Questions
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
(Answer all questions in this section)
- Define the legitimacy as a characteristic of government. (1mark)
- Identify two examples of highland Bantu in Kenya. (2marks)
- Give the name of the god worshipped by the Abagusii during the pre-colonial period. (1mark)
- State two political functions of the orkoiyot among the Nandi during the 19th Century. (2marks)
- Identify one treaty that was signed to end slave trade along the East Africa Coast during the time of Seyyid Said. (1mark)
- Give one limitation to the right to start a family in Kenya. (1mark)
- Identify one way in which the presidency promotes National Unity (1mark)
- State two factors that determine the form of constitution to be adopted in a country. (2marks)
- Identify one main aspect of democracy. (1mark)
- Name the treaty that marked the end of scramble and partition of East Africa. (1mark)
- Give two reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow coffee until 1937. (2mark)
- Identify two roles played by Kenya Africa Democratic Union KADU in the struggle for independence. (2marks)
- Who is regarded as the father of trade union in Kenya? (1mark)
- Outline the composition of the National Security Council. (2mark)
- Identify one source of the Nyayo philosophy. (1mark)
- Give two conditions that can make a county governor be removed from office under the Kenyan constitution 2010. (2marks)
- Identify two types of funds established by the constitution of kenya. (2marks)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
(Answer any three questions in this section)
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- State five factors that led to migration of the plain Nilotes into Kenya. (5marks)
- Explain five effects of the Bantu migration into Kenya. (10marks)
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- State five factors which influenced the Akamba to participate in long distance trade. (5marks)
- Explain five factors which promoted the development of the Indian Ocean trade. (10marks)
-
- Outline the terms of the Devonshire White Paper of 1923. (5marks)
- Explain five problems experienced by the white settlers in
in Kenya. (10 marks)
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- Give five factors that facilitated industrial development in Kenya since the colonial period. (5marks)
- Explain five ways through which the government has encouraged the preservation of African culture since independence. (10marks)
SECTION C (30MARKS)
(ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION)
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- State three symbols of National Unity in Kenya. (3marks)
- Explain six importance of National Integration. (12marks)
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- State three characteristics of a good constitution. (3marks)
- Describe the features of the Constitution of Kenya at independence. (12marks)
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- Name the branches of the National Security Organs in Kenya. (3marks)
- Explain six functions of the correctional services in Kenya. (12marks)
Marking Scheme
- Define the legitimacy as a characteristic of government. (1mark)
- Legitimacy means government should be acceptable to the people whom it exercises power or authority. Regular elections enhances legitimacy.
- Identify two examples of highland Bantu in Kenya. (2marks)
- Akamba.
- Agikuyu.
- Ameru.
- Aembu.
- Mbeere.
- Give the name of the god worshipped by the Abagusii during the pre-colonial period. (1mark)
- Engoro
- State two political functions of the orkoiyot among the Nandi during the 19th Century. (2marks)
- He advised the council of elders on matters related to running of community affairs.
- He advised and blessed the warriors before raiding or waging war. He arbitrated inter-clan disputes.
- He foretold the future on success of war, famine epidemics, drought and other calamities.
- Identify one treaty that was signed to end slave trade along the East Africa Coast during the time of Seyyid Said. (1mark)
- Moresby Treaty.
- Hammerton Treaty.
- Frere Treaty
- Give one limitation to the right to start a family in Kenya. (1mark)
- Under-age marriages are not allowed.
- Same sex marriages are not allowed.
- Identify one way in which the presidency promotes National Unity (1mark)
- The president is the spokesman and international representative of Kenyans.
- The presidency unifies all Kenyans as it symbolizes the aspirations and hopes of the people.
- State two factors that determine the form of constitution to be adopted in a country. (2marks)
- Historical background of a country.
- Geographical factors.
- Religious beliefs of the people.
- Racial composition.
- Identify one main aspect of democracy. (1mark)
- Political aspect.
- Social aspect.
- Economic aspect.
- Name the treaty that marked the end of scramble and partition of East Africa. (1mark)
- Heligoland Treaty/Second Anglo-German treaty 1890.
- Give two reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow coffee until 1937. (2mark)
- Europeans wanted to continue getting cheap African labor for their farms.
- European settlers did not want to compete with Africans
- The settlers claimed that Africans did not have the knowledge of growing coffee.
- The fear that diseases would spread from African farms to the plantations of settlers.
- European settlers claimed that African farmers would produce low quality coffee due to inadequate resources.
- Identify two roles played by Kenya Africa Democratic Union KADU in the struggle for independence. (2marks)
- It united the minority communities in Kenya e.g the Kalenjin.Luhyia.maasai and coastal communities.
- It educated/mobilized Africans against the colonial domination.
- It pressed for the release of Jomo Kenyatta while hoping that he would eventually join on their side.
- It participated in drawing up the independence constitution in the second Lancaster House Conference.
- As an opposition party though for a short time, it helped to provide checks on the KANU government.
- Who is regarded as the father of trade union in Kenya? (1mark)
- Thomas Joseph Mboya/Tom Mboya.
- Outline the composition of the National Security Council. (2mark)
- The president.
- The Deputy president.
- The cabinet secretary responsible for defense.
- The cabinet secretary responsible for foreign affairs.
- The cabinet secretary responsible for internal security.
- The Attorney General.
- The Chief of Kenya Defense Forces.
- The Director-General of the National Intelligence Service.
- The Inspector -General of the National Police Service.
- Identify one source of the Nyayo philosophy. (1mark)
- Sessional paper No 10 0f 1965 that articulated African socialism which is based on collective responsibility and being mindful of other peoples welfare.
- The Biblical teachings of the ten commandments summarized as love for God fellow man and one self.
- Moi’s long political career inspired him to develop the phi Sophy. he realized that nation building requires love.
- Give two conditions that can make a county governor be removed from office under the Kenyan constitution 2010. (2marks)
- Gross violation of the constitution or any other law.
- When the county governor commits a crime under national or international law.
- When the governor abuses office or is accused of gross misconduct.
- When he/she suffers from physical or mental incapacity that hinders performance of the functions of office.
- Identify two types of funds established by the constitution of kenya. (2marks).
- Equalisation Fund.
- Consolidated Fund.
- Contingencies Fund.
- Revenue Funds.
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- State five factors that led to migration of the plain Nilotes into Kenya. (5marks)
- The need for fresh grazing lands and water for their large herds.
- Diseases and epidemics that might have afflicted either their flocks or people.
- Escape from internal attacks.
- Escape from external attacks.
- To satisfy their spirit of adventure.
- Due to population pressure in their cradle land.
- Drought and famine in their cradle land.
- Explain five effects of the Bantu migration into Kenya. (10marks)
- Bantu migration led to the spread of iron working to other parts of kenya.
- It led to increased population in the regions where they settled.
- They increased inter-community conflicts with other groups e.g Oromo, Maasai and Luo of L.Victoria.
- Trading activities intensified between the Bantu and other communities .
- It also increased cultural interaction with other communities.
- Spread of agricultural practices in Kenya e.g. Kwavi group of the Maasai adopted cultivation.
- Population redistribution e.g the Dorobo moved to forested areas.
- Displacement of some communities e.g some Eastern cushites were displaced by the Agikuyu from parts of Central Kenya.
- There were intermarriages e.g Abaluhyia intermarried with the Maasai. Kalenjin and the Luo.
- Exchange of knowledge and skills. Many Bantu adopted the Age-set and the practice of circumcision from the Southern Cushites.
- State five factors that led to migration of the plain Nilotes into Kenya. (5marks)
-
- State five factors which influenced the Akamba to participate in long distance trade. (5marks)
- Most ukambani land had poor soils and unreliable rainfall and therefore not suitable for agriculture/unsuitable environment.
- The outbreak of famine in ukambani in 1836.
- Ukambani is centrally placed between the coast and the interior.
- Presence of able and skillful leaders like chief Kivoi Mwendwa.
- They had much experience in local and inter-community trade.
- Presence of well-established trade and caravan routes.
- Availability of items of trade e.g honey, ivory and gum.
- Explain five factors which promoted the development of the Indian Ocean trade. (10marks)
- Availability of items of trade from East African coast and foreign countries e.g gold, ivory, slaves.
- There was high demand for the trade items from the coast by consumers from the outside world and the coastal towns.
- There were enterprising merchants in both the foreign lands and the East African Coast.
- Local trade existed among the Africans which provided the base upon which the Indian Ocean trade was conducted.
- Accessibility of the E.A.C by sea was of great importance.
- The existence of the monsoon winds facilitated the movement of the vessels to and from the coast.
- Relative peace and stability long the E.A.C.
- The natural harbors along the coast ensured safe docking of the ships for fueling and offloading supplies.
- Advancement of ship building industry in Europe.
- The existence of the Indian Banyans (money lenders) who gave credit facilities enabled many people to join in the trade
- State five factors which influenced the Akamba to participate in long distance trade. (5marks)
-
- Outline the terms of the Devonshire White Paper of 1923. (5marks)
- The white highlands were reserved for European settlement only.
- Indians would be allowed to elect five members to legco not on a common roll but on a communal roll.
- Racial segregation was to be abolished in all residential areas.
- Restriction on Indian immigration was lifted.
- A nominated missionary was to represent African interests in the legco.
- The European settler’s demand for self-government in Kenya was rejected.
- African interests were declared paramount before those of immigration races if there was a conflict.
- The sellers were to maintain their representation in the legco.
- The colonial secretary was given mandate to exercise strict control over the affairs of the colony.
- Explain five problems experienced by the white settlers in in Kenya. (10 marks)
- Inadequate labour as Africans refused to work.
- Constant raids by the local inhabitants.
- Some of the settlers lacked farming experience.
- Inadequate capital often hindered procurement of farm inputs.
- Lack of proper knowledge on farming seasons hence crop failure.
- There was the problem of poor transport and communication network.
- Inadequate and unreliable markets for their produce.
- Pests and diseases were prevalent in the white highlands.
- Outline the terms of the Devonshire White Paper of 1923. (5marks)
-
- Give five factors that facilitated industrial development in Kenya since the colonial era. (5marks)
- The existence of raw materials such as soda ash at lake Magadi, fluorspar at Kerio Valley and lime in several parts of Kenya.
- Existence of fish resource from numerous water bodies has promoted the fish processing industry.
- Existence of expansive forests which provide timber needed in the furniture industry.
- The rich scenery e.g. Mt Kenya. Mt Elgon, the Aberdares and the rich wildlife has promoted the tourism industry.
- Kenya’s rivers have enough waters for production of H.E.P
- Increase in population since the colonial period ensured supply of labour and the market required for industries to flourish.
- The transport and communication infrastructure have provided the necessary link between the material producing zones, industries and markets.
- Existence of rich agricultural lands producing raw materials such as coffee, tea, sugarcane and fruits.
- Explain five ways through which the government has encouraged the preservation of African culture since independence. (10marks)
- Creation of the ministry of culture and social services which promoted cultural and social values.
- The syllabus has been tailored to include cultural studies.
- Inclusion of music as a subject in the national curriculum
- The government allows intermarriage between different ethnic groups.
- The government has developed cultural heritage centers like the Bomas of Kenya, National Archives and Museums.
- Schools have been encouraged to admit people from different communities.
- Allowing the media houses to play traditional music/dance.
- Give five factors that facilitated industrial development in Kenya since the colonial era. (5marks)
-
- State three symbols of National Unity in Kenya. (3marks)
- the National flag.
- Coat of arms.
- National Anthem.
- The Public Seal.
- Explain six importance of National Integration. (12marks)
- It promotes rapid social and economic development in a country/enables people to develop a country.
- Promotes peaceful co-existence of different ethnic groups and races in a country.
- It helps limit suspicion and enhances security.
- It enables people tackle problems together as one.
- It enhances political stability in a country.
- Promotes collective responsibility among citizens in a country.
- It makes Kenya to speak with one voice in international for a like UNO.
- It attracts foreign investors to come and do businesses in the country.
- It unites Kenya and hence earning herself recognition and can be invited to take part in international activities like peace-keeping missions and being chosen as headquarters of an international agency like UNEP.
- State three symbols of National Unity in Kenya. (3marks)
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- State three characteristics of a good constitution. (3marks)
- definite and specific in content.
- Comprehensive so as to cover all aspects of government.
- Durable and elastic to avoid being tampered with.
- Flexible to accommodate changing needs of the society.
- Able to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of the citizens.
- Able to give room for amendment and clearly state the procedure for its amendment.
- Describe the features of the Constitution of Kenya at independence. (12marks)
- The executive power lay with the British Queen or Crown who delegated it to the Governor General
- Parliament was bicameral consisting of two houses: the house of representatives and the senate.
- It provided for regionalism/malimbes with seven regions each with its own legislative and executive powers.
- The constitution provided for the protection of the minorities and their rights.
- The bill of rights was enshrined in the constitution.
- It provided for an Independent Electoral Commission to oversee free and fair elections.
- It provides for the post of the prime minister as the head of government.
- It provided for the party with the majority seats to form the government.
- It provided for an independent and impartial judiciary for administration of justice.
- It provided for public service commission to deal with recruitment of public servants so as to promote fairness in service delivery.
- State three characteristics of a good constitution. (3marks)
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- Name the branches of the National Security Organs in Kenya.
- The Kenya Defence Forces.
- The National Intelligence Service.
- The National Police Service (3marks)
- Explain six functions of the correctional services in Kenya. (12marks)
- They rehabilitate /correct criminals through counselling.
- They deter criminals from committing crimes.
- They administer punishment to sentence criminals as prescribed by court of law.
- They confine prisoners convicted by the courts of law to ensure that the rights and freedoms of the public are protected.
- They provide vocational training for prisoners e.g. carpentry and masonry.
- They keep watch over the behaviors of suspected criminals whose cases are still pending in the law courts.
- They take care of the welfare of prisoners by providing them with the necessary medical attention.
- They confine suspected dissidents who are a threat to state security.
- Name the branches of the National Security Organs in Kenya.
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