History Questions and Answers - Form 1 End Term 1 2021

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HISTORY
FORM 1
END TERM EXAM
TERM 1 2021

INSTRUCTIONS

  • Answer all the questions
  1. Describe three branches of History and Government. (6 mks)
  2. Outline five characteristics of government. (5 mks)
  3. Identify four types of government. (4 mks)
  4. Outline five unwritten sources of information on history and government. (5 mks)
  5. State five limitations of anthropology as a source of information on history and government. (5 mks)
  6. Outline five dating methods used in archaeology. (5 mks)
  7. State four reasons for evolution of man. (4 mks)
  8. State five characteristics of Homo erectus. (5 mks)
  9. State five hunting methods used by man during the old stone age. (5 mks)
  10. Describe six ways in which the discovery of fire by early man improved his way of life. (6 mks)
  11. Name two theories that explaining the origin of Agriculture. (2 mks)
  12. Explain five factors that facilitated the development of early agriculture in Mesopotamia.(5 mks)
  13. Explain five causes of food shortage in third world countries. (5 mks)
  14. State five reasons for the migration of the River Lake Nilotes. (5 mks)
  15. State three linguistic groups of peple of Kenya upto 19th century. (3 mks)


MARKING SCHEME

  1. Describe three branches of History and Government. (6 mks)
    • Social History – Deals with peoples religion, beliefs, cultural practices, dressing, taboos, values, eating habit and literature.
    • Political history – Which dwells on the systems of government, leadership, security and maintenance of law and order.
    • Economic – Which is the means of livelihood of people such as hunting gathering, trade, crop growing, fishing and livestock keeping.
  2. Outline five characteristics of government. (5 mks)
    • Rules
    • Legitimacy
    • Law enforcement
    • Sovereignty
    • Jurisdiction.
  3. Identify four types of government. (4 mks)
    • Democratic government
    • Aristocratic government
    • Monarchical government
    • Dictatorial government
  4. Outline five unwritten sources of information on history and government. (5 mks)
    • Oral tradition
    • Archaeology
    • Anthropology
    • Linguistic
    • Genetics
    • Palaeontology
  5. State five limitations of anthropology as a source of information on history and government. (5 mks)
    • Its an expensive method
    • It is time consuming - Anthropologists risk loosing their own culture and adopting a foreign culture.
    • People under observation may try to behave differently when anthropologist is around.
    • The anthropologist may find it difficult to adapt fully to new community e.g climate, food and religion.
  6. Outline five dating methods used in archaeology. (5 mks)
    • Radio carbon 14 dating
    • Potassium argon dating
    • Stratigraphy
    • Palaeomagnetic
    • Geological dating
    • Lexico – statistics
    • Statistical
  7. State four reasons for evolution of man. (4 mks)
    • Mutation
    • Natural selection
    • Isolation
    • Adaptation
  8. State five characteristics of Homo erectus. (5 mks)
    • They walked in an upright posture
    • Had more advanced speech than his predecessors.
    • He was 5 feet tall
    • He had brain capacity of between 775 – 1250cc.
    • They were first people to use fire.
    • They were omnivorous
    • He made more advanced tools (Acheulian)
  9. State five hunting methods used by man during the old stone age. (5 mks)
    • Chasing and throwing stones and spears at the animals.
    • Digging large pits on the paths through which animals went to drink water and covering the pit with delicate stones and grass.
    • Chasing animals over steep cliffs and forcing them to fall over and break their limbs.
    • Driving the animals in swampy areas where they got stuck.
    • Waiting for animals near watering points.
    • Man killed animals that were injured by others.
  10. Describe six ways in which the discovery of fire by early man improved his way of life. (6 mks)
    • Warming himself during the cold nights.
    • The flames of fire gave him light.
    • Fire provided man with protection by keeping away dangerous animals at night.
    • He used fire to cook and soften his food.
    • Fire used to harden the tips of his tools.
    • He used fire to hunt by scaring wild animals.
    • He used fire to preserve his food.
    • Fired was used as a means of communication.
  11. Name two theories that explaining the origin of Agriculture. (2 mks)
    • One area theory/Diffusion theory
    • Independent development theory.
  12. Explain five factors that facilitated the development of early agriculture in Mesopotamia.(5 mks)
    • Availability of water for irrigation
    • Good fertile soils
    • Availability of wild plants and animals which were suitable for domestication.
    • Population increase.
    • Invention of farming tools such as seed drill and ox-drawn plough.
    • Good transport facilities e.g ox-drawn carts.
    • Good storage facilities.
  13. Explain five causes of food shortage in third world countries. (5 mks)
    • High population growth rate.
    • Poor land use and agricultural practices.
    • Inadequate transport and communication facilities.
    • High level of poverty.
    • Over dependency on developed foreign countries.
    • Poor storage facilities.
    • Political instability.
    • Inadequate capital.
    • Poor farming methods.
    • HIV/AIDs has caused death.
  14. State five reasons for the migration of the River Lake Nilotes. (5 mks)
    • Search for pasture and water for their animals.
    • Internal conflicts.
    • External conflicts.
    • Population pressure.
    • Attacks by diseases and other epidemics.
    • Spirit for adventure.
    • Looking for new grounds for fishing.
  15. State three linguistic groups of people of Kenya upto 19th century. (3 mks)
    • The Bantu
    • The Cushites
    • The Nilotes.
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