Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Momaliche Joint Pre Mock Exams 2022

Instructions to Candidates

• This paper has two sections A, and B.
• Answer all the question in section A
• Answer questions 6 and any two in section B.
• All answers must be written in English

SECTION A
Answer all questions in this section

1.  
   1. What is a derelict land? (2 mks)
   2. State three causes of land dereliction. (3 mks)
2.  
   1. State three problems facing coffee farming in Kenya. (3mks)
   2. Outline two benefits of coffee farming in Brazil. (2 mks)
3.  
   1. What are floods? (2 mks)
   2. Mention two advantages of farrow irrigation. (2 mks)
   3. Name one river which causes large scale flooding in Kenya. (1 mk)
4.  
   1. Distinguish between a Game reserve and a National Park. (2 mks)
   2. Other than advertisement, mention three steps taken by the Kenyan government to promote tourism in the country. (3 mks)
5.  
   1. Define the term industry. (2 mks)
   2. State three factors necessary for location of an industry. (3mks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and two from this section.

6. The table below shows fish production by some selected countries in 1998. (Production in tonnes).
   Study it and use it to answer questions that follow:
   

   COUNTRY	PRODUCTION IN TONNES
   Japan  Norway  South Korea  Kenya	1440  1020  810  330

   1.  
      1. Calculate the percentage of fish production by Norway. (2 mks)
      2. Using 12cm long rectangle present the above data using a divided rectangle. (9 mk)
      3. State two advantages of presenting data using divided rectangle. (2 mks)
   2. Outline two major methods used in commercial fishing. (2 mks)
   3. State two reasons why market for marine fish is low in Kenya. (2 mks)
   4. Explain four factors favouring fishing in Japan. (8 mks)
7.  
   1.  
      1. What is agro-forestry? (2mk)
      2. Give four reasons why afforestation is being encouraged in Kenya. (4 mks)
   2.  
      1. State four measures being taken to conserve forests in Kenya. (4mks)
      2. Explain five factors that limit the exploitation of tropical rain forests in Africa. (10 mks)
   3.  
      1. Mention three uses of Mangrove forests. (3 mks)
      2. Name two major forest blocks found along the Kenyan coast. (2 mks)
8.  
   1.  
      1. Differentiate between horticulture and market gardening. (2 mks)
      2. State four factors that favour horticulture in Kenya. (4 mks)
   2.  
      1. Name onehorticulture farming area in the Netherlands. (1 mk)
      2. State four ways through which Kenya has benefited from horticultural farming. (4 mks)
      3. Explain three problems facing horticultural farming in Kenya. (6mks)
   3. Explain five conditions that have made horticultural farming in Netherlands more successful than Kenya. (8 mks)
9.  
   1. Define the term wildlife. (2 mks)
   2. Explain how the following factors influence wildlife distribution in Kenya.
      1. Climate (4 mks)
      2. Human Activities (4 mks)
   3. Study the map of East Africa and answer the questions that follow:
      
      1.  Identify the National Parks marked M,N, O and P. (4 mks)
      2. Name one sanctuary found in Kenya. (1 mk)
   4. State two problems facing wildlife in East Africa. (2 mks)
   5. Explain four significance of wildlife in Kenya. (8 mks)
10.  
    1.  
       1. Name two non-renewable sources of energy. (2 mks)
       2. State three uses of energy in an industry. (3 mks)
    2.  
       1. State five advantages of using hydro-electric power over other forms of energy. (5mks)
       2. State five measures that Kenya may take to manage energy-crisis. (5 mks)
    3. Explain five effects of energy crisis in the world. (10 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A
Answer all questions in this section

1.  
   1. What is a derelict land? (2 mks)
      • This is land that has been abandoned because it is damaged, has no vegetation and is depleted of minerals.
   2. State three causes of land dereliction. (3 mks)
      • Overgrazing and overstocking.
      • Mining
      • Deforestation
      • Poor farming methods like monocropping.
2.  
   1. State three problems facing coffee in Kenya. (3 mks)
      • Attack by pests like leave miner –coffee leaves
      • diseases such as coffee berry disease
      • fluctuation of coffee prices which discourage farmers
      • inadequate capital for buying farm inputs and paying labour
      • mismanagement of coffee cooperative societies.
   2. Outline two benefits of coffee farming in Brazil
      • employment opportunities –industries,farms,etc
      • earnings from coffee export –developing sectors such as education,health,etc
      • provision of coffee bevearage
3.  
   1. What are floods?
      • Floods are unusual/excessive covering of an area by water, through a temporary rise in the level of river, lake, sea or rain.
   2. Mention two advantages of farrow irrigation. (2 mks)
      • Furrows can be repaired when they become eroded.
      • Weeds grows in the furrows are constantly removed.
   3. Name one river which causes large scale flooding in Kenya. (1 mk)
      • River Tana
      • River Yala
      • River Nyando
      • River EwasoNyiro
      • River Nzoia
      • River Kuja
4.  
   1. Distinguish between game reserve and a National Park. (2 mks)
      • Game reserve is an area set aside for preservation of wild game where human activities such as agriculture and settlement are allowed whereas a national park is an area set aside for preservation of scenery, wildlife and historical sites to protect from destruction.
   2. Other than advertisement, mention three steps taken by the Kenyan government to promote tourism in the country.
      • Improve infrastructural facilities.
      • Encouraging local and foreign investors to invest in hotels attractive ones.
      • Training institutions to train all cadres of human resource.
      • Conservation and management of wildlife through.
5.  
   1. Define the term industry. (2 mks)
      • Is an economic activity dealing with the processing or manufacturing of raw materials into a more useful product and service.
   2. State three factors necessary for location of an industry. (2 mks)
      • Capital
      • Market
      • Power
      • Government policy
      • Labour – skilled and non-skilled

SECTION B

6. The table below shows fish production by some selected countries in 1998. (Production in tonnes).
   Study it and use it to answer question a.

   COUNTRY	PRODUCTION IN TONNES
   Japan  Norway  South Korea  Kenya	1440  1020  810  330

   1.  
      1. Calculate the percentage fish production by Norway. (2 mks)
         Percentage fish production by Norway
         1,020 x 100 = 28.333%
         3,600
      2. Using 12cm long rectangle present the above data using a divided rectangle. (9 mks)
         Calculations of lengths of the components.
         Japan = 1440   x 12 = 4.8cm
                        3600
         Norway = 1020 x 12 = 3.4cm
                         3600
         South Korea =  810  x 12 = 2.7cm
                                 3600
         Kenya =  330   x 12 = 1.1cm
                       3600
         Divided rectangle representing fish production in some countries in 1998.
         Marks Distribution
         Title (1mk)
         Key (1 mk)
         Calculations @ 1mk max (1 mk)
         Divided rectangle 12cm length (1 mk)
         Portions arranged in order (2 mks)
      3. State two advantages of presenting data using divided rectangle. (2 mks)
         • It’s easy to draw.
         • It’s easy to read and interprete.
         • It gives clear visual impression of individual components.
   2. Outline two major methods used in commercial fishing. (2 mks)
      • Trawling
      • Drifting
      • Seining
      • Line fishing
   3. State two reasons why market for marine fish is low in Kenya. (2 mks)
      • High prices of fish discourage its consumption.
      • Sparse population of Coastal areas.
      • Low purchasing power of fish eating communities.
      • Poor transport to the interior.
      • Agricultural products at the coast reduces rate of fish consumption.
   4. Explain four factors favouring fishing in Japan. (8 mks)
      • Large market for fish within Japan and abroad.
      • Large continental shelf with shallow water provides suitable conditions for growth of planktons.
      • Highly indented coastline with many bays and sheltered inlets provides suitable sites for fishing parts.
      • Cool waters created by meeting of warm Kuroshio and cold Oyashio currents provide suitable conditions for planktons.
      • Highly developed technology which has made deep sea fishing effient hence increasing fish catch.
      • Japan is highly mountainous with little agriculture making fishing a source of food.
      • Long history of fishing in Japan. Fishing is taught in learning institutions.
7.  
   1.  
      1. What  agro-forestry? (1 mk)
         • This is the planting of trees and crops within the same field/piece of land at the same time.
      2. Give four reasons why afforestation is being encouraged in Kenya. (4 mks)
         • To ensure continuous supply of wood.
         • To reduce importation of forests products and save foreign exchange.
         • To create employment opportunities.
         • To protect soil from erosion.
         • To protect and improve water catchment areas.
         • To maintain hydrological cycle of water.
         • To create science beaty.
         • To expand habital for wildlife and conserve wildlife. (4 mks)
   2.  
      1. Explain five measures being taken to conserve forests in Kenya. (5 mks)
         • Tree planting.
         • People seek permit if they want to cut trees.
         • The forest reserves are patrolled by guards to ensure that fires are reported promptly.
         • Research is carried out by the forest department to produce and distribute seedlings.
         • People are encouraged to use alternative source of energy/energy saving Jikos. (5 mks)
      2. Explain five factors that limit the exploitation of tropical rain forests in Africa. (10 mks)
         • The vegetation has a thick undergrowth.
         • Trees aren’t in sure strands for extraction of valuable species.
         • The climbers/thick vegetation obstructs felling of trees.
         • The trees are so hard-slows felling of trees.
         • The water logged/swampy grounds makes the construction and maintenance of roads herd.
         • The hot and humid climatic conditions are uncomfortable for the lumber jacks – encourages breeding of diseases.
         • Some animals found in the forests are dangerous.
         • Heavy bulky logs are mature and discourages exploitation.
         • There is limited use of tropical hard woods which discourages exploitation.
            
   3.  
      1. Mention three economic uses of mangrove forests.
         • The bark of mangrove forests provide tannin used in tanning leather.
         • Building and construction.
         • Exported to earn income.
      2. Name 2 major forest blocks found along the Kenyan coast.
         • Shimba Hills
         • Lower Tana River forests
         • Witu Forest Reserve
         • Arabuko- Sokoke Forest
         • Diani Forest 
         • Kaya Ribe.
8.  
   1.  
      1. Differentiate between Horticulture and Market gardening. (2 mks)
         • Horticulture is the growing of fruits vegetables and flower for export while market gardening is the growing of fruits and vegetables mainly for local consumption.
      2. State four factors that favour horticulture in Kenya. (4 mks)
         • Varied climate conditions that allow variety of crops to grow.
         • Presence of fertile volcanic soils.
         • Hot climate for quick growth.
         • Availability of water for irrigation from rivers.
         • Reliable and well distributed rainfall in some areas.
   2.  
      1. Name three major Horticulture farming areas in the Netherlands.     
         • Around Rotterdam.
         • The Large and the Hook of Holland triangle.
         • Laiden a Harlem.
      2. List four ways through which Kenya has benefited from horticultural farming. (4 mks)
         • Earns foreign exchange through export.
         • Provides income self-employment.
         • Has ensured effective use of land due to intensive farming.
         • It provides raw material for canning and vegetable industries.
         • Has led to improved infrastructure in some areas.
      3. Explain three problems that horticultural farming in Kenya face. (3 mks)
         • High cost of input discourages farmers.
         • Seasonal roads limit accessibility of farms and collecting centres.
         • Fluctuation of prices demoralizes farmer.
         • Stiff competitions on international market.
         • Pests and diseases destroy crops and increase costs.
         • High freight charges reduce profit.
         • Poor marketing systems lead to rotting in farms.
         • Inadequate cooling systems lead to reduction in quality of perishable crops.
   3. Explain five conditions that have made horticultural farming in Netherlands more successful than Kenya.
      • More advanced technology that lead to highly mechanized farming.
      • Good transport system that include harboursi.e Rotterdam.
      • Centralized position in Europe which makes it more accessible to freight market and high demand from the population in urban areas.
      • Highly organized marketing system.
      • Co-operative society market and provide loans.
      • Cooler climates maximize profit.
      • Skilled labour.
9.  
   1. Define the term wildlife. (2 mks)
      • Wildlife refers to the animals (fauna) and plants (flora) existing in their natural habitat.
   2. Explain how the following factors influence wildlife distribution in Kenya.
      1. Climate (4 mks)
         • Where there is abundant rainfall, a variety of plant species grow – Big forest trees are abundant and a variety of animals like baboons, elephants exist in such areas.
         • Low rainfall results in extensive grasslands where a large variety of herbivores live.
         • Warm and hot parts accommodate most animals in East Africa.
         • High and Cold Mountains inhabit animals such as a gorillas.
         • Low temperatures discourage tree growth. 
      2. Human Activities (4 mks)
         • Human activities such as tree-felling for timber/charcoal destroy vegetation.
         • Activities such as illegal hunting of animals makes some species of animals threatened with extinction.
         • Activities such as road construction, setting up of settlements or farms, building reservoirs results in reservoirs which displaces destroy wildlife.
         • Afforestation increases forest cover.
   3. Study the map of East Africa and answer the questions that follow
      1. Identify the National Parks marked M,N,O and P. (4 mks)
         • M-Murchison Falls National Park
         • N-Nairobi National Park
         • O-Tsavo National Park
         • P-Serengeti National Park
      2. Name one sanctuary found in Kenya. (1 mk)
         • Flamingo sanctuary – NAKURU
         • Ostrich – Laikipia
         • Kisumu Impala
         • Crescent Island
         • Crate lake sanctuary
         • Taita Hills
   4. State two problems facing wildlife in East Africa. (2 mks)
      • Poaching – Reducing nos of animal species i.e rare ones, rhirios and elephants.
      • Pests 
      • Wildlife – human conflict 
      • Over-grazing
      • Inadequate capital
      • Bush –fires
      • Pests
   5. Explain four significance of wildlife in Kenya. (8 mks)
      • Natural beauty, Attracts tourists from within outside.
        
      • Foreign exchange earner.
      • Preservation of flora and fauna.
      • Wildlife provider a field research.
      • Employment opportunities raising living standards.
      • Government revenue.
10.  
    1.  
       1. Name two non-renewable sources of energy. (2 mks)
          • Petroleum
          • Coal
          • Peat
          • Nuclear energy
       2. State three uses of energy in an industry. (3 mks)
          • Running the engines.
          • Lubrication of moving parts.
          • Wood fiel used for drying tea/tobacco.
          • Petroleum products used in transportation.
    2.  
       1. State three advantages of using hydro-electric power over other forms of energy. (3 mks)
          • It’s clean to the user.
          • It cannot be exhausted.
          • It is easy to use.
          • It can easily be transported.
          • Has many varieties of users.
       2. State five measures that Kenya may take to manage energy-crisis. (5 mks)
          • Should seek for alternative sources of energy to avoid over depence on oil e.g Biomass, Geothermal H.e.pect.
          • Encourage Kenyans to use energy saving devices so as to reduce the amount of oil used.
          • Control importation of vehicles with high engine capacity to reduce the consumption of oil.
          • Encourage people to travel in public transport hence reduce No. of vehicles on roads.
          • Improve the flow of traffic especially in urban areas so as to to reduce traffic Jam hence reducing fuel consumption.
          • Improve road surface especially urban areas to avoid delay that lead to high fuel consumption.
    3. Explain five effects of energy crisis in the world. (10 mks)
       • Foreign exchange reserves are entirely on importation of oil.
       • A rise petroleum leads to higher production costs.
       • Limited financing of industrial operations.
       • Slow industrial growth especially in developed nations.
       • Increased transport costs which affects prices of goods leading to increase in prices of goods, lowering living standards.
       • Motivate oil producing countries to produce more due to attractive prices.
       • Encourage energy conservation.