History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - MECS Pre Mock Exams 2023

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

  1. Candidates should answer the questions in English.
  2. The paper contains three sections A,B and C

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY.

Q1-17

Q18

Q19

Q20

Q21

Q22

Q23

Q24

Candidates SCORE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



QUESTIONS

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
answer all questions in this section

  1. Identify one form of monarchical government. 1mk
  2. Give two uses of tools during the New Stone Age period. 2mks
  3. State two characteristics of agriculture in Europe before Agrarian Revolution. 2mks
  4. Differentiate between barter and currency system of trade. 2mks
  5. Identify the main reason for the decline of the trans-Atlantic trade. 1mk
  6. Mention two factors that popularized the use of steamships in the 19th Century. 2mks
  7. List one major disadvantage of cellphones as a means of communication. 1mk
  8. State two ways in which iron culture spread in Africa. 2mks
  9. Give one use of solar energy during the industrial revolution in Europe. 1mk
  10. Identify one negative consequence of urbanization in Europe in the 19th Century. 1mk
  11. State one function of Odwira festival among the Asante in the 19th Century. 1mk
  12. Identify one type of democracy. 1mk
  13. State one contribution of trade to the scramble for colonies in Africa. 1mk
  14. Mention two areas in Senegal where the French policy of assimilation succeeded. 2mks
  15. Give one nationalist movement in Mozambique during the struggle for independence. 1mk
  16. State two reasons for the entry of the USA into the First World War. 2mks
  17. Name two permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. 2mks 

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions in this section

  1.                        
    1. State three improvements on life that man made in the Neolithic Age. 3mks
    2. Explain six solutions to food shortages in the Third World. 12mks
  2.                                
    1. State five roles of the Tuaregs in the Trans-Saharan trade. 5mks
    2. Explain the factors that contributed to the decline of the Trans-Saharan trade. 10mks
  3.                          
    1. State three reasons for the rise of Scientific revolution. 3mks
    2. Explain the factors that influenced the growth of London. 12mks
  4.                              
    1. State five reasons for the defeat of African resistance to European colonizers. 5mks
    2. Explain the shortcomings of British indirect rule in Northern Nigeria. 10mks

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section

  1.                                    
    1. State three functions of the Lukiiko in the Buganda kingdom before colonialism. 3mks
    2. Describe the political organization of the Shona in the 19th Century. 12mks
  2.                                    
    1. State three terms of the Treaty of Versailles. 3mks
    2. Explain six political results of the World War II. 12mks
  3.                          
    1. State three ways in which world nations relate. 3mks
    2. Explain the achievements of the Non Aligned Movement (NAM). 12mks


MARKING SCHEME

  1. Identify one form of monarchical government. 1mk
    • Absolute monarchy
    • Constitutional monarchy
  2. Give two uses of tools during the New Stone Age period. 2mks
    • Hunting
    • Gathering
    • Digging out roots
    • Skinning
    • Scraping
    • Defence
    • Fishing
  3. State two characteristics of agriculture in Europe before Agrarian Revolution. 2mks
    • Use of broadcasting method of planting
    • Growing more than one crop on the same piece of land
    • Mixed farming
    • Shifting cultivation/leaving land fallow
    • Practiced open field system of agriculture
    • Kings, nobles owned land
    • Land was divided into many strips as per the peasants
    • Mainly carried out subsistence farming
  4. Differentiate between barter and currency system of trade. 2mks
    • Barter trade is the exchange of goods/services for other goods/services while currency system is the use of money for exchange of goods/services.
  5. Identify the main reason for the decline of the trans-Atlantic trade. 1mk
    • Abolition of slave trade
  6. Mention two factors that popularized the use of steamships in the 19th Century. 2mks
    • Development of bigger ships to carry bigger loads
    • Expansion of industrial revolution
    • Opening up of coal stations on the main sea routes
    • Opening of ship canals that shortened routes
    • Development of a two cylinder combustion engine that greatly cut fuel consumption
  7. List one major disadvantage of cellphones as a means of communication. 1mk
    • Loss/lack of network
  8. State two ways in which iron culture spread in Africa. 2mks
    • Trade
    • Migration of Bantu
    • Wars of conquests
    • Intermarriages
    • Travelers and messengers
  9. Give one use of solar energy during the industrial revolution in Europe. 1mk
    • Drying agricultural products/cereals
    • Distilling of salty water to get salt crystals
    • Heating water in homes and industries
    • Cooking using solar cookers
  10. Identify one negative consequence of urbanization in Europe in the 19th Century. 1mk
    • Influx of people in the towns leading to overcrowding/congestion
    • Inadequate housing leading to development of slums
    • Unemployment
    • Rise in crime levels
    • Spread of diseases/plagues/epidemics
    • Air pollution
    • Traffic jams
    • Social evils e.g prostitutions, alcoholism
  11. State one function of Odwira festival among the Asante in the 19th Century. 1mk
    • To honour their dead
    • To settle their disputes
    • To pay allegiance to the Asantehene
  12. Identify one type of democracy. 1mk
    • Direct/Pure democracy
    • Indirect/Representative democracy
  13. State one contribution of trade to the scramble for colonies in Africa. 1mk
    • European traders asked for protection from their mother countries whenever they faced challenges
    • The desire to control international trade/ monopolize the trade
    • The need for new markets for their trade/industrial goods
    • The need for new sources of trade items
  14. Mention two areas in Senegal where the French policy of assimilation succeeded. 2mks
    • Goree
    • Rufisque
    • St Louis
    • Dakar
  15. Give one nationalist movement in Mozambique during the struggle for independence. 1mk
    • FRELIMO/Front for the liberation of Mozambique
    • COREMO
  16. State two reasons for the entry of the USA into the First World War. 2mks
    • Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare
    • Germany urged Mexico to attack USA / letter by Authur Zimmerman
    • To safeguard her trade with the Allies
    • Germany sympathizers were linked to industrial sabotage in various factories in USA and Britain
    • Cruelty of Germans led to anti-German feelings in USA and the world over
  17. Name two permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. 2mks
    • Britain
    • France
    • China
    • Russia
    • USA
  18.                                
    1. State three improvements on life that man made in the Neolithic Age. 3mks
      • He made his shelters better by decorating them with paintings
      • He made pots, weaved baskets,
      • He made clothes from leather, barks, necklaces and decorated his body with ochre
      • He developed a speech facilitating communication
      • He developed a belief system
      • He developed a government
      • He made better tools called microliths that were more efficient
      • He started agriculture that enabled him improve on his diet and gave him reliable food supply
    2. Explain six solutions to food shortages in the Third World. 12mks
      • Embark on land reclamation methods e.g irrigation, draining swamps
      • Develop sound/good agricultural policies e.g those that encourage food production
      • Provide farmers with agricultural extension services
      • Families to be encouraged to have a sizeable portion of land under food crops
      • Embark on extensive research and development
      • Improve on infrastructure i.e transport and communication, storage, marketing, banking and credit facilities
      • Governments to embark on re-afforestation programmes
      • Governments to encourage environment conservation measures
      • Solve political problems diplomatically to avoid civil strife
  19.                      
    1. State five roles of the Tuaregs in the Trans-Saharan trade. 5mks
      • Acted as guides to the traders
      • Served as guards/ security
      • Acted as interpreters
      • Served as middlemen
      • Maintained the oases
      • Provided traders with accommodation
    2. Explain the factors that contributed to the decline of the Trans-Saharan trade. 10mks
      • The gold and salt fields got exhausted leading to low supply
      • The fall of some empires like Songhai caused political instability and insecurity in the region
      • The invasion of Morocco by the Almoravids caused the destruction of some major trading centres like Gao and Timbuktu
      • The rise and growth of Trans-Atlantic trade rendered Trans Saharan trade unpopular
      • The European trading activities along the West African coast undermined the trade
      • The Tuaregs changed their roles and became robbers of the caravans
  20.                            
    1. State three reasons for the rise of scientific revolution. 3mks
      • The need to find solutions to daily challenges
      • The desire to learn more about man and the universe
      • The development of printing facilitated quick spread of ideas
      • Governments and wealthy individuals provided funds to support scientific research
      • Voyages of exploration led to the discovery of new lands and encouraged interest in new spheres of knowledge and research
    2. Explain the factors that influenced the growth of London. 12mks
      • Its location on the banks of River Thames providing access to both the interior and the sea
      • The growth and expansion of trade that exposed London to the international trade
      • It was a cultural focal centre for British scholars and theatre promoters
      • It was a religious centre which attracted pilgrimages. St Paul’s cathedral is built in the city
      • It has various educational institutions and universities that hosts many students
      • The setting up of British administration in the city
      • There are various financial institutions that attracts many people
      • Construction of major buildings and bridges has led to its great expansion
      • Setting up of various industries have led to many jobseekers moving into London
  21.                  
    1. State five reasons for the defeat of African resistance to European colonialism. 5mks
      • Lack of good organization
      • Failure of religion to give them immunity
      • Africans lacked unity
      • Europeans got reinforcements
      • Africans lacked enough military skills to fight experienced Europeans
      • African leaders were captured and killed
      • Europeans had superior weapons
      • Drought, famine and epidemics took a great toll on Africans
      • Some Africans collaborated with the Europeans against fellow Africans
    2. Explain the shortcomings of British indirect rule in Northern Nigeria. 10mks
      • The system could only work well where there were established indigenous administrative structures and thus it was difficult to apply where centralized political system didn’t exist.
      • Due to language barrier, very few British officials could communicate effectively with the local chiefs.
      • The chiefs and their councils took more interest in matters they understood than those new and unfamiliar making it exceedingly difficult to apply the rule.
      • Application of the system required patience in training the chiefs which many British officials lacked/gave up easily.
      • Northern Nigeria became isolated from the rest of Nigeria which negatively affected its development as compared to the South.
      • The practice of replacing the chiefs who didn’t conform to the British monarch, made the new chiefs unpopular as they were considered British puppets.
      • Some aspects of the system such as taxation and forced labour were greatly resented.
      • The educated elite resented the rule by the uneducated traditional chiefs
      • Local rulers eventually lost their independence to the British making many of them resent the British
  22.                      
    1. State three functions of the Lukiiko in the Buganda kingdom before colonialism. 3mks
      • Advised the Kabaka
      • Represented the wishes of the people
      • Acted as the final court of appeal
      • Directed the collection of taxes
      • Formulated the laws in the kingdom
    2. Describe the political organization of the Shona in the 19th Century.12mks
      • They had had an empire/kingdom called Mwene Mutapa
      • They had a centralized system ruled by an emperor/ king
      • The position of the emperor was hereditary
      • The emperor was assisted in administration by officials such as the queen mother, queen sister, army commander etc.
      • An advisory council advised the emperor
      • The emperor was divided into provinces headed by provincial kings
      • There was a class of nobles who paid tribute to the emperor inform of labour, agricultural produce and cattle
      • They had a well-trained army of warriors which kept law and order and defended the empire.
  23.                        
    1. State three terms of the Treaty of Versailles. 3mks
      • Germany’s size was to be reduced by an eighth and her population by 6.5 million
      • Germany was to be deprived of her colonies and overseas investments. Her colonies were to be declared mandate territories under the League of Nations
      • Germany was to lose the territories of Alsace and Lorraine, much of Schleswig, S.E. Silesia and eastern Prussia
      • The city of Danzig was to become a free city under the League of Nations
      • The Saar Valley was placed under the League of Nations
      • Germany was to pay 6.6 Billion Pounds as war reparations
      • Germany was to be restricted to an army of 100,000 men without heavy artillery, military aircraft, airships and poison gas. The navy was banned from using submarines
      • The treaty forbade any union between Germany and Austria
      • New states like Hungary, Yugoslavia, Montenegro, Bosnia, Hazegovina were created
      • Syria, Iraq and Palestine were no longer part of Turkish possession but became mandated territories.
      • Germany was required to release all allied prisoners of war
      • The League of Nations was to be formed as an international body to promote world peace and prevent the occurrence of another war in the future
    2. Explain six political results of the World War II. 12mks
      • The war led to the rise of two superpowers, USA and USSR as the world’s most powerful nations
      • The Communist zone was extended to nearly half of the European continent geographically dividing Europe down the middle
      • It led to the onset of the cold war accompanied by an arms race between USA and USSR leading to the development of nuclear weapons
      • Western powers had to receive assistance from USA to prevent them from falling into communist influence
      • UNO was founded to promote peace, security and international cooperation
      • It led to division of Germany into East and West Germany
      • The war led to the creation of the nation of Israel in 1948 to settle the scattered Jews as a result of the NAZI persecution
      • USA got more involved in the European affairs through the Marshall Plan
      • The war catalyzed the movement towards decolonization i.e it intensified the struggle for independence in the colonies especially after the independence of India in 1947
      • The war led to the production of nuclear weapons which increased insecurity in the world with the threats of a nuclear war.
      • Led to formation of military alliances- NATO and WARSAW PACT.
  24.                              
    1. State three ways in which world nations relate. 3mks
      • Political relations
      • Diplomatic relations
      • Economic relations
      • Socio-cultural relations
    2. Explain the achievements of the Non Aligned Movement (NAM). 12mks
      • It has been able to provide members with a forum that discussed issues related to arms race which have contributed to the end of the cold war
      • It has addressed issues related to unfair trade practices among world countries that disadvantaged Third World countries which have promoted trade in developing countries
      • It has provided member countries with a forum to discuss global problems such as health, education, pollution and terrorism thereby providing solutions to global problems
      • It helped in the struggle for independence among African countries
      • It prevented the outbreak of war between the superpowers thereby promoting global security and peace
      • It has enabled members to speak in one voice on the international arena
      • It has allowed members to have economic ties with both the Western bloc and the Eastern bloc thereby creating a new world economic order
      • It set up solidarity fund in 1986 which assisted the frontline countries in the struggle against Apartheid rule
      • It encouraged members to articulate their national interest before those of the superpowers which has helped member states safeguard their national sovereignty.

 

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