SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in the section.
- Identify two advantages of the upright posture to the early man. (2marks)
- Name the tools used by early man in the second phase of the Old Stone Age period. (1mark)
- State two disadvantages of silent barter trade. (2marks)
- Mention the form of writing that developed in Egypt as a result of early agriculture. (1mark)
- Give one negative consequence of iron working in Africa. (1mark)
- Identify two demerits of smoke signals as used in traditional communication. (2marks)
- State two advantages of space exploration. (2marks)
- Who invented the printing press? (1mark)
- Mention two characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe. (2marks)
- How did the Shona refer to their God? (1mark)
- State two sources of British law. (2marks)
- Identify two types of Monarchial governments. (2marks)
- Give two peaceful methods used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa. (2marks)
- Mention the French method of administration that replaced the assimilation policy. (1mark)
- Identify the immediate cause of the Second World War. (1mark)
- Give the UN agency tasked with promoting workers welfare. (1mark)
- Identify the official head of the common wealth organization. (1mark)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.
-
- Identify three hunting methods used by early man. (3marks)
- Describe the culture of early man during the middle Stone Age period. (12marks)
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- Mention five economic activities carried out in Buganda kingdom in the 19th century. (5marks)
- Explain five factors for the growth of Shona kingdom. (10marks)
-
- Identify three chattered companies that were used to administer European possessions in Africa. (3mrks)
- Explain six positive effects of European colonization of Africa. (12marks)
-
- Mention five reasons for the failure of the Maji Maji uprising. (5marks)
- Explain five disadvantages of Samori Toures second empire at Dabakala. (10marks)
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section
-
- Identify five aims of the League of Nations. (5marks)
- Explain five challenges faced by UNO. (10marks)
-
- Outline five causes of the First World War. (5marks)
- Describe five effects of cold war. (10marks)
-
- Identify three reasons why the Manchester Pan African congress of 1945 was unique. (3marks)
- Explain six reasons why Pan African Movement was not properly established in Africa by 1945. (12marks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Advantages of the upright posture to the early man.
- Could see coming danger and prepare for defenses.
- Could easily sport animals for food.
- Could easily carry food and young ones.
- Was easy for him to make tools. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Tools used by early man in the second phase of the Old Stone Age period.
- Acheulian. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Disadvantages of silent barter trade
- Transaction took long and wasted time.
- It was difficult to establish actual value of goods.
- Sometimes traders lacked double coincidence of wants. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Form of writing that developed in Egypt as a result of early agriculture.
- Hieroglyphics. (1 x 1 = 1mks)
- Negative consequence of iron working in Africa.
- Led to warfare.
- Desertification. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Two demerits of smoke signals used in traditional communication.
- Was affected by adverse weather e.g. strong winds, fog,
- Could only reach those on the lookout.
- No confidentiality. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Advantages of space exploration
- Enhanced weather forecasting.
- Expanded mans knowledge of the universe.
- Advanced air defense systems for spying. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Who invented the printing press?
- Johannes Gutenberg. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe.
- Use of machines to replace human labour.
- Invention of new methods of mass production.
- Rise of factory system to replace cottage industries.
- Production of high quality products.
- Organizing workers into shifts.
- Use of new sources of energy e.g oil, steam, coal. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- How did the Shona refer to their God
- Mwari (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Sources of British law
- Acts of parliament e.g Magna carta
- Legal publications by reputable authorities.
- The Hansard i.e. official verbatim report of parliament.
- Case laws i.e. decisions made by British law courts.
- Royal prerogatives.
- Conventions and practices. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Types of monarchial governments
- Absolute
- Constitutional (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Peaceful methods used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa.
- Diplomacy
- Signing of treaties
- Luring of leaders (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- French method of administration that replaced the assimilation policy
- Association (1 x 1 = 1mk
- Cause of the Second World War
- German invasion of Poland (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Give the UN agency tasked with promoting workers welfare
- International Labour Organization. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Official head of the common wealth organization
- The British Monarch. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
SECTION B
-
- Three hunting methods used by early man
- Chasing animals towards muddy and steep areas.
- Digging pits and covering them with leaves.
- Waiting for animals near watering points.
- Setting bushes ablaze and waiting for animals to come out.
- Throwing stones at animals. (3 x 1 = 3mks)
- Culture of early man during the middle Stone Age period
- Man made sangoan/levallois tools.
- Had learnt to wear animal skins.
- Decorated his body with red ochre and wore beads.
- Lived in rock shelters and caves.
- Got food by hunting and gathering.
- Cooked his food because he had invented fire.
- Man did rock art.
- Communicated using clicks and grunts.
- Lived in small groups for security reasons. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
- Three hunting methods used by early man
-
- Economic activities carried out in Buganda kingdom in the 19th century.
- Crop farming e.g bananas
- Livestock keeping.
- Fishing.
- Canoe building.
- Cloth making using barks of trees.
- Salt mining.
- Iron working.
- Pottery.
- Basketry.
- Trading. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
- Factors for the growth of Shona kingdom
- Farming which supported the population and strengthened the economy.
- Trade which brought a lot of wealth.
- Able leadership with powerful kings e.g Chikura and Nyatsimba Mutota.
- Strong army that guarded and expanded the empire.
- Availability of mineral resources such as gold and copper that were traded in.
- Had a strong religion i.e. Mwari/ Mlimo cult that emphasized unity.
- Availability of strong weapons acquired through trade for defense. (5 x 2 = 10mks)
- Economic activities carried out in Buganda kingdom in the 19th century.
-
- Chattered companies that were used to administer European possessions in Africa.
- Imperial British East African Company
- Royal Niger Company
- British South African Company
- British East African Company
- German East African Company (3 x 1 = 3mks)
- Positive effects of European colonization of Africa.
- Protection of the missionaries helped them to carry out the task of evangelizing Africans.
- The Berlin principle of effective occupation led to infrastructure development of the colonies.
- Helped in abolishing some evils in Africa such as witch craft and slavery.
- Led to the abolition of slave trade and the establishment of legitimate trade.
- Introduced Africa to a long lasting international trade.
- Led to the establishment of formal education in Africa.
- Urbanization as colonial administrative posts and forts grew into big towns.
- Oppressive racial rules created awareness among Africans and this led to the foundation of the Pan Africanist Movement. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
- Chattered companies that were used to administer European possessions in Africa.
-
- Reasons for the failure of the Maji Maji uprising
- Germans had strong weapons like guns while the Africans were unarmed (inferior weapons).
- Disunity among Africans some communities supported Germans against fellow Africans.
- The capturing of African leaders demoralized the fighters.
- Failure of the traditional religion to protect them against the bullets.
- Germans use of scorched earth policy starved the Africans.
- Africans were disorganized. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
- Disadvantages of Samori Toures second empire at Dabakala
- Samori Toure was cut off from Bure and Wagara gold mines that were the main source of wealth.
- He was cut from free town where he obtained arms.
- Southern boundary was open to attack by the French in Ivory Coast.
- The British occupation of Asante hindered his Eastward migration.
- He was besieged/surrounded by the French as they occupied all territories neighbouring Dabakala.(5 x 2 = 10mks)
- Reasons for the failure of the Maji Maji uprising
SECTION C
-
- Aims of the League of Nations
- Maintain world peace and avert any future wars.
- Settle international disputes peacefully.
- Supervise mandated territories.
- Nurture international cooperation.
- Promote respect of the sovereignty of member states.
- Gradually work towards disarmament. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
- Challenges faced by UNO
- Ideological differences among UNO leaders and member countries.
- Countries tend to put their national interests first at the expense of UNO interests.
- Insufficient funds to support its programmes.
- UNO lacks machinery to enforce its decisions as it does not have its own standing army.
- The veto power held by the five permanent members is used as a weapon of influence.
- Deep rooted regional conflicts between some member countries e.g. Gulf crisis
- Divided loyalty as members of UNO belong to other organizations. (5 x 2 = 10mks)
- Aims of the League of Nations
-
- Causes of the First World War
- Imperialism
- Arms race
- First and second Moroccan crisis
- Desire of France to revenge over Franco Prussian war
- Nationalism in the Balkans.
- System of Alliance.
- Hitler’s ambitions.
- Sarajevo’s assassination. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
- Effects of cold war
- Led to space race.
- Caused insecurity in the world as each power tried to spread its ideology.
- In some countries it broke into real war e.g. Korea and Vietnam.
- Led to serious crisis e.g. Hungarian revolution.
- Led to the splitting of some countries e.g Korea and Vietnam.
- Led to coups and counter coups in African states leading to the rise of dictators.
- The iron curtain policy led to restriction of movement in some states e.g Germany.
- Led to arms races. (5 x 2 = 10mks)
- Causes of the First World War
-
- Why the Manchester Pan-African congress of 1945 was unique.
- It was dominated by Africans.
- Was more radical in its demands.
- It narrowed itself to Africans problems e.g. colonization.
- It was attended by Trade Union representative. (3 x 1 = 3mks)
- Reasons why Pan-African movement was not properly established in Africa by 1945
- Africans were disunited by the colonialist use of divide and rule policy.
- Africans had other pressing grievances such as taxation, land alienation and forced labour other than African Unity and identity.
- The Independent African countries e.g Ethiopia and Liberia did nothing to unify Africans.
- There were very few African Elites to spearhead the movement.
- There were no appropriate venues to hold meetings because many countries were under colonial restrictions.
- Some policies e.g The French Assimilation hindered African unity by demeaning the Africans and their culture.
(6 x 2 = 12mks)
- Why the Manchester Pan-African congress of 1945 was unique.
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