Biology Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Sukellemo Joint Pre Mock Exams 2022

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QUESTIONS

SECTION A (40MKS)

  1. A group of students set up an experiment to investigate a certain physiological process. The set up was as shown in the diagram below.
    1After some time, the students observed that the level of sugar solution had risen.
    1. What physiological process was being investigated? (1mk)
    2. Account for the rise in the level of sugar solution in this experiment. (4mks)
    3.    
      1. State the results the students would obtain if they repeated the experiment using a piece of boiled pawpaw. (1mk)
      2. Give a reason for your answer in (c) (i) above. (2mks)
  2. Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.
    2
    1. Name the parts labelled A, B and C. (3mks)
    2. State the function of the part labelled C. (1mk)
    3. Explain the difference between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. (2mks)
    4. What is the advantage of having a double circulatory system over a single circulatory system? (2mks)
  3. In an investigation, a variety of pea plants grown from seeds with smooth coats were crossed with plants grown from seeds with wrinkled coats. All the seeds obtained in the first filial (F1) generation had smooth seed coats.
    1. Using letter R to represent the gene for smooth seed coat, work out the genotypes of the F1generation. Show your working. (3mks)
    2. If F1 generation was selfed, determine the phenotypic ratio of the second filial (F2) generation. Show your working. (4mks)
    3. If the total number of seeds in the F2 generation was 14640, calculate the number of seeds with wrinkled coats. Show your working. (1mk)
  4. The apparatus below was set up by a student to find out the changes in gases during germination of bean seeds. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
    3
    1. After 48 hours the level of water in U-tube A had dropped and rose in B as indicated above. Explain this observation. (3mks)
    2. The equation below shows the process that takes place in mammalian muscles.
      2C51H98O6 + 145O2 →102CO2 + 98H2O + Energy
      1. Calculate the respiratory quotient from the equation above. (2mks)
      2. Identify the substrate being respired from the equation above. (1mk)
      3. Explain why it is difficult to calculate the respiratory quotient in plants. (2mks)
  5. The diagram below illustrates the components of a simple reflex that takes place when a person’s finger is accidentally pricked by a sharp pin.
    4
    1. Name the neurones labelled X and Y. (2mks)
    2. State one function of the fluid found in the part labelled Z. (1mk)
    3. Explain how the above simple reflex action takes place. (5mks)

SECTON B (40 MKS)
Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided.

  1. In a population growth, two species of flour beetles, Tribulum confusum and Tribulum casteanum were grown in a box with unlimited supply of flour (food). The box was kept at 240C and 30% relative humidity. The beetles were counted at certain intervals and the results tabulated as shown below.
    No. of days after introduction   0 10 50 60 80 100 120 140 180 200
    No. of beetles present in the box.

    T. confusum 20 20 300 800 1330 1440 1620 1600 1620 1600
    T. casteanum 20 20 300 430 500 400 150 60 20 10
    1. Using the same axis, draw graphs of number of beetles in the box against time. (8mks)
    2. How many beetles were present on the 76th day? (2mks)
      1. T. confusum..............................................................................................................................
      2. T. casteanum...........................................................................................................................
    3. Account for the shape of T. confusum curve between day 1 and 180. (5mks)
    4.       
      1. What happens to T. casteanum between day 80 and 160? (1mk)
      2. What biological phenomenon is represented by observation in (d) (i) above? (1mk)
    5. State any three factors that determine the distribution of animals in their habitat. (3mks)
  2.    
    1. Explain how the human ileum is adapted to its function. (10mks)
    2. Explain the role of the liver in regulation of blood sugar. (10mks)
  3.      
    1. Explain the economic importance of fungi. (9mks)
    2. Describe the adaptations of flowers to insect pollination. (11mks)


MARKING SCHEME

  1.     
    1. Osmosis
    2. Sugar solution is hypertonic to the cell sap of adjacent cells of the pawpaw; water is drawn from the adjacent cells through osmosis; adjacent cells become hypertonic than their neighbouring cells and draws water; process continues until peripheral cells become concentrated and draws water from the beaker; causing rise in level of sugar solution;
    3.    
      1. Sugar solution level will not rise / remain the same.
      2. Boiling kills the cells; making them osmotically inactive;
  2.    
    1. A – Sino atrial node
      B – Purkinje tissue
      C – Vagus nerve
    2. Slows down the rate of the heartbeat;
    3. Pulmonary circulation is the flow of deoxygenated blood to the lungs via pulmonary artery and oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart via pulmonary vein; while systemic circulation is the flow of oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body tissues via aorta and deoxygenated blood from the body tissues to the heart via venacova;
    4. Blood is pumped under high pressure hence nutrients and oxygen reach the tissues faster; - Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood does not mix;
  3.      
    1.      
      5

    2. 6Phenotypic ratio; 3 smooth coats : 1 wrinkled coat
    3. The total number of wrinkled seeds.
      1/4 x 14,640 = 3660;
  4.      
    1. Germinating seeds respired using oxygen and released carbon (IV) oxide; which was absorbed by sodium hydroxide; creating a partial vacuum inside conical flask leading to atmospheric pressure pushing water down in A and up in B;
    2.      
      1. Respiratory quotient = amount of carbon (IV) oxide used
                                                   amount of oxygen used
        = 102
           145
        = 0.7
      2. Lipids
      3. Carbon (IV) oxide produced during respiration is utilized in photosynthesis; oxygen produced during photosynthesis is used in respiration;
  5.    
    1. X – Sensory neurone
      Y – Motor neurone
    2. Acts as shock absorber protecting the spinal cord from mechanical damage;
      Provides oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord;
    3. Pain receptors are stimulated to generate an impulse; which is transmitted to the spinal cord through the sensory neurone; the impulse is passed from the sensory neurone to the relay neurones across a synapse; then to the motor neurone across another synapse; The motor neurone then conveys the impulse to the biceps muscles; the biceps muscles contracts and the finger is withdrawn from the painful stimuli;
  6.    
    1.      
      7
    2. T. confusum – 1240 20
      T. casteanum – 500 20
    3. Day 1 to day 50, growth rate is slow; the beetles are still adapting to the new environment; the number of reproducing individuals is small;
      Day 50 to day 120, growth rate is faster / rapid; the beetles have adapted to the environment; the number of reproducing beetles is high; food and space are unlimited hence no competition;
      Day 120 to day 180, population growth is constant / no population change; number produced is equal to the number dying;
    4.  
      1. Competitive exclusion;
      2. Competition / intra specific competition;
    5. Food availability; Space availability; Predators; Mates;
  7.    
    1.      
      • Long to increase SA for digestion & absorption of nutrients;
      • Highly coiled to slow down movement of food to allow more time for digestion and absorption; 
      • Has villi and micro villi to increase SA for absorption; 
      • Narrow lumen to bring digested food into close contact with walls of ileum for efficient absorption; 
      • Has lacteal for absorption of fatty acids and glycerol; 
      • Highly vascularised to create a steep concentration gradient for absorption; and transportation of nutrients;
      • Numerous mitochondria to yield energy for active absorption of nutrients;
      • Has thin epithelial lining to reduce absorption distance;
      • The epithelium has goblet cells which secret mucus that lubricates the food to reduce friction; and prevent autodigestion of gut wall;
      • Walls of ileum contain intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn) that secrete digestive intestinal enzymes that completes digestion of food;
    2. Normal amount of glucose in the blood is 90 mg/100cm3; Increase in blood glucose level is detected by beta cell in the pancreas; which secrete insulin hormone; insulin stimulates the liver cells to convert excess glucose glycogen; further excess glucose is converted to fats; increase oxidation of glucose to yield energy; and inhibit conversion of glycogen to glucose to lower blood sugar back to normal; Decrease in blood sugar level below normal is detected by alpha cells in the pancreas; which secrete glucagon hormone; that stimulate the liver cells to convert stored glycogen in muscles and liver to glucose; convert fats and amino acids to glucose; and reduce oxidation of glucose to raise blood sugar back to normal;
  8.    
    1.    
      • Some cause food spoilage;
      • Some cause diseases to human e.g ring worm;
      • Some fungi e.g Penicillium is used in the production of antibiotics; -
      • Some fungi e.g mushrooms are used as food;
      • Some cause diseases to crops e.g tomato plight;
      • Saprophytic fungi are important in nutrient recycling through decomposition;
      • Yeast is used in brewing of alcohol; and baking of bread;
      • Mycorrhizal association is important in forest development;
      • Some fungi produce toxic substances e.g Aspergillus flavus;
    2.    
      • Have large brightly coloured petals; which attract insects;
      • Presence of nectaries; that secrete sweet scented nectar; which serve as bait for the insects;
      • Have small; sticky stigma; which enables the pollen grains from the insects body to stick onto it;
      • Anthers are small; and held firmly onto the filaments; to ensure that the y don't break when the insects rub against them as they crawl into the flower;
      • Have large; heavy and sticky pollen grains so as to stick on the insects' body;
      • The anthers produce few but large grains; to increase the chances of their transfer to a stigma for pollination;
      • Flowers normally have shapes that are convenient for the insects body thus the insects land and fit comfortably e.g. flower petals forming a corolla tube;
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