HISTORY
FORM 1
END TERM EXAM
TERM 1 2021
INSTRUCTIONS
- Answer all the questions
- Describe three branches of History and Government. (6 mks)
- Outline five characteristics of government. (5 mks)
- Identify four types of government. (4 mks)
- Outline five unwritten sources of information on history and government. (5 mks)
- State five limitations of anthropology as a source of information on history and government. (5 mks)
- Outline five dating methods used in archaeology. (5 mks)
- State four reasons for evolution of man. (4 mks)
- State five characteristics of Homo erectus. (5 mks)
- State five hunting methods used by man during the old stone age. (5 mks)
- Describe six ways in which the discovery of fire by early man improved his way of life. (6 mks)
- Name two theories that explaining the origin of Agriculture. (2 mks)
- Explain five factors that facilitated the development of early agriculture in Mesopotamia.(5 mks)
- Explain five causes of food shortage in third world countries. (5 mks)
- State five reasons for the migration of the River Lake Nilotes. (5 mks)
- State three linguistic groups of peple of Kenya upto 19th century. (3 mks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Describe three branches of History and Government. (6 mks)
- Social History – Deals with peoples religion, beliefs, cultural practices, dressing, taboos, values, eating habit and literature.
- Political history – Which dwells on the systems of government, leadership, security and maintenance of law and order.
- Economic – Which is the means of livelihood of people such as hunting gathering, trade, crop growing, fishing and livestock keeping.
- Outline five characteristics of government. (5 mks)
- Rules
- Legitimacy
- Law enforcement
- Sovereignty
- Jurisdiction.
- Identify four types of government. (4 mks)
- Democratic government
- Aristocratic government
- Monarchical government
- Dictatorial government
- Outline five unwritten sources of information on history and government. (5 mks)
- Oral tradition
- Archaeology
- Anthropology
- Linguistic
- Genetics
- Palaeontology
- State five limitations of anthropology as a source of information on history and government. (5 mks)
- Its an expensive method
- It is time consuming - Anthropologists risk loosing their own culture and adopting a foreign culture.
- People under observation may try to behave differently when anthropologist is around.
- The anthropologist may find it difficult to adapt fully to new community e.g climate, food and religion.
- Outline five dating methods used in archaeology. (5 mks)
- Radio carbon 14 dating
- Potassium argon dating
- Stratigraphy
- Palaeomagnetic
- Geological dating
- Lexico – statistics
- Statistical
- State four reasons for evolution of man. (4 mks)
- Mutation
- Natural selection
- Isolation
- Adaptation
- State five characteristics of Homo erectus. (5 mks)
- They walked in an upright posture
- Had more advanced speech than his predecessors.
- He was 5 feet tall
- He had brain capacity of between 775 – 1250cc.
- They were first people to use fire.
- They were omnivorous
- He made more advanced tools (Acheulian)
- State five hunting methods used by man during the old stone age. (5 mks)
- Chasing and throwing stones and spears at the animals.
- Digging large pits on the paths through which animals went to drink water and covering the pit with delicate stones and grass.
- Chasing animals over steep cliffs and forcing them to fall over and break their limbs.
- Driving the animals in swampy areas where they got stuck.
- Waiting for animals near watering points.
- Man killed animals that were injured by others.
- Describe six ways in which the discovery of fire by early man improved his way of life. (6 mks)
- Warming himself during the cold nights.
- The flames of fire gave him light.
- Fire provided man with protection by keeping away dangerous animals at night.
- He used fire to cook and soften his food.
- Fire used to harden the tips of his tools.
- He used fire to hunt by scaring wild animals.
- He used fire to preserve his food.
- Fired was used as a means of communication.
- Name two theories that explaining the origin of Agriculture. (2 mks)
- One area theory/Diffusion theory
- Independent development theory.
- Explain five factors that facilitated the development of early agriculture in Mesopotamia.(5 mks)
- Availability of water for irrigation
- Good fertile soils
- Availability of wild plants and animals which were suitable for domestication.
- Population increase.
- Invention of farming tools such as seed drill and ox-drawn plough.
- Good transport facilities e.g ox-drawn carts.
- Good storage facilities.
- Explain five causes of food shortage in third world countries. (5 mks)
- High population growth rate.
- Poor land use and agricultural practices.
- Inadequate transport and communication facilities.
- High level of poverty.
- Over dependency on developed foreign countries.
- Poor storage facilities.
- Political instability.
- Inadequate capital.
- Poor farming methods.
- HIV/AIDs has caused death.
- State five reasons for the migration of the River Lake Nilotes. (5 mks)
- Search for pasture and water for their animals.
- Internal conflicts.
- External conflicts.
- Population pressure.
- Attacks by diseases and other epidemics.
- Spirit for adventure.
- Looking for new grounds for fishing.
- State three linguistic groups of people of Kenya upto 19th century. (3 mks)
- The Bantu
- The Cushites
- The Nilotes.
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