INSTRUCTIONS
- Answer all the questions in section A
- Answer three questions in section B
- Answer two questions in section C.
QUESTIONS
SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
- State one limitation of Oral Tradition as a source of information on History and Government (1 mark)
- Give two reasons why Africa and especially East Africa is regarded as the Cradle of Mankind. (2 marks)
- Identify one sub-species of Homo Sapiens (1 mark)
- State two ways in which Agrarian Revolution in Britain affected the peasants (2)
- Give two advantages of using metal tools over stone tools. (2 marks)
- State one result of the invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia. (1 mark)
- State two roles played by the Tuaregs during the Trans-Saharan trade. (2 marks)
- Identify two characteristics of Macadamized roads. (2 marks)
- Identify two factors that led to the growth of Meroe as an urban centre. (2 marks)
- Identify one way in which the industrial Revolution contributed to European expansion in Africa. (1 mark)
- State one use of Bronze in ancient Benin. (1 mark)
- Give two functions of the Buganda Traditional Parliament (Lukiiko) (2 marks)
- State how Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa. (1 mark)
- Identify two terms of the treaty signed between Lobengula and Charles Rudd of the British South African Company representative. (2 marks)
- State how arms race contributed to the outbreak of the First World War. (1 mark)
- What was the main event that provoked U.S.A. to enter into the Second World War? (1 mark)
- Give the main reason why the League of Nations was formed in 1919. (1 mark)
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.
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- Identify five ways in which homo Erectus attempted to improve his way of life. (5 marks)
- Explain five ways through which the development of early agriculture changed the lives of early man. (10 marks)
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- State five characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe. (5 marks)
- Explain five effects of Scientific development on medicine. (10 marks)
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- List down three economic activities of the Shona. (3 marks)
- Describe social organization of the Shona. (12 marks)
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- Name three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana. (3)
- Explain six factors that led to the rise of Nationalism in Ghana. (12 marks)
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.
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- Give five weapons used in the cold war. (5 marks)
- Explain five factors for the decline of the cold war. (10 marks)
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- Give three duties performed by the Secretary General of the New East African Community. (3 marks)
- Discuss six challenges facing Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (12 marks)
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- How are the powers of the President of the United State of America checked. (5 marks)
- What are the functions of the Monarch in Britain? (10 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
- One limitation of oral tradition. (1 mark)
- The information may be biased
- The information may be distorted or exaggerated
- It is difficult to give the correct dates and chronological of events.
- Two reasons why Africa is regarded as the cradle of mankind (2 marks)
- The presence of many archaeological sites in Africa.
- The presence of Savanna grassland that provided food climate for early man.
- The tropical climate was suitable for early human’s existence for it was warm.
- Many all-season rivers that provided fresh water and trapping for wild animals.
- One sub-species of Homo Sapiens. (1 mark)
- Rhodesian man
- Neanderthal man
- Cro-Magnon man
- Ways in which Agrarian Revolution in Britain affected the Peasants. (2 marks)
- Their parcels of land were taken away from them.
- They were made to offer labour in the farms
- Two advantages of using metals tools over stone tools.
- Metals make strong tools and weapons
- They are more durable than stone.
- metals are difficult to break i.e. can be made in other forms.
- State one result of the invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia. (1 mark)
- It promoted early agriculture
- It facilitated the construction of roads
- It promoted trade
- It enhanced transportation of people and goods.
- Two roles played by the Tuaregs (2 marks)
- They protected the water points
- Guarded the traders
- Guided the caravans
- They served as interpreters
- provided accommodation to traders
- Two characteristics of Macadamized roads. (2 marks)
- They were wide
- They had a smooth surface
- They were straight
- They were durable
- Two factors that led to the growth of Meroe as an urban centre. (2 marks)
- Iron working knowledge
- Had fertile soils hence agriculture
- It was located at the junction of transport routes
- Industrial activities
- Trade
- Availability of sources of energy
- One way in which the industrial revolution contributed to European expansion in Africa. (1 mark)
- They came to Africa in search of raw materials for their industries
- Provision of market for manufactured goods
- Investment
- State one use of Bronze in ancient Benin (1 mark)
- Making weapons e.g. spears
- making ornaments
- making tools
- making sculptures and decorations
- Two functions of the Buganda traditional parliament. (2 marks)
- It was the law making body
- they advised Kabaka
- How Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa. (1 mark)
- Through signing of partition treaties.
- Two terms of the treaty signed between Lobengula and Charles Rudd the BSA Company representative. (2 marks)
- BSA company was given exclusive rights to exploit minerals in Lonbengulas territory.
- Lobengula was not allowed to sign any concession of land or minerals without the consent of Rhodes.
- How the arms race contributed to the outbreak of the First World War. (1 mark)
- It led to a high state of military preparedness and aggressiveness, thus undermining world security thus the war.
- Led to manufacture of more sophisticated weapons.
- The main event that provoked USA to enter the second world war. (1 mark)
- The attack of the Pearl habour by Japan in 1941
- The main reason why the league of Nations was formed in 1919
- To prevent the occurrence of another World War/To maintain world peace and security.
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- Five ways in which Homo Erectus attempted to improve his way of life(5)
- He improved Stone tools through use of Levallois technique
- He invented fire for cooking, lighting, warming and protection from wild animals
- He made/lived in caves/rock shelters for more security
- He made clothes out of animal skins
- He developed language for effective communication.
- He created leisure activities such as artwork.
- Five ways how development of early agriculture changed lives of early man.
- It provided man with steady supply of food
- Population increased as people had enough food
- It made man to live a settled life due to availability of food.
- Agricultural supplies led to development of trade
- It led to development of urban centres
- It led to development of social classes
- It led to development of secular laws/government
- It led to development of religion which was connected to agriculture.
- Five ways in which Homo Erectus attempted to improve his way of life(5)
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- The characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe. (5 marks)
- The use of machines to replace animals and human labour
- Development of better forms of transport
- improved living standards
- production of goods in large scale
- the growth of trade unions to cater for worker’s rights
- rise of the factory system to replace cottage industries.
- Effects of Scientific developments on medicine (10 marks)
- Vaccinations have led to controlling the spread of killer diseases.
- production of advanced medical equipment which has improved man’s life e.g. x-rays
- It led to cleaner, safer and less painful surgical operations. E.g. computer assisted surgery.
- The development of test tube babies through external fertilization has helped childless couples to have children.
- It has made it possible for one to have a heart, liver and kidney transplant.
- Life expectancy has increased of preventive and curative medicine.
- The characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe. (5 marks)
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- Three economic activities of the Shona. (3 marks)
- Shona practiced agriculture, growing crops such as millet, beans
- they practised livestock keeping
- they practised hunting and gathering
- they practised trade with their neighbours
- they were ironworkers and made iron spears, shields and hoes
- they practised fishing
- weaving
- Social organization of the Shona. (12 marks)
- Shona were divided into clans with names such as monkey, leopard and elephant
- Shona believed in existence of powerful God called Mwari
- Shona had priest who presided over religious functions, the priest came from Rozwi clan.
- Shona had specialist like rain makers and medicine men who treated the sick.
- Shona believed in existence of ancestral spirits e.t. vadsimu – family spirit and uhondoro – clan spirit.
- Shona practised both polygamous and exogamous marriage.
- Three economic activities of the Shona. (3 marks)
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- Three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana. (3 marks)
- Convention Peoples Party (CPP)
- United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)
- National League of Gold Coast.
- Factors for Nationalisation in Ghana. (12 marks)
- Unemployment – The colonial system of education produced many school leavers who were jobless.
- Exploitation of local resources – The British continued to exploit Ghanaian Minerals and agricultural produce this embittering the people.
- Many Africans were denied import and export licences in favour of whites
- Africans were forced to cut down their cocoa trees because they were affected by the swollen shoot disease.
- High prices of essential goods in towns.
- Ghanians got inspiration from the Pan-African movement
- The granting of independence of India and Pakistan inspired the nationalists in Ghana.
- Three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana. (3 marks)
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- Five weapons used in the cold war. (5 marks)
- Propaganda between the super powers
- Economic sanctions/Aid to enemy supporters
- Military aid to enemies of the other side as was in Vietnam
- Economic sanctions
- Financial/Technical aid to enemy supporters
- Boycotts e.g. Britain/USA boycotted the Olympics in Moscow.
- The use of the Veto power by USSR to defeat policies supported by USA in the UN.
- Factors for the decline of the cold war. (10 marks)
- The coming of Power of Mikhail Gorbachev as head of the USSR who was more liberal-policy of openness and restructuring USSR.
- The collapse of communism in Eastern European that accepted western democracy.
- Disarmament policies, baring nuclear tests in the atmosphere, strategic arms reduction treaty.
- The dissolution of Warsaw pact in 1991 and all former soviet states joining NATO.
- America’s diplomatic efforts under Reagan’s policy of friendship with USSR.
- The unification of Germany after the collapse of the Berlin wall uniting the East and West Germany.
- Russia support for Gulf War to liberate Kuwait from Iraq was a true sign of co-operation between Russia and USA that led to end the cold war.
- Five weapons used in the cold war. (5 marks)
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- Three duties performed by the Secretary General of the New East African Community. (5 marks)
- He/She is the head of the secretariat
- Authorizes expenditure on behalf of members
- He/She is the Secretary of the Summit/Takes minutes
- Keeps records of the proceedings
- Implements the decision adopted by the East Africa community summit.
- Prepares agenda for meeting.
- Six challenges facing the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (12 marks)
- Poor state of communication and transport infrastructure in the region hampers smooth running of the organization.
- Border conflicts among member states
- Ideological differences between various leaders have led to suspicion and mistrust among the members
- Divided loyalty and commitment due to membership in other organizations.
- Sharp division between the Francophone and Anglophone states in terms of administrative approach and language.
- Political instability which hinder peace in the region
- Member states fail to remit their annual payments contribution regularly and this weekend the organization.
- Three duties performed by the Secretary General of the New East African Community. (5 marks)
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- How the powers of the president of the USA checked. (5 marks)
- Presidential nominees must be approved by the USA congress
- The president can be impeached by the congress if his conduct is unconstitutional.
- the president serves for a maximum of two-four year term of office.
- The supreme court may declare an action or decision of the president to be unconstitutional
- The mass media checks the powers of the president by closely monitoring his action and speeches
- Congress approves government expenditure for foreign policy e.g. war.
- The functions of the Monarch in Britain (10 marks)
- Inviting the leader of the party with majority votes in the House of commons to form a government.
- Summons and opens the new British parliament
- Gives royal assents to bills before a bill becomes a law in Britain.
- the monarch is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces in Britain.
- Monarch is legal head of State in Britain.
- He/She approves all appointments to important state officers.
- The Monarch is the symbolic head of common wealth.
- Appoints the Archbishop of the Church of England
- Represents the country in International forums
- Grants honours to deserving persons in Britain.
- Exercises a prerogative of mercy and pardons convicted criminals in Britain.
- How the powers of the president of the USA checked. (5 marks)
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