QUESTIONS
SECTION A (30mks)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
- List the tool used for each of the following:
- Tightening barbed wires during fencing (½mk)
- Smoothening concrete floors during plastering (1/2mk)
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- State two characteristics of goats that make them adapted to arid areas of Kenya (1mk)
- Give four majors features of exotic beef breeds (2mks)
- Give four ways in which diseases can spread from on animal to the other within the farm (2mks)
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- Which livestock disease is transmitted by each of the following ticks? (1mk)
- Blue tick (Boophilus decoloratus)
- Brown ear tick ( Rhipicephalous appendiculatus)
- Name the intermediate host for the following internal parasites in livestock (1mk)
- Tape worm (Taenia solium)
- Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)
- Which livestock disease is transmitted by each of the following ticks? (1mk)
- State four disadvantages of natural mating as a method of breeding in cattle production (2mks)
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- What is the name given to the practice of trimming wool around the sheath of a ram to facilitate mating (1/2 mk)
- Use the diagram below to answer questions that follows:
Identify the type of special feeding shown by the letters A, B and C (1 1/2mks)
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- Give two reasons for treating timber to be used in construction of farm buildings. (1mk)
- Outline two routine maintenance practices carried out on water tanks. (1mk)
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- Name two notifiable diseases in cattle. (1mk)
- Give two signs that would indicate that animal has died of anthrax. (1mk)
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- Give three methods of controlling cannibalism in a flock of poultry. (1 1/2 mk)
- State three conditions that reduce the quality for hatching (1 1/2mks)
- State four observations on the behavior of chicks which would indicate that the temperature of the brooder is too high (2mks)
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- Explain three characteristics that make colostrum suitable for newly born calves. (1 1/2 mks)
- State three qualities of clean milk (1 1/2 mks)
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- Give the function of each of the following parts of a mowed board plough (1mk)
- Frog
- Landslide
- State two methods of increasing ploughing depth when using a disc plough (1mk)
- Give the function of each of the following parts of a mowed board plough (1mk)
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- State three ways in which a production ration can be utilized by cattle (1 1/2 mks)
- Name three products of fermentation in the rumen of a ruminant. (1 1/2 mks)
- Give uses of a screen in the inlet pipe of a fish pond. (1mk)
SECTION B (20MKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- A farmer in Lusheya village wanted to prepare a 200kg of calf rearing ration containing 20% DCP. Using the Pearson’s Square Method, calculate the amount of maize containing 10% DCP and sunflower containing 35% DCP the farmer would need to prepare in the ration. (show your working) (5mks)
- The diagrams below represent farm tools used in agricultural production
- Identify the tools labelled E and F (2mks)
- State one use of the tools labelled F and G (2mks)
- State one advantage of the tool F has over tool E (1mk)
- The diagram below represents parts of a roof
- Identify the parts labelled A and C
- State two types of materials that may be used for the parts labelled D. (2mks)
- Give one disadvantage of using thatch for part labelled B. (1mk)
- The diagram below illustrates a tractor drawn implement
- Identify the implement (1mk)
- Name the part labelled
- State two functions of the part labelled K (2mks)
SECTION C (40MKS)
Answer only two questions in this section.
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- Explain five reasons for maintaining livestock healthy (5mks)
- Describe the life cycle of a three-host tick. (8mks)
- Describe the factors a farmer should consider when selecting a young female pig (Gilt) for breeding (7mks)
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- State five management practice in fish rearing. (5mks)
- Describe the procedure of erecting wooden posts for fencing. (5mks)
- Describe Brucellosis disease in cattle under the following sub-headings;
- Causal organism (1mk)
- Signs of attack (4mks)
- Control measures (5mks)
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- Describe the artificial rearing of layer chicks from a day old up to the end of brooding. (8mks)
- Describe the use of Seven material/ equipment required for hand milking (7mks)
- Describe the functions of the gear box of a tractor. (5mks)
MARKING SCHEME
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- Tightening barbed wires- Monkey strainer/wire strainer.
- Smothering concrete floors- Steel float/wood float.
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- Good foragers hence survive on poor pastures;
- Ability to eat dry feeds;
- Have heat tolerant tissues;
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- Blocky/square/rectangular in shape.
- Low set /short legs;
- Thick neck;
- Fleshy body;
- Smaller udders;
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- Vectors/external parasites;
- Ingesting contaminated water,feed/milk;
- Inhaling contaminated air;
- Contaminated surgical instruments eg scapels,needles,docking knives;
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- Red water(Babesiosis);
Gall sickness (Anaplasmosis) - Tape worm (Taenia solium)
Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica);
- Red water(Babesiosis);
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- It is uneconomical to keep a bull.
- It leads to uncontrolled mating/breeding;
- High risk of transmission of breeding diseases.
- Only small number of cows can be served;
- Large bulls can injure small cows.
- Flushing
- Steaming up;
- Creep feeding
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- To prevent warping/bending/twisting;
- To prevent rotting/damage by fungi;
- To protect them from pest attack;
- To enable timber to achieve its maximum strength;
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- Paint metallic tanks;
- Regular washing of the tank;
- Repair any leakage;
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- Anthrax;
- Rinderpest
- Foot and mouth disease;
- Lumpy skin disease.
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- Lack of stiffness of carcars/ lack of rigor mortis;
- Production of tar like watery blood from all body openings;
- Extensive bloating.
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- Debeaking;
- Making laying nests/boxes dark;
- Feeding balanced diet;
- Hanging greens /vegetables to keep the birds busy;
- Scatter grains on the floor to keep the birds busy.
- Control of external parasites;
- Keeping birds according to age/avoid introduction of new birds;
- Provide adequate space;
- Dirt;
- Abnormal size/undersize/oversize;
- Irregular /broken/soft shells;
- Internal abnormalities e.g double york,meaty spots,poor candling qualities;
- Poor storage /long storage beyond 5 days;
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- Chicks move away from the heat source;
- Panting/opening beaks;
- Opening of wings /spreading of wings;
- Making abnormal noise;
- Drinking water excessively;
- Chicks may lie flat on their bellies;
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- Has a laxative value and help to remove the faecal meconium/ first faecal matter/ open up the alimentary canal/ cleance the digestive system/prevent constipation;
- It is rich in antibodies that offers temporary immunity against diseases;
- It is highly digestible;
- It is rich in digestible proteins/fats/minerals/vitamins/highly nutritious;
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- Free from disease causing organisms;
- Free fro dirt/ foreign materials;
- Appropriate smell and flavor;
- Chemical composition within the expected standards;
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- To make vertical cut into the soil that separate the furrow slice from the unploughed land;
- Cut trash which would prevent the share from penetrating deep into the soil;
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- Decreasing the angle of the cut;
- Use of hydraulic / draught lever;
- Adding weights on the plough beam;
- Raising the land wheel;
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- Synthesis/ formation of various products e.g milk,eggs and meat;
- Foetal development;
- For work/ provide draft energy;
- For growth;
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- Ammonia gas;
- Volatile fatty acids;
- Methane/Carbon(IV) Oxide/ hydrogen gas;
- Vitamins B complex and K;
- Amino acids;
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- Prevent entrance of strange/undesired species of fish;
- Prevent fish from swimming away from the pond ;
- Prevent predators e.g snakes from entering the pond;
Amount of maize (15/25 ×200)kg = 120kg
Amount of sunflower (10/25 ×200)kg = 80kg-
- E- Open ended spanner
F- Ring spanner; - Use of;
F – Loosening and tightening specific sized nuts and bolts;
G – Digging and collecting manure/trash; - Provides a more firm grip on nuts and bolts;
Can work on nuts and bolts in depressions;
- E- Open ended spanner
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- A- Purlin
C-Rafter - Timber
Metal / metal bars; - Fire risk;
Prone to insect damage;
- A- Purlin
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- Disc plough;
- H- Beam;
J- Lower linlk attachment point; - Counteracts the thrust by the discs to balance the plough;
helps to adjust the depth of ploughing;
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- Health animals grow fast and mature early;
- Produce good quality products;
- Animals get longer productive life;
- Give maximum production /performance;
- Prevent spread of diseases;
- Healthy animals are economical to keep.
- Requires three hosts to complete life cycle; Females lay eggs on ground; eggs hatch into larvae; larvae climb on the first host; suck blood and get engorged; fall on the ground and moult into nymphs; Nymphs climb onto the second host; suck blood ,get engorged; and fall on the ground and moult into adults; adults climb onto the third host ; suck blood and mate; females fall on the ground to lay eggs;
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- Good body conformation;
- Should be well adapted to its environment/hardy;
- Good mothering ability;
- High production potential/yielding;
- Good temperament /good behavior;
- Lack of physical deformities e.g mono eyed;
- Good offspring performance;
- High growth rate/mature early;
- Produce quality products;
- Resistance to diseases and parasites;
- Highly prolific/ high prolificacy;
- Long life span/long productive life;
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- Control pollution;
- Controlling water level;
- Fertilizing the pond/manuring;
- Cropping/ harvesting at the right age of maturity;
- Removal of silt;
- Clearing bushes around the pond;
- Maintaining of continuous flow of water/ regular change of water;
- Controll of predators;
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- Partial burning /charring of the posts;
- Cut the top in sloping manner;
- Cover the top with a plastic/ metal sheet;
- Reinforce with concrete.
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- Brucella arbutus/ Bacteria/Brucella ssp;
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- Premature birth occurs/arbotion;
- Retained placenta;
- Infertilty;
- Inflamed testis/orchitis in males;
- Yellow ,brown slimy discharge from the vulva at arbotion;
- Low libido in bulls;
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- Use A.I;
- Culling and slaughtering affected animals and proper disposal of carcars;
- Stockman should avoid contact with arborted foetus;
- Vaccination;
- Blood test of all breeding animals to detect infected ones;
- Proper hygiene;
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- Ensure brooder corners are rounded;
- Provide enough brooding space accordingly;
- Clean and disinfect the brooder house /equipment ;
- Provide wood shavings/proper litter on the floor;
- Temperature during first one week should 32-35, reduce accordingly;
- Spread sheets of newspapers and sprinkle chick marsh o them;
- Provide fire guard around the source of heat;
- Maintain proper ventilation by adjusting the openings;
- Provide fresh ,adequate and quality feeds/chick marsh;
- Provide adequate and appropriate waters/feeders according to age/ number of birds;
- Remove dead chicks from the brooder;
- Control parasites by applying appropriate chemicals;
- Control diseases appropriately;
- Isolate and treat sick animals;
- Keep proper recordings;
- Gradually change the feed in the last one week in brooder;
- Debeak (8-10) days toward the end of end of brooding;
- Provide adequate water for chicks;
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- Udder cloths/towels –washing udder/drying udder;
- Filtering pads –straining milk;
- Milking jelly-applied to teats after milking to prevent cracking;
- Warm water – washing the udder to remove dirt, stimulate milk let down;
- Milking stool –sit on during milking;
- Strip cup/Fore milk cup –necessary for detecting milk abnormalities e,g mastitis;
- Milk can/milk churn –hold milk during milking and temporary storage;
- Concentrates/feeds –to stimulate the milk let down;
- Milking pails/milking bucket –used to hold milk during milking;
- Weighing scale –Determine the amount of milk;
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- Help the driver to select any speed forward or reverse gear;
- Adjust speed of the drive from the engine crank shaft to the drive shaft;
- Helps alter the speed ratio;
- Enables the power from the engine to be more easily applied to the work be done by the tractor;
- Enables the driver to stop the tractor movement without stopping the engine or without foot pressing on the clutch all the time;
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