Treaty of Versailles. (3 marks)
- Explain six reasons why the League of Nations failed to preserve world Peace and security (12 marks)
-
- Identify any three Pan- Africanists from Africa. (3 marks)
- Explain six achievements of Pan-Africanism. (12 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Identify two chemical methods of dating fossils (2mks)
- Radio-carbon dating
- Potassium-argon dating
- State two features of a government. (2mks)
- Has rules
- Legitimacy from the subjects
- Has sovereignty
- Has jurisdiction
- Law enforcement
- Name one source of information on the creation theory. (1mk)
- The Bible
- The Koran
- Give two symbols of authority in pre-colonial Buganda Kingdom. (2mks)
- Royal drum
- Royal spears
- Name two participants of the trans-saharan trade apart from the Tuaregs. (2mks)
- Berbers
- Western Sudan rulers
- Western Sudan people
- Arabs from the North
- Apart from scrolls, give one other material on which messages were written in ancient times.(1mk)
- Parchment
- Stone tablets
- Give two political effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. (2mks)
- Led to rise of Marxist political ideology
- Resulted to colonization of Africa by European powers
- Led to establishment of trade union movement.
- Resulted in rise of the middle class who became vocal in demanding political reforms.
- Increased numbers of unemployed masses who provided a fertile ground for the violent revolutions that took place in Europe in the 19th Century were easily recruited by organizations opposed to the state.
- Give one importance of the Odwira Festival in the ancient Kingdom of Asante. (1mk)
- To pay allegiance to the king
- A time to honour the dead
- To entertain people
- A time to settle disputes among themselves
- Unifying the people
- Give two factors that determine the form of a constitution. (2mks)
- Historic background
- Religious beliefs of a people
- Racial composition
- Geographical factors
- Mention one social factor that led to the African resistance during the colonial period. (1mk)
- Cultural interference by the Europeans
- Inspiration by their religious leaders.
- Muslims were opposed to Christianity
- State one undiplomatic method used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa (1mk)
- Military conquest
- Divide and rule
- Name the underground movement established by African National Congress to fight against apartheid system in South Africa. (1mk)
- Umkhonto We Sizwe/Spear of the Nation
- State two functions of emirs in Northern Nigeria. (2mks)
- Collected taxes
- Tried cases/settled disputes
- Maintained law and order
- Recruited labour for public works
- Eliminated practices which were not acceptable to the British
- State the main reason why U.S.A. took a neutral stand at first during the First World War (1mk)
- To safe-guard her economic interests
- State the immediate incident that sparked off the Second World War (1mk)
- Germany’s/Hitler’s attack on Poland
- What is Veto power as adopted by United Nations Security Council? (1mk)
- A decision cannot be adopted if any of the permanent member of the Security Council votes against it.
- Name one two political party that fought for independence in Ghana
- United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)
- Convention people’s party (CPP)
- National league of the Gold Coast
-
- Five factors that facilitated early Agriculture in Mesopotamia( 5mks)
- Development of transport system e.g wheel carts
- Political stability
- Availability of cheap labour
- Availability of indigenous crops and animals
- Construction of canals / bucket irrigation /dykes
- Fertile soil/ silt
- Water for irrigation from Tigris and Euphrates
- Settlement in Summeria by people with knowledge about Agriculture.
- Five causes of food shortage in Africa today (10 mks)
- Many parts of Africa have little or no rain over several years
- The rapid population growth rate have overtaken food production
- Inadequate good storage facilities cause food wastages.
- Poor state of roads in many African countries hinders transportation of food.
- Low prices of food stuff have discouraged farmers.
- Due to crop diseases and pests which destroys food crops
- Emphasis on cash crop farming at the expense of food crops
- Environmental degradation through deforestation / overgrazing
- civil wars in many parts have displaced people from farms
- Poor food policies have discouraged farmers due to lack of incentives.
- Five factors that facilitated early Agriculture in Mesopotamia( 5mks)
-
- Disadvantages of using coal ( 3 mks)
- Polluted the environment
- It is bulky and difficult to transport
- Expensive to mine and transport
- Coal mining is risky / can cause accidents
- It is non- renewable.
- Six effects of scientific invention on industry (12mks)
- Led to production of goods
- Led to adequate supply of goods / met demands
- Invention of printing press has led to mass production of newspapers , books ,periodicals & magazines
- It has revolutionized transport sector eg railway
- New sources of energy led to building of new iron and steel industries.
- Has created employment opportunities in industries
- Production of large quantities has opened up trade due to industrial manufacture of military hardware.
- Led to pollution of environment.
- Automation of industries has led to loss of jobs.
- Disadvantages of using coal ( 3 mks)
-
- State three factors that enabled Europeans to colonize Africa in the 19th Century . (3mks)
- Disunity among Africans, some collaborated with Europeans
- Use of the divide and rule where they played one community against another.
- They used tricks / lured African chiefs with gifts
- They used companies to acquire territories in Africa
- Superior weapons used by European armies
- African communities had been weakened by wars and natural calamities.
- Explain six political effects of the partition of Africa. (12mks)
- Africans lost their independence as the Europeans established colonies
- African system of governments was replaced by European systems.
- Modern African states were created by the boundaries drawn during partition.
- African communities found themselves splits into different neighboring states without consultation.
- Local rulers lost their authority to European colonial administrators
- Intensification of tribal/ethnic difference eg Rwanda & Burudi.
- Administrative post / forts / bases were established across the continent of Africa.
- Closer ties were forged between Africans and Europeans which created over dependency.
- Intensification of warfare among African communities due to the divide and rule strategy.
- State three factors that enabled Europeans to colonize Africa in the 19th Century . (3mks)
-
- Five conditions that one had to fulfill in order to be fully assimilated in Senegal. (5mks)
- Ability to speak French
- Literacy in French
- Service in the French Government /Army
- Had to be monogamous
- Accepting Christianity
- The effects of British direct rule in Zimbabwe (10 mks)
- Led to massive land alienation by white settlers
- It oppressed and suppressed the Africans- by white administrators
- Reduced crop production due to overcrowding in reserves
- Led to loss of authority and power by traditional chiefs to colonial administrators.
- Eroded African culture and practices
- Africans were denied their right of voting and electing representatives.
- Subjected Africans to heavy taxation
- Subjected Africans to forced labor, poverty, suffering and hunger.
- Five conditions that one had to fulfill in order to be fully assimilated in Senegal. (5mks)
-
- Give three parts into which the Asante kingdom was divided into
- Kumasi(the metropolitan Asante)
- Amatoo states
- Provincial Asante.
- Explain six aspects of political organization of the Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period (12 marks)
- They were ruled by a King (Mwene Mutapa) who had absolute authority over the subjects.
- The King’s position was hereditary so as to reduce succession disputes.
- The King was assisted by several people eg the court steward.
- There was an advisory council whose work was to advise the king.
- The Kingdom was divided into provinces under provincial / lesser chiefs who were directly answerable to the king.
- The provinces were divided in to chiefdoms ruled by chiefs.
- Under the chiefs there were head men who were in charge of the villages.
- They had a standing army whose main duty was to defend / expand the empire.
- The king was a symbol of unity as he was semi-divine.
- There existed priests who acted as spies for the king.
FIRST 6 x 2 = 12 mrks
- Give three parts into which the Asante kingdom was divided into
-
- Three treaties that formed the Treaty of Versailles ( 3mks)
- The treaty of Versailles with Germany
- The treaty of St Germain with Austria
- The treaty of Neully with Bulgaria
- The treaty of Trianon with Hungary
- The Treaty of serves with Turkey
- Six reasons why the league of Nations failed to preserve world peace and security . ( 12 mks)
- Weakness of the covenant in making unanimous decisions against aggressors
- Lack of military force or wing to implement its decisions
- Failure of USA to ratify the leagues charter and rejection of the Versailles Treaty by the USA senate.
- Lack of sufficient funds to efficiently carry out its programmes.
- Nationalism made the state to follow their own interests rather than global interests.
- The league lacked adequate support since most members were guided by self-interests.
- Several major powers remained outside the league e.g USA, Germany, USSR.
- Member’s states were timid & employed the policy of appeasement towards dictators.
- The league was perceived by the world powers as working to benefit allied members who were dominant.
- Its operations were hampered by the Great depression of 1929 which ravaged world economies.
- Failure of Disarmament conference in which Germany demanded equal armament with France.
- Three treaties that formed the Treaty of Versailles ( 3mks)
-
- Three Pan- Africanist from Africa ( 3 mks)
- Jomo Kenyatta – Kenya
- Kwame Nkrumah – Ghana
- Peter Abraham – S.A frica
- Nnamdi Azikiwe – Nigeria
- Kamuzu Banda – Malawi
- Gamal abdel Nasser – Egypt
- J.K Aggrey –Ghana
- Haile Sellasie – Ethiopia
- Achievements of Pan- Africa ( 12 mks)
- Enlightened black people about their shared origin hence created sense of unity.
- Laid foundation for research of African culture , history , Music , religion , art etc
- Nurtured nationalism in African continent and demanded for independence.
- Encouraged black people to take pride of their culture.
- Provided a forum where Africans discussed their problems.
- Encourage the spirit of solidarity and made leaders more committed to issues.
- Paved way for formation of OAU –(Organization of African Unity).
- Italy’s Mussolini attempt to colonize Ethiopia in 1935 was condemned in major towns e.g. New York , London , Brussels etc by the movement.
- Three Pan- Africanist from Africa ( 3 mks)
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