History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Asumbi Girls Pre Mock Examinations 2023

Instructions to Candidates

1. This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
2. Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
3. Answers to all the questions must be written legibly
4. Candidates should answer the questions in English

FOR EXAMINERS 

QUESTIONS

Section A (25 marks) 
Answer all questions in this section

1. Identify the main source of information on Kenyan communities. (1 mark)
2. State two natural reasons for the migration of Bantu into Kenya. (2 marks)
3. Identify the basic political unit of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period.  (1 mark)
4. Give two evidences that shows that Chinese arrived at the East African coast. (2 marks)
5. Name one missionary society that worked in Kenya in the 19th century.      (1 mark)
6. Identify two categories of people eligible for registration as Kenyan citizens. (2 marks)
7. Define the term “National integration”.   (1 mark)
8. State the main reason for the formation of Inter-Party Parliamentary Group caucus in 1997. (1 mark)
9. Give two ways in which the constitution of Kenya can be amended. (2 marks)
10. Name the document that contains children rights in Kenya.   (1 mark)
11. Identify two communities that exhibited mixed reactions.  (2 marks)
12. Give two reasons why oathing was administered to Agiryama warriors. (2 marks)
13. Identify two grievances of the Indian delegation that were addressed by Devonshire White Paper of 1923.  (2 marks) 
14. State two features of Missionary education in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 marks)
15. Give the main impact of Oliver Lyttelton constitution of 1954.   (1 mark)
16. Identify one type of elections in Kenya.  (1 mark)
17.  Who is the administrative head of the Kenyan Judiciary?    (1 mark)

Section B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section

18.                        
    1. Give five reasons for the migration of the Luo from their original homeland into Kenya. (5 marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (10 marks)
19.                    
    1. State five functions of Fort Jesus to the Portuguese.  (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors that led to the decline of Portuguese rule in East African Coast. (10 marks)
20.                    
    1. State five problems that the Imperial British East Africa Company faced in administering Kenya.   (5 marks)
    2. Explain five reasons for the Maasai collaboration with the British in the early 20th century. (10 marks) 
21.                        
    1. State five demands made by the East African Association (EAA) to the British colonial government in Kenya. (5 marks) 
    2. Describe five contributions of the Trade Union movement in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (10 marks) 

Section C (30 marks)  
Answer any two questions from this section

22.                  
    1. Give three limitations to the right to freedom of movement in Kenya.    (3 marks)
    2. Explain six importance of National Unity in Kenya.  (12 marks)
23.                
    1. State three survival rights of a Child in Kenya. . (3 marks)
    2. Explain six stages in constitution making process in Kenya. (12 marks)
24.                  
    1. Identify three functions of the Senate in Kenya.  (3 marks)
    2. Explain six functions of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission of Kenya. (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Identify the main source of information on Kenyan communities. (1 mark)
   1. Oral traditions
      1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
2. State two natural reasons for the migration of Bantu into Kenya. (2 marks)
   1. Due to famine
   2. Due to disease
   3. Through drought
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
3. Identify the basic political unit of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
   1. The Clan
      1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
4. Give two evidences that shows that Chinese arrived at the East African coast. (2 marks)
   1. Remains of Chinese coins
   2. Fragments of Chinese pottery
   3. Information in the periplus of the Eritrean sea
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
5. Name one missionary society that worked in Kenya in the 19th century. (1 mark)
   1. The Church Missionary Society
   2. The London Missionary Society
   3. The Holy Ghost Mission
   4. The Mill Hill Fathers
   5. The Church of Scotland
   6. The African Inland Mission
   7. The American Bible Society
   8. The Seventh Day Adventist
   9. The Quakers
   10. The Roman Catholic Church
       Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
6. Identify two categories of people eligible for registration as Kenyan citizens. (2 marks)
   1. A person who has been married to a Kenyan citizen for at least seven years can apply to be registered as a Kenyan citizen
   2. A person who has lawfully lived or resided in Kenya for a continuous period of at least seven years may apply to be registered as one
   3. A child who is not a citizen, but is adopted by a Kenyan citizen, is entitled to be registered as a Kenyan after application.
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
7. Define the term “National integration”. (1 mark)
   1. It is the process of bringing together people of diverse backgrounds in the country
      1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
8. State the main reason for the formation of Inter-Party Parliamentary Group caucus in 1997. (1 mark)
   1. To ensure a level playing ground for all political parties/ promote free and fair elections
      1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
9. Give two ways in which the constitution of Kenya can be amended. (2 marks)
   1. Popular Initiative
   2. Parliamentary Initiative
      1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
10. Name the document that contains children rights in Kenya. (1 mark)
    1. The Children’s act of 2001
       1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
11. Identify two communities that exhibited mixed reactions. (2 marks)
    1. Agikuyu
    2. Akamba
    3. Luo
       Any 2 points @ 1 mark (2 marks)
12. Give two reasons why oathing was administered to Agiryama warriors. (2 marks)
    1. To unify the fighters
    2. To give them courage/morale
    3. To make them committed to the struggle
    4.  To keep secrets
       Any 2 points @ 1 mark (2 marks)
13. Identify two grievances of the Indian delegation that were addressed by Devonshire White Paper of 1923. (2 marks)
    1. They demanded equal rights with the Europeans
    2. They wanted to own land in the Kenyan highlands
    3. They opposed restriction on their migration into Kenya
       Any 2 points @ 1 mark (2 marks)
14. State two features of Missionary education in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 marks)
    1. Elementary subjects like reading, writing, religion hygiene and arithmetic were taught
    2.  It was industrial and technical in nature/masons, carpenters
    3. It was religious oriented for specific denominations
       Any 2 points @ 1 mark (2 marks)
15. Give the main impact of Oliver Lyttelton constitution of 1954. (1 mark)
    1. It allowed the formation of a multi racial government/society
       1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
16. Identify one type of elections in Kenya. (1 mark)
    1. General elections
    2. By elections
       Any 1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
17. Who is the administrative head of the Kenyan Judiciary? (1 mark)
    1. The Chief Registrar of the Judiciary
       1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
18.                      
    1. Give five reasons for the migration of the Luo from their original homeland into Kenya. (5 marks)
       1. Due to drought/famine/natural calamities
       2. Due to spirit of adventure.
       3. Due to population pressure.
       4. Due to internal conflicts/feuds.
       5. Due to outbreak of diseases/epidemics.
       6. They were searching for better fishing grounds.
       7. Due to external attacks
       8. Need for pasture and water for their livestock
          Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the pre- colonial period. (10 marks)
       1. They had a decentralized system of government.
       2. The family was the lowest political unit and its head was the father
       3. Related families formed the clan.
       4. Each clan was autonomous/ independent of each other.
       5. The council of elders performed political roles like making major decisions, settling disputes and maintaining law and order.
       6. The age set system existed and they performed specific political duties for a period of time
       7. They had an overall leader called Sultan whose role was mainly advisory.
       8. There existed warriors who protected the community and acquired wealth for them.
       9. There existed people with special responsibilities like Sheikhs and medicine people.
       10. Several clans occasionally came together when there was a major crisis affecting the entire society.
       11. With introduction of Islam, they embrace Islamic Sharia law.
           Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
19.                
    1. State five functions of Fort Jesus to the Portuguese. (5 marks)
       1. To act as a hiding place against attacks by their enemies/protection.
       2. To use it as an administrative base.
       3. To use it as a base of sending expeditions against resisting coastal communities.
       4. To store armaments/weapons.
       5. To store trade items before exportation.
       6. To use it as a watch tower.
       7. To be used as a prison for war captives
          Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors that led to the decline of Portuguese rule in East African Coast. (10 marks)
       1. Resistance from coastal communities.
       2. The Portuguese administrators were corrupt and embezzled funds meant for administration.
       3. Trade along the coast declined therefore, the Portuguese found retaining their control over the coast a liability.
       4. Their settlements were attacked by Zimba terrorist from lower Zambezi valley who looted property and killed people.
       5. They were constantly attacked by tropical diseases e.g. Malaria.
       6. The coastal Arabs and Swahili obtained support from the Turks and Omani Arabs to drive away the Portuguese
       7. Delay in military reinforcements/backup from Portugal due to far distance.
       8. Competition from other European powers.
       9. Lack of personnel for administration and defence due to Portugal’s small size and population.
       10. Annexation of Portugal by Spain weakened Portuguese control of the Kenyan coast
       11. There was shortage of essential supplies like food, water and medicine.
       12. The defeat and capture of Fort Jesus by the Oman Arabs brought Portuguese rule to an end
           Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
20.                  
    1. State five problems that the Imperial British East Africa Company faced in administering Kenya. (5 marks)
       1. It lacked qualified administrators.
       2. There was mismanagement of funds by company officials/ corruption.
       3. The area was too vast for the few officials to manage/lack of enough personnel.
       4. Some African communities resisted against the company rule.
       5. The company lacked adequate funds.
       6. Poor communication between the company officials and the colonial office in Britain.
       7. The officials were affected by unfavourable climatic conditions and tropical diseases.
       8. Rivalry from the German East Africa Company affected its operations.
       9. Poor infrastructure hindered its effectiveness/lack of navigable rivers.
       10. Language barrier between them and the Africans
       11. There was scarcity of mineral wealth and profitable export commodities which made it difficult for the company to generate enough revenue/wealth to meet the cost of administration
           Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Explain five reasons for the Maasai collaboration with the British in the early 20th century. (10 marks)
       1. The rise of the Nandi in 1850’s greatly weakened them so they could not offer any resistance to the British.
       2. The 19th century, a civil war in their land greatly weakened them.
       3. Succession disputes between Lenana and Sendeiyo after the death of Mbatian in 1890 diverted their attention from fighting the British.
       4. Natural calamities like locust invasion, outbreak of cholera, pneumonia, small pox and rinderpest weakened the Maasai.
       5. Lenana wanted to seek assistance from the British against the Agikuyu who had sold his people.
       6. Lenana wanted to exert his position as a leader.
          Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
21.                        
    1. State five demands made by the East African Association (EAA) to the British colonial government in Kenya. (5 marks)
       1. They demanded for the return of alienated land.
       2. They wanted the colonial government to abolish hut and poll taxes.
       3. They demanded for the abolition of the Kipande.
       4. They demanded for better working and living conditions.
       5. They demanded that election to the Legislative council be on a common roll.
       6. They demanded the abolition of forced labour.
       7. They demanded for more education for Africans.
       8. They demanded an end to compulsory destocking.
       9. They demanded for revocation of colonial status.
       10. Stop wage cuts
           Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Describe five contributions of the Trade Union movement in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (10 marks)
       1. It kept the spirit of nationalism alive following the ban of Kenya African union (KAU).
       2. It secured international support for the cause of nationalism in Kenya.
       3. It articulated African grievances in the absence of political parties.
       4. It prepared some African nationalists for leadership positions/training ground for leaders e.g. Tom Mboya and Martin Shikuku.
       5. It educated workers on their rights and made them agitate for political independence.
       6. It contributed money to political parties to enable them sustain the struggle for independence.
       7. They organized strikes and boycotts to oppose some policies of colonial government.
       8. It demanded for the release of political prisoners/detainees which boosted the struggle for independence
          Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
22.                    
    1. Give three limitations to the right to freedom of movement in Kenya. (3 marks)
       1. Convicted criminals.
       2. Securing the welfare of a person of unsound mind
       3. A person who is suspected of having committed or about to commit a criminal offence/when effecting a court order requiring one to be arrested.
       4. When rehabilitating a drug addict
       5. A vagrant
       6. A young person under 18 years of age for the purpose of his education and welfare.
       7. A person with an infectious disease.
       8. To prevent illegal entry of a person into Kenya.
       9. When a curfew is imposed in time of war/insecurity
          Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
    2. Explain six importance of National Unity in Kenya. (12 marks)
       1. It enables people to develop their country.
       2. It promotes peaceful co-existence of different ethnic groups and races in a country.
       3. It helps in eliminating suspicion and enhances security.
       4. It enhances nationalism and patriotism
       5. It enables a country to develop national direction.
       6. It enables people to tackle problems together.
       7. It enhances political stability in the country.
       8. It promotes collective responsibility among citizens in a country.
       9. It makes Kenyans to speak with one voice in international fora like UNO
       10. It attracts foreign investments/trade.
       11. It earns the country recognition and can be invited to take part in international activities like peace keeping missions/ being chosen as a headquarter of an international agency.
           Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)
23.                          
    1. State three survival rights of a Child in Kenya. (3 marks)
       1. Right to life
       2. Right to name and identity with a nation/ nationality or a group of people.
       3. Good medical care like vaccination and medical treatment.
       4. Good clothing to protect the child from cold and adverse weather conditions to prevent him or her from sickness.
       5. Good shelter for good health and living.
       6. Right to good food especially balanced diet.
       7. Parental care and protection
       8. Protection from abuse, neglect, inhuman treatment and exploitative labour
          Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
    2. Explain six stages in constitution making process in Kenya. (12 marks)
       1. Drafting of the constitution by the experts
       2. Debating over contentious issues
       3. Collection of public views
       4. Civic education which entails explaining to the people
       5. Convening constitutional conferences to discuss more on the intended changes and inclusions in the new constitution.
       6. Holding of a referendum to establish whether majority of the people approve the draft constitution or not through voting.
       7. Enacting the constitution by parliament once it has been approved by the electorate through voting.
       8. Promulgation of the constitution.
          Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)
24.                  
    1. Identify three functions of the Senate in Kenya. (3 marks)
       1. It represents and protects the interests of their Counties and their governments.
       2. The Senators takes part in the law making by debating and approving bills concerning the counties.
       3. It determines the allocation of National revenue among the county governments.
       4. It oversees expenditures of national revenue allocated to the county governments.
       5. It may initiate bills concerning the counties.
       6. It keeps check of state officers by considering and determining any resolution to remove the president or deputy president from office.
          Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
    2. Explain six functions of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission of Kenya. (12 marks)
       1. It is responsible for conducting or supervising referenda and elections to any elective office established by the Constitution.
       2. It reviews the names and boundaries of constituencies and wards/ delimitation of constituencies and wards.
       3. It ensures continuous registration of voters
       4. It maintains and updates the register of voters
       5. Conducting any other elections as prescribed by parliament.
       6. It regulates the process by which parties nominate candidates for elections
       7. It settles electoral disputes like those arising from nominations except petitions and disputes arising from announcement of election results.
       8. It educates the general public on the requirements for voters and contestants/ voter education/civic education.
       9. It facilitates the observation, monitoring and evaluation of elections.
       10. It regulates the amount of money that may be spent on behalf of a candidate or party in respect of any election.
       11. It participates in the formulation of election code of conduct for parties and candidates contesting elections.
       12. It ensures that parties comply with the legislation and nomination of their candidates.
       13. It identifies, appoints and trains election officials like returning officers and presiding officers.
       14. It prepares ballot papers and other election materials.
       15. It verifies and announces the election results.
       16. It identifies and recommends polling stations.
       17. Conducts language proficiency tests on candidates before nominations.
           Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)