Instructions to Candidates
- This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
- Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
- Candidates should answer the questions in English
Section A (25 marks)
Answer all questions in this section
- Identify the main source of information on Kenyan communities. (1 mark)
- State two natural reasons for the migration of Bantu into Kenya. (2 marks)
- Identify the basic political unit of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
- Give two evidences that shows that Chinese arrived at the East African coast. (2 marks)
- Name one missionary society that worked in Kenya in the 19 th century. (1 mark)
- Identify two categories of people eligible for registration as Kenyan citizens. (2 marks)
- Define the term “National integration”. (1 mark)
- State the main reason for the formation of Inter-Party Parliamentary Group caucus in 1997. (1 mark)
- Give two ways in which the constitution of Kenya can be amended. (2 marks)
- Name the document that contains children rights in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Identify two communities that exhibited mixed reactions. (2 marks)
- Give two reasons why oathing was administered to Agiryama warriors. (2 marks)
- Identify two grievances of the Indian delegation that were addressed by Devonshire White Paper of 1923. (2 marks)
- State two features of Missionary education in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 marks)
- Give the main impact of Oliver Lyttelton constitution of 1954. (1 mark)
- Identify one type of elections in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Who is the administrative head of the Kenyan Judiciary? (1 mark)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer three questions in this section
-
- Mention five economic activities of the Maasai. (5mks)
- Explain five effects of Bantu migration and settlement in Kenya (10mks)
-
- State five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan coast. (5mks)
- Explain five social effects of the Indian ocean trade on the peoples of Kenyan coast up to 1500AD (10mks)
-
- State five duties of the British governor in Kenya during the colonial period (5mks)
- Discuss five reasons why British colonized Kenya (10mks)
-
- State five factors that facilitated the Mau Mau movement. (5mks)
- Explain five roles played by the African elected members of parliament in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (10mks)
SECTION C 30 MARKS
Answer any two questions in this section
-
- Name five different types of prisons in kenya 5 mks
- Explain five factors that may undermine the administration of justice in kenya (10 mks)
-
- identify five categories of people whose personal freedom of movement is limited in kenya (5 mks)
- Explain five rights of a child as contained in the constitution of kenya (10 mks)
-
- state five reasons why the independence of the judiciary is important in kenya (5 mks)
- Explain five factors that can interfere with free and fair elections in kenya (10 mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
- Identify the main source of information on Kenyan communities. (1 mark)
- Oral traditions 1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
- State two natural reasons for the migration of Bantu into Kenya. (2 marks)
- Due to famine
- Due to disease
- Through drought Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
- Identify the basic political unit of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
- The Clan 1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
- Give two evidences that shows that Chinese arrived at the East African coast. (2 marks)
- Remains of Chinese coins
- Fragments of Chinese pottery
- Information in the periplus of the Eritrean sea Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
- Name one missionary society that worked in Kenya in the 19th century. (1 mark)
- The Church Missionary Society
- The London Missionary Society
- The Holy Ghost Mission
- The Mill Hill Fathers
- The Church of Scotland
- The African Inland Mission
- The American Bible Society
- The Seventh Day Adventist
- The Quakers
- The Roman Catholic Church Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
- Identify two categories of people eligible for registration as Kenyan citizens. (2 marks)
- A person who has been married to a Kenyan citizen for at least seven years can apply to be registered as a Kenyan citizen
- A person who has lawfully lived or resided in Kenya for a continuous period of at least seven years may apply to be registered as one
- A child who is not a citizen, but is adopted by a Kenyan citizen, is entitled to be registered as a Kenyan after application. Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
- Define the term “National integration”. (1 mark)
- It is the process of bringing together people of diverse backgrounds in the country
1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
- It is the process of bringing together people of diverse backgrounds in the country
- State the main reason for the formation of Inter-Party Parliamentary Group caucus in 1997. (1 mark)
- To ensure a level playing ground for all political parties/ promote free and fair elections
1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
- To ensure a level playing ground for all political parties/ promote free and fair elections
- Give two ways in which the constitution of Kenya can be amended. (2 marks)
- Popular Initiative
- Parliamentary Initiative 1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
- Name the document that contains children rights in Kenya. (1 mark)
- The Children’s act of 2001 1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
- Identify two communities that exhibited mixed reactions. (2 marks)
- Agikuyu
- Akamba
- Luo Any 2 points @ 1 mark (2 marks)
- Give two reasons why oathing was administered to Agiryama warriors. (2 marks)
- To unify the fighters
- To give them courage/morale
- To make them committed to the struggle
- To keep secrets Any 2 points @ 1 mark (2 marks)
- Identify two grievances of the Indian delegation that were addressed by Devonshire White Paper of 1923. (2 marks)
- They demanded equal rights with the Europeans
- They wanted to own land in the Kenyan highlands
- They opposed restriction on their migration into Kenya Any 2 points @ 1 mark (2 marks)
- State two features of Missionary education in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 marks)
- Elementary subjects like reading, writing, religion hygiene and arithmetic were taught
- It was industrial and technical in nature/masons, carpenters
- It was religious oriented for specific denominations Any 2 points @ 1 mark (2 marks)
- Give the main impact of Oliver Lyttelton constitution of 1954. (1 mark)
- It allowed the formation of a multi racial government/society. 1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
- Identify one type of elections in Kenya. (1 mark)
- General elections
- By elections Any 1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
- Who is the administrative head of the Kenyan Judiciary? (1 mark)
- The Chief Registrar of the Judiciary 1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
SECTION B
-
- Mention five economic activities of the Maasai. (5mks)
- Trading with their Neighbours .E.g Abagusii.
- Pastoralism
- Agriculture .E.g Kwavi group of Maasai
- Gathering of roots, Vegetables and fruits
- Craftsmanship especially iron working
- Raiding from neighbours in order to acquire more herds.
- Explain five effects of Bantu migration and settlement in Kenya (10mks)
- They assimilated communities such as the Ogiek
- They intermarried with others. e.g. the luo and Abaluyia
- They displaced the communities they came across .eg. the sirikwa who lived in the Rift Valley.
- Trade intensified as they traded with other communities
- population increased as people intermarried
- Conflict /wars intensified as the new arrivals competed for resources with other communities.
- Communities borrowed cultural beliefs and other ideas from each other. E.g taboo of fish eating from the cushites.
- Mention five economic activities of the Maasai. (5mks)
-
- State five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan coast (5mks)
- They had superior weapons
- They had better /strong naval power
- The coastal towns were not united
- They got reinforcement from Goa in India
- Some towns did not offer resistance to the Portuguese invasion
- They waged surprise attacks
- They had well trained soldiers
- Explain five social effects of the Indian ocean trade on the peoples of Kenyan coast upto 1500AD (10mks)
- It led to intermarriage between the coastal people and the Arabs giving rise to Swahili people.
- Africans were converted to Islam by Muslim traders
- Islamic culture was adopted by the coastal people through interaction with Arabs
- It led to new Architectural design along the coast
- It led to the introduction of sharia/Islamic laws along the coast –which defined the people’s way of life.
- It fuelled conflict between the communities as demand for slaves increased leading to insecurity
- It led to emergence of Kiswahili as a new language of communication as the local interacted with the foreigners.
- State five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan coast (5mks)
-
- State five duties of the British governor in Kenya during the colonial period (5mks)
- Represented the British government /Answerable to the British government
- Overall in charge of the colony
- Judged/settled some cases within the colony
- Supervised the provincial administration
- Gave assent to bills before they became law
- Appointing administrators/loyal Africans as chiefs through the district officers.
- Give five reasons why British colonized Kenya (10mks)
- To establish their control over the source of River Nile because of their interests in Egypt.
- To help stop slave trade in the region and replace it with legitimate trade
- To protect their missionaries who were already in Kenya so that could carry out their missionary work/Spread of Western civilization
- To establish a reliable market for their manufactured goods in Britain
- For prestige
- To ensure settlements for surplus population
- To ensure surplus /excess capital
- To secure sources of raw materials
- To prevent colonization of Kenya by other powers/to have monopoly of resources and power
- State five duties of the British governor in Kenya during the colonial period (5mks)
-
- State five factors that facilitated the Mau Mau movement. (5mks)
- The oathing activities which united nationalists
- Availability of homemade guns/ammunition
- Hilly terrain/existence of forests provided hideouts for nationalists
- Regular food supply/information provided to the fighters
- Availability of able/skilfull leaders
- Use of guerrilla tactics to fight the colonialists
- Explain five roles played by the African elected members of parliament in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (10mks)
- They demanded for the release of detained/imprisoned African nationalists
- They advocated for increased African representation in the Legco
- They enlightened/educated other Africans on the need to struggle for independence
- They aired/presented African grievances in international for a
- They networked with other pan – Africanists to hasten the achievement of independence.
- They formed political parties/movements to demand for independence/rights of Africans
- They popularized Kenyatta thereby making him acceptable as a national leader.
- They took part in the writing of the independence constitution/Lancaster house conferences
- State five factors that facilitated the Mau Mau movement. (5mks)
SECTION C 30 MARKS
-
- Name Five different types of prisons in kenya 5 mks
- Youth institutions.
- Detention camps
- Extra mural penal employment schemes
- Principal institutions
- District I and II prisons 5x1 = 5 mks
- Explain Five factors that may undermine the administration of justice in kenya (10 mks)
- High incidence of crime cause delay in the hearing and finalizing of cases.
- Corrupt practices by some of the judicial officers and police undermine fair administration of justice.
- Too much interference from executive has undermined the independence of judiciary.
- Lack of competent judges- who pass poor and inconsistent judgements.
- Lack of adequate funds to run the administration of justice.
- Poor pay/renumeration for judges
- Lack of continuous training / refresher courses for judicial officers.
- Name Five different types of prisons in kenya 5 mks
-
- Identify five categories of people whose personal freedom of movement is limited in kenya (5 mks)
- Convicted criminals
- A person suspected of having committed or about to commit a criminal offence.
- A drug addict
- A person of unsound mind
- A young person under 18 years may be denied for purposes of education and welfare
- A person with an infection or contigious disease be detained to stop spreading it. 5 x1 = 5 mks
- Explain five rights of a child as contained in the constitution of kenya (10 mks)
- Not to be detained
- To name from birth
- To nationality from birth
- To free and compulsory basic education
- To basic nutrition,shelter and health care
- To the protection from abuse,neglect,harmful,cultural practice, all forms of violence of exploitative labour.
- To parental care and protection 5x2 = 10 mks
- Identify five categories of people whose personal freedom of movement is limited in kenya (5 mks)
-
- State five reasons why the independence of the judiciary is important in kenya (5 mks)
- it helps in provision of services efficiently/effectively
- it safeguards itself from abuse by the legislature/executive
- it enables the courts to interpret the law without fear favour or pressure /any form of influence.
- It is the basis of rule of law
- It ensures people enjoy their rights/freedoms 5x1 = 5 mks
- Explain five factors that can interfere with free and fair elections in kenya (10 mks)
- Corruption among election officials
- Electoral violence
- Illiteracy of some voters/may make them easy to mislead
- Incompetent election officials can mismanage the process
- Rigging may interfere with elections where the wrong candidature is declared the winner.
- Lack /inadequate civic education denies the electorate an opportunity to learn about the importance of participating in elections.
- Poor physical infrastructure where some polling stations may be inaccessible and hence denying voters in such areas a chance to vote.
- Harassment of voters by supporters of different candidates/parties can prevent voters from voting in certain regions/zones.
- Electoral equipment like BVR kits can breakdown during elections thereby slowing the process 5x2 = 10 mks
- State five reasons why the independence of the judiciary is important in kenya (5 mks)
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