INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
- This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
- Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
SECTION A:( 25MARKS)
- Identify the theory explaining that the world and all that is in was created by a special supreme being.(1mk)
- Name the group of old stone age man, who is associated with oldwan tools. (1mk)
- Name two ancient writing in Mesopotamia and Egypt. (2mks)
- Give two items used as currency in pre-colonial Africa (2mks)
- Give two forms of water transport used during ancient times. (2mks)
- State two uses of horn blowing in traditional African societies. (2mks)
- State one reason why African slaves were preferred during the Trans- Atlantic slave trade. (1mk)
- Identify two chartered companies used to administer East Africa during the process of colonization.(2mks)
- State two factors that facilitated scientific revolution in Europe from 14th century. (2mks)
- Give two duties of the Katikiro in the Buganda community. (2mks)
- State one main function of the royal fire in Mwene Mtapa Kingdom. (1mk)
- Identify one way through which the Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa. (1mk)
- Name two former Portuguese colonies in Africa. 2mks)
- Give one specialized UN agency which finances development programmes in developing Nations. (1mk)
- Give the immediate cause of the first world war (1mk_
- Name one type of dwelling used by early man during the stone age period. (1mk)
- Give one military organization formed by power blocks during the cold war period. (1mk)
SECTION B: (45MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section
-
- Give three stages in the evolution of man after Homo Habilis. (3mks)
- Explain six cultural practices of Homo-erectus during the old stone age period. (12mks)
-
- Outline three disadvantages of road transport. (3mks)
- Explain six effects of telecommunication in modern society. (12mks)
-
- Give three systems of administration used by the colonists in Africa. (3mks)
- Explain six positive results of the collaboration between the British and Lewanika. (12mks)
-
- Give three methods used by Mozambican nationalists to struggle for Independence. (3mks)
- Explain six challenges faced by FRELIMO in nationalist struggle. (12mks)
SECTION C: (30MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section
-
- Give three reasons why the British used direct rule to administer Zimbabwe. (3mks)
- Explain six reasons for the failure of majimaji rebellion (12mks)
-
- Apart from Britain name three permanent member states of the UN security council.(3mks)
- Explain six causes of the cold war after 1945.(12mks)
-
- Name the three countries that formed tripple entente. (3mks)
- Discuss six results of the first world war (12mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
- Identify the theory explaining that the world and all that is in was created by a special supreme being. (1mk)
- Creation theory(1 x 1 =1mk)
- Name the group of old stone age man, who is associated with oldwan tools. (1mk)
- Austrolopithecus,
- Homo habilis. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Name two ancient writing in Mesopotamia and Egypt. (2mks)
- Mesopotamia – Cuneiform
- Egypt – Hieroglyphics, (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Give two forms of traditional currency used in Africa. (2mks)
- Gold,
- clothes
- cowries shells
- iron
- copper. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Give two forms of water transport used during ancient times. (2mks)
- Rafts
- Canoes
- Dhows
- boats. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- State two uses of horn blowing in traditional African societies. (2mks)
- To announce take over of a new ruler
- Calling warriors to war
- Announcing commencement of various ceremonies (Any two 2 x1 = 2mks)
- State one reason why African slaves were preferred during the Trans- Atlantic slave trade. (1mk)
- Were thought to be resistant to many diseases
- Were readily available in large numbers
- Were thought to be adaptable to hot and humid tropical climate. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Identify two chartered companies used to administer East Africa during the process of colonization. (2mks)
- Imperial British East Africa Company
- German East Africa Company. (1 x1 = 1mk)
- State two factors that facilitated scientific revolution in Europe from 14th century. (2mks)
- Renaissance time made people develop interest in research/ learning
- Governments and individual financed scientific research
- Religion failed to answer all questions (Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Give two duties of the Katikiro in the Buganda community. (2mks)
- Collected taxes
- Planned wars
- Informed Kabaka about war
- Planned public works. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- State one main function of the royal fire in Mwene Mtapa Kingdom. (1mk)
- Sign of unity (unifying factor). (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Identify one way through which the Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa. (1mk)
- Signing treaties among themselves
- Organizing the Berlin conference to lay down guiding principles of partition. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Name two former Portuguese colonies in Africa. (2mks)
- Angola
- Mozambique
- Guinea Bissau
- Cape verde. (2 x 1 =2mks)
- Give one specialized UN agency which finances development programmes in developing Nations. (1mk)
- The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or World Bank
- The International Monetary Fund(IMF) (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Give the immediate cause of the first world war (1mk)
- Assassination in Sarajevo of Archduke Franz Ferdinard (1 x 1= 1mk)
- Name one type of dwellings used by early man during Old Stone Age periods (1mk)
- Rock shelters
- On top of trees
- Caves
- Tree trunks (1 x 1= 1mk)
- Give one military organization formed by power blocks during the cold war period.(1mk)
- War saw pact-USSR
- North Atlantic treaty organization (NATO)-USA. (1 x 1= 1mk)
SECTION B(ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS)
-
- Give three stages in the evolution of man after Homo Habilis. (3mks)
- Homo – Erectus
- Homo – Sapiens
- Homo Sapiens sapiens. (2 x 1 = 3mks)
- Explain six cultural practices of Homo-erectus during the old stone age period. (12mks)
- Made tools and weapons (Acheullian tools)
- Lived in caves and tree –tops
- Hairy body kept them warm
- Ate raw meat, fruits, vegetables, insects and roots
- Lived in small groups for security purposes
- Used gestures for communication
- Hunted animals
- They gathered wild fruits and honey. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
- Give three stages in the evolution of man after Homo Habilis. (3mks)
-
- Outline three disadvantages of road transport. (3mks)
- High number of accidents on roads leads to lose of life
- Pollution caused by exhaust fumer
- The use of roads is limited to specific areas i.e cannot go beyond land.
- Construction of all weather roads is expensive
- Due to increased number of vehicles on roads traffic congestion is a major concern in most cities and towns
- When roads become impassable especially those that are not all weather roads
- The quantity of goods carried is limited as roads cannot carry bulky goods compared to the railway. (3 x 1 = 3mks).
- Explain six positive effects of telecommunication in modern society. (12mks)
- Improved communication
- Education of the public through media
- In the transport of ship at sea and Aeroplane in the air co-ordinates through telecommunication.
- Exploration of outer space – satellites sent to space send information
- Promotes national unity
- Provides employment. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
- Outline three disadvantages of road transport. (3mks)
-
- Give three systems of administration used by the colonists in Africa. (3mks)
- Direct rule
- Assimilation
- Indirect rule
- Association. (Any 3 x1 = 3mks)
- Explain six results of the collaboration between the British and Lewanika. (12mks)
- Bulozi lost their independence to the British
- They lost most of their land to the British
- Lewanika was made a paramount cheif
- Bulozi got the British protection against their enemies Ndebele
- Led to introduction of western education and development of infrastructure in Barotseland
- Lewanik’s son and his people received Western education. (6 x2 = 12mks)
- Give three systems of administration used by the colonists in Africa. (3mks)
-
- Give three methods used by Mozambican nationalists to struggle for Independence. (3mks)
- Guerrilla warfare
- Through press which articulated African grievances
- Formation of associations
- Strikes against forced labour and poor working conditions in 1947 and 1956
- Formation of political parties like FRELIMO, UDENAMO,UNAM and MANU
- Civil education from FRELIMO
- Explain six challenges faced by FRELIMO in nationalist struggle
- Internal division due to ideological differences and selfish ambitions
- Apartheid regime in South Africa and unilateral Declaration of independence in S. Rhodesia joined forces with Portuguese against FRELIMO.
- Competition from rural guerilla movements such as Revolutionary Committee of Mozambique.
- Attack of FRELIMO from the church claiming that it was a terrorist organization, thus many church followers were reluctant to join.
- Asassination of Eduardo Mondlane in Dar-es salam in February 3rd 1969 demotivated the Africans from active nationalist struggle.
- Shortage of basic needs among the Africans in the initial stages of the war.
- Portuguese used ruthless and cruel methods in suppressing the FRELIMO supporters such as massacre of 400 civilians at Wiriyamu in December 1972. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
- Give three methods used by Mozambican nationalists to struggle for Independence. (3mks)
SECTION C( ANSWERANY TWO QUESTIONS)
-
- Give three reasons why the British used direct rule to administer Zimbabwe.(3mks)
- They desired to control the economy of Zimbabwe
- Local political institutions based on Induna system had been destroyed during the British occupation of Zimbabwe.
- To ensure complete control of African to end African resistance
- Company officials in the area were familiar with the area and British system of administration.
- Adequate finance for administration from the colony.
- Adequate personnel from the white settlers. (3 x1 = 3mks)
- Explain six reasons for the failure of majimaji rebellion (12mks)
- African were not organized in their resistance
- Germany had superior weapons
- Germany’s applied scorched earth policy
- Failure of magic water to protect Africans
- Lack of unity and co-ordination among Africans
- Africans weakened by 1907 famine. ( 6 x 2 = 12mks)
- Give three reasons why the British used direct rule to administer Zimbabwe.(3mks)
-
- Apart from Britain name three permanent member states of the UN security council.(3mks)
- USA
- France
- Russia
- China. (3 x 1 = 3mks)
- Explain six causes of the cold war after 1945. (12mks)
- Ideological difference between capitalist USA and the communist USSR
- Arms race and failure of the two powers to agree on arm reduction plan.
- Economic rivalry and formation of marshal plan by USA and COMECON by USSR
- Formation of military alliances and military support to opponents enemies.
- Use of Russian veto powers in the UN to defeat USA proposal.
- Differences over Germany as USA wanted a strong Germany to assist in economic prosperity in other European nations while the soviet union wanted a Politically weak Germany. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
- Apart from Britain name three permanent member states of the UN security council.(3mks)
-
- Name the three countries that formed tripple entente (3mks)
- Britain
- France
- Russia (3 x 1= 3mks)
- Discuss six results of the first world war (12mks)
- Many people died
- There was destruction of property
- Formation of league of nations to maintain peace in the world
- The war led to creation of new nations in Europe
- Large sums of money were spent on the purchase of war equipments.
- The war weakened Europe’s economic activities
- The war created refugee problem in Europe many people were displaced. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
- Name the three countries that formed tripple entente (3mks)
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