INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
- Candidates should answer the questions in English.
- The paper contains three sections A,B and C
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY.
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Q18 |
Q19 |
Q20 |
Q21 |
Q22 |
Q23 |
Q24 |
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QUESTIONS
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
answer all questions in this section
- Identify one form of monarchical government. 1mk
- Give two uses of tools during the New Stone Age period. 2mks
- State two characteristics of agriculture in Europe before Agrarian Revolution. 2mks
- Differentiate between barter and currency system of trade. 2mks
- Identify the main reason for the decline of the trans-Atlantic trade. 1mk
- Mention two factors that popularized the use of steamships in the 19th Century. 2mks
- List one major disadvantage of cellphones as a means of communication. 1mk
- State two ways in which iron culture spread in Africa. 2mks
- Give one use of solar energy during the industrial revolution in Europe. 1mk
- Identify one negative consequence of urbanization in Europe in the 19th Century. 1mk
- State one function of Odwira festival among the Asante in the 19th Century. 1mk
- Identify one type of democracy. 1mk
- State one contribution of trade to the scramble for colonies in Africa. 1mk
- Mention two areas in Senegal where the French policy of assimilation succeeded. 2mks
- Give one nationalist movement in Mozambique during the struggle for independence. 1mk
- State two reasons for the entry of the USA into the First World War. 2mks
- Name two permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. 2mks
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions in this section
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- State three improvements on life that man made in the Neolithic Age. 3mks
- Explain six solutions to food shortages in the Third World. 12mks
-
- State five roles of the Tuaregs in the Trans-Saharan trade. 5mks
- Explain the factors that contributed to the decline of the Trans-Saharan trade. 10mks
-
- State three reasons for the rise of Scientific revolution. 3mks
- Explain the factors that influenced the growth of London. 12mks
-
- State five reasons for the defeat of African resistance to European colonizers. 5mks
- Explain the shortcomings of British indirect rule in Northern Nigeria. 10mks
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section
-
- State three functions of the Lukiiko in the Buganda kingdom before colonialism. 3mks
- Describe the political organization of the Shona in the 19th Century. 12mks
-
- State three terms of the Treaty of Versailles. 3mks
- Explain six political results of the World War II. 12mks
-
- State three ways in which world nations relate. 3mks
- Explain the achievements of the Non Aligned Movement (NAM). 12mks
MARKING SCHEME
- Identify one form of monarchical government. 1mk
- Absolute monarchy
- Constitutional monarchy
- Give two uses of tools during the New Stone Age period. 2mks
- Hunting
- Gathering
- Digging out roots
- Skinning
- Scraping
- Defence
- Fishing
- State two characteristics of agriculture in Europe before Agrarian Revolution. 2mks
- Use of broadcasting method of planting
- Growing more than one crop on the same piece of land
- Mixed farming
- Shifting cultivation/leaving land fallow
- Practiced open field system of agriculture
- Kings, nobles owned land
- Land was divided into many strips as per the peasants
- Mainly carried out subsistence farming
- Differentiate between barter and currency system of trade. 2mks
- Barter trade is the exchange of goods/services for other goods/services while currency system is the use of money for exchange of goods/services.
- Identify the main reason for the decline of the trans-Atlantic trade. 1mk
- Abolition of slave trade
- Mention two factors that popularized the use of steamships in the 19th Century. 2mks
- Development of bigger ships to carry bigger loads
- Expansion of industrial revolution
- Opening up of coal stations on the main sea routes
- Opening of ship canals that shortened routes
- Development of a two cylinder combustion engine that greatly cut fuel consumption
- List one major disadvantage of cellphones as a means of communication. 1mk
- Loss/lack of network
- State two ways in which iron culture spread in Africa. 2mks
- Trade
- Migration of Bantu
- Wars of conquests
- Intermarriages
- Travelers and messengers
- Give one use of solar energy during the industrial revolution in Europe. 1mk
- Drying agricultural products/cereals
- Distilling of salty water to get salt crystals
- Heating water in homes and industries
- Cooking using solar cookers
- Identify one negative consequence of urbanization in Europe in the 19th Century. 1mk
- Influx of people in the towns leading to overcrowding/congestion
- Inadequate housing leading to development of slums
- Unemployment
- Rise in crime levels
- Spread of diseases/plagues/epidemics
- Air pollution
- Traffic jams
- Social evils e.g prostitutions, alcoholism
- State one function of Odwira festival among the Asante in the 19th Century. 1mk
- To honour their dead
- To settle their disputes
- To pay allegiance to the Asantehene
- Identify one type of democracy. 1mk
- Direct/Pure democracy
- Indirect/Representative democracy
- State one contribution of trade to the scramble for colonies in Africa. 1mk
- European traders asked for protection from their mother countries whenever they faced challenges
- The desire to control international trade/ monopolize the trade
- The need for new markets for their trade/industrial goods
- The need for new sources of trade items
- Mention two areas in Senegal where the French policy of assimilation succeeded. 2mks
- Goree
- Rufisque
- St Louis
- Dakar
- Give one nationalist movement in Mozambique during the struggle for independence. 1mk
- FRELIMO/Front for the liberation of Mozambique
- COREMO
- State two reasons for the entry of the USA into the First World War. 2mks
- Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare
- Germany urged Mexico to attack USA / letter by Authur Zimmerman
- To safeguard her trade with the Allies
- Germany sympathizers were linked to industrial sabotage in various factories in USA and Britain
- Cruelty of Germans led to anti-German feelings in USA and the world over
- Name two permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. 2mks
- Britain
- France
- China
- Russia
- USA
-
- State three improvements on life that man made in the Neolithic Age. 3mks
- He made his shelters better by decorating them with paintings
- He made pots, weaved baskets,
- He made clothes from leather, barks, necklaces and decorated his body with ochre
- He developed a speech facilitating communication
- He developed a belief system
- He developed a government
- He made better tools called microliths that were more efficient
- He started agriculture that enabled him improve on his diet and gave him reliable food supply
- Explain six solutions to food shortages in the Third World. 12mks
- Embark on land reclamation methods e.g irrigation, draining swamps
- Develop sound/good agricultural policies e.g those that encourage food production
- Provide farmers with agricultural extension services
- Families to be encouraged to have a sizeable portion of land under food crops
- Embark on extensive research and development
- Improve on infrastructure i.e transport and communication, storage, marketing, banking and credit facilities
- Governments to embark on re-afforestation programmes
- Governments to encourage environment conservation measures
- Solve political problems diplomatically to avoid civil strife
- State three improvements on life that man made in the Neolithic Age. 3mks
-
- State five roles of the Tuaregs in the Trans-Saharan trade. 5mks
- Acted as guides to the traders
- Served as guards/ security
- Acted as interpreters
- Served as middlemen
- Maintained the oases
- Provided traders with accommodation
- Explain the factors that contributed to the decline of the Trans-Saharan trade. 10mks
- The gold and salt fields got exhausted leading to low supply
- The fall of some empires like Songhai caused political instability and insecurity in the region
- The invasion of Morocco by the Almoravids caused the destruction of some major trading centres like Gao and Timbuktu
- The rise and growth of Trans-Atlantic trade rendered Trans Saharan trade unpopular
- The European trading activities along the West African coast undermined the trade
- The Tuaregs changed their roles and became robbers of the caravans
- State five roles of the Tuaregs in the Trans-Saharan trade. 5mks
-
- State three reasons for the rise of scientific revolution. 3mks
- The need to find solutions to daily challenges
- The desire to learn more about man and the universe
- The development of printing facilitated quick spread of ideas
- Governments and wealthy individuals provided funds to support scientific research
- Voyages of exploration led to the discovery of new lands and encouraged interest in new spheres of knowledge and research
- Explain the factors that influenced the growth of London. 12mks
- Its location on the banks of River Thames providing access to both the interior and the sea
- The growth and expansion of trade that exposed London to the international trade
- It was a cultural focal centre for British scholars and theatre promoters
- It was a religious centre which attracted pilgrimages. St Paul’s cathedral is built in the city
- It has various educational institutions and universities that hosts many students
- The setting up of British administration in the city
- There are various financial institutions that attracts many people
- Construction of major buildings and bridges has led to its great expansion
- Setting up of various industries have led to many jobseekers moving into London
- State three reasons for the rise of scientific revolution. 3mks
-
- State five reasons for the defeat of African resistance to European colonialism. 5mks
- Lack of good organization
- Failure of religion to give them immunity
- Africans lacked unity
- Europeans got reinforcements
- Africans lacked enough military skills to fight experienced Europeans
- African leaders were captured and killed
- Europeans had superior weapons
- Drought, famine and epidemics took a great toll on Africans
- Some Africans collaborated with the Europeans against fellow Africans
- Explain the shortcomings of British indirect rule in Northern Nigeria. 10mks
- The system could only work well where there were established indigenous administrative structures and thus it was difficult to apply where centralized political system didn’t exist.
- Due to language barrier, very few British officials could communicate effectively with the local chiefs.
- The chiefs and their councils took more interest in matters they understood than those new and unfamiliar making it exceedingly difficult to apply the rule.
- Application of the system required patience in training the chiefs which many British officials lacked/gave up easily.
- Northern Nigeria became isolated from the rest of Nigeria which negatively affected its development as compared to the South.
- The practice of replacing the chiefs who didn’t conform to the British monarch, made the new chiefs unpopular as they were considered British puppets.
- Some aspects of the system such as taxation and forced labour were greatly resented.
- The educated elite resented the rule by the uneducated traditional chiefs
- Local rulers eventually lost their independence to the British making many of them resent the British
- State five reasons for the defeat of African resistance to European colonialism. 5mks
-
- State three functions of the Lukiiko in the Buganda kingdom before colonialism. 3mks
- Advised the Kabaka
- Represented the wishes of the people
- Acted as the final court of appeal
- Directed the collection of taxes
- Formulated the laws in the kingdom
- Describe the political organization of the Shona in the 19th Century.12mks
- They had had an empire/kingdom called Mwene Mutapa
- They had a centralized system ruled by an emperor/ king
- The position of the emperor was hereditary
- The emperor was assisted in administration by officials such as the queen mother, queen sister, army commander etc.
- An advisory council advised the emperor
- The emperor was divided into provinces headed by provincial kings
- There was a class of nobles who paid tribute to the emperor inform of labour, agricultural produce and cattle
- They had a well-trained army of warriors which kept law and order and defended the empire.
- State three functions of the Lukiiko in the Buganda kingdom before colonialism. 3mks
-
- State three terms of the Treaty of Versailles. 3mks
- Germany’s size was to be reduced by an eighth and her population by 6.5 million
- Germany was to be deprived of her colonies and overseas investments. Her colonies were to be declared mandate territories under the League of Nations
- Germany was to lose the territories of Alsace and Lorraine, much of Schleswig, S.E. Silesia and eastern Prussia
- The city of Danzig was to become a free city under the League of Nations
- The Saar Valley was placed under the League of Nations
- Germany was to pay 6.6 Billion Pounds as war reparations
- Germany was to be restricted to an army of 100,000 men without heavy artillery, military aircraft, airships and poison gas. The navy was banned from using submarines
- The treaty forbade any union between Germany and Austria
- New states like Hungary, Yugoslavia, Montenegro, Bosnia, Hazegovina were created
- Syria, Iraq and Palestine were no longer part of Turkish possession but became mandated territories.
- Germany was required to release all allied prisoners of war
- The League of Nations was to be formed as an international body to promote world peace and prevent the occurrence of another war in the future
- Explain six political results of the World War II. 12mks
- The war led to the rise of two superpowers, USA and USSR as the world’s most powerful nations
- The Communist zone was extended to nearly half of the European continent geographically dividing Europe down the middle
- It led to the onset of the cold war accompanied by an arms race between USA and USSR leading to the development of nuclear weapons
- Western powers had to receive assistance from USA to prevent them from falling into communist influence
- UNO was founded to promote peace, security and international cooperation
- It led to division of Germany into East and West Germany
- The war led to the creation of the nation of Israel in 1948 to settle the scattered Jews as a result of the NAZI persecution
- USA got more involved in the European affairs through the Marshall Plan
- The war catalyzed the movement towards decolonization i.e it intensified the struggle for independence in the colonies especially after the independence of India in 1947
- The war led to the production of nuclear weapons which increased insecurity in the world with the threats of a nuclear war.
- Led to formation of military alliances- NATO and WARSAW PACT.
- State three terms of the Treaty of Versailles. 3mks
-
- State three ways in which world nations relate. 3mks
- Political relations
- Diplomatic relations
- Economic relations
- Socio-cultural relations
- Explain the achievements of the Non Aligned Movement (NAM). 12mks
- It has been able to provide members with a forum that discussed issues related to arms race which have contributed to the end of the cold war
- It has addressed issues related to unfair trade practices among world countries that disadvantaged Third World countries which have promoted trade in developing countries
- It has provided member countries with a forum to discuss global problems such as health, education, pollution and terrorism thereby providing solutions to global problems
- It helped in the struggle for independence among African countries
- It prevented the outbreak of war between the superpowers thereby promoting global security and peace
- It has enabled members to speak in one voice on the international arena
- It has allowed members to have economic ties with both the Western bloc and the Eastern bloc thereby creating a new world economic order
- It set up solidarity fund in 1986 which assisted the frontline countries in the struggle against Apartheid rule
- It encouraged members to articulate their national interest before those of the superpowers which has helped member states safeguard their national sovereignty.
- State three ways in which world nations relate. 3mks
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