Agriculture Questions and Answers - Form 1 End Term 1 Exams 2023

QUESTIONS.

1. What is soil profile? (1mk)
2.  
   1. State four effects of HIV/AIDS on agriculture. (2mks)
   2. State 4 factors that contribute to the formation of the soil. (2mks)
   3. Name four components of soil. (4mks)
3.  
   1. State one use of the following tools;
      1. Marking Gauge. (1mk)
      2. Bit Brace; (1mk)
      3. Panga; (1mk)
   2. State four reasons for maintaining tools. (2mks)
4. State two ways in which pests affect Agriculture. (2mks)
   1. List down four farming practices that can destroy soil structure. (4mks)
   2. State four important effects of carrying out liming in farming. (4mks)
   1. ) Give four reasons as to why a farmer would use a jembe instead of a disc plough.(4mks)
   2. List two possible and appropriate hand tools needed to finish off the handle of a fork jembe.(2mks)
   1. List down any six types of soil structure. (3mks)
   2. State five constituents of soil. (2 ½ mks)
   3. Name any four factors that influence soil depth.(2mks)
5. List four aspects of rainfall that influence Agriculture.(2mks)
   1. State three effects of high temperature on crop production.(3mks)
   2. State three aspects of soil that influence it’s productivity.(1 ½ mks)
6. State four environmental conditions that may lead to low crop yields.(4mks)
7. State six human factors affecting Agriculture.(3mks)
   1. what is wind? (1mk)
   2. State six ways by which wind affects growth of crops.(6mks)
   1. Differentiate between extensive system and intensive system. (2mks)
   2. State three characteristics of large scale farming. (1 ½ mks)
   1. what is shifting cultivation? (1mk)
   2. State any four advantages of shifting cultivation.(2mks)
8. Differentiate between the following terms; (4mks)
   1. Floriculture and pomology
   2. Aquaculture and Apiculture;
9. Name three forms in which water exists. (1 ½ mks)
10. State five categories of farm tools and equipment.(2 ½ mks)
11. State two ways a farmer can do to raise the acidity or lower the soil PH. (2mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.  What is soil profile? (1mk)
   • It is the vertical arrangement of various soil layers.
2. 1. State four effects of HIV/AIDS on agriculture. (2mks)
      1. Shortage of farm labour
      2. Increase cost of living of AIDS
      3. Low food supply and poverty in general has increased criminal activities.
      4. The Government and NGO’s are using a lot of time and resources in controlling the pandemic
   2. State 4 factors that contribute to the formation of the soil. (2mks)
      1. Parent rock material
      2. Climate
      3. Topography
      4. Time
   3. Name three types of planes used for smoothing surfaces of work. (1 ½ mks)
      • Block plane
      • Smoothing plane
      • Jack plane
3. 1. State one use of the following tools;
      1. Marking Gauge. (1mk)
         • Used to mark lines which are parallel to the edge
      2. Bit Brace; (1mk)
         • Used for holding and turning wood bits to bore holes in the wood.
      3. Panga; (1mk)
         • Bush clearing
         • Cultivation
      4. Claw bar; (1mk)
         • Used for removing long nails from wood
   2. State four reasons for maintaining tools. (2mks)
      • To reduce the replacement cost
      • To increase durability
      • To avoid damage to the tool
      • Increased efficiency
4. State two ways in which pests affect Agriculture. (2mks)
   1. They feed on the whole or parts of the plant lowering the quantity and quality of the produce.
   2. They transmit crop diseases
   3. Some pests injure the plant parts exposing the plant to secondary infection
   4. They increase the cost of production
5.  
   1. List down four farming practices that can destroy soil structure. (4mks)
      • Using heavy machinery on wet soil
      • Maximum tillage
      • Continuous cropping
      • Mono-cropping
      • Burning of vegetation
   2. State four important effects of carrying out liming in farming. (4mks)
      • Helps to improve the soil structure
      • Enriches the soil with calcium
      • Enhances nodulation in legumes
      • Raises the PH of the soil
6.  
   1. Give four reasons as to why a farmer would use a jembe instead of a disc plough.(4mks)
      • Land size may be too small
      • Land may be too steep
      • Absence of a disc plough
      • When the land has many stones
      • In case of inadequate capital
      • When it is only economically viable to use a jembe.
   2. List two possible and appropriate hand tools needed to finish off the handle of a fork jembe.(2mks)
      • Spoke shave
      • Cross cut saw
7. 1. List down any six types of soil structure. (3mks)
      • Single –grained soil structure
      • Crumby soil structure
      • Granular soil structure
      • Prismatic soil structure
      • Platy soil structure
      • Blocky soil structure
   2. .State five constituents of soil. (2 ½ mks)
      • Water
      • Air
      • Organic matter
      • Mineral matter
      • Living organisms
   3. Name any four factors that influence soil depth.(2mks)
      • Topography slope
      • Nature of the parent material
      • Climate conditions
      • Time taken by the soil to develop
      • Frequency and rate of erosion
8. List four aspects of rainfall that influence Agriculture.(2mks
   • Rainfall distribution
   • Reliability
   • Intensity
   • Amount
9.  
   1. State three effects of high temperature on crop production.(3mks)
      • High level of microbial activities
      • Improve chemical reactions in the soil
      • Improve the quality of some crop products
      • Improve growth rate of crops
   2. State three aspects of soil that influence it’s productivity.(1 ½ mks)
      • Soil structure
      • Soil texture
      • S oil colour
10. State four environmental conditions that may lead to low crop yields.(4mks)
    • Strong wind cause destruction to crops
    • PH above or below optimum leads to poor crop performance
    • Hailstorms cause destruction of crops in the field
    • Poor topography
    • Temperature above or below optimum reduce quantity and quality produce
    • Very low or very high light intensity affects photosynthesis and the overall effects on yields
    • High humidity affects the process of transpiration
    • Heavy rainfall causes flooding and erosion
11. State six human factors affecting Agriculture.(3mks)
    • Health
    • Economy
    • Government policy
    • Transport and communication
    • Social and cultural practice
    • Market forces
12.  
    1. what is wind? (1mk)
       • Wind is Air in motion
    2. State six ways by which wind affects growth of crops.(6mks)
       • Increase rate of evaporation and transpiration that cause water stress
       • Cause crop breakage
       • Carrying away rain carrying clouds
       • Enhance spread of pests and diseases
       • Causing Erosion hence reducing soil fertility
       • Increased transpiration pull hence increases mineral uptake
13.  
    1. Differentiate between extensive system and intensive system. (2mks)
       • Extensive system requires large tracts of land, low capital investment and low labour per unit area
       • Intensive system requires high capital and high labour investment per unit area.
    2. State three characteristics of large scale farming. (1 ½ mks)
       • Involves use of large tracts of land
       • Requires large capital
       • Skilled labour
       • High level management
       • Operation costs per unit of production are low
14.  
    1. what is shifting cultivation? (1mk)
       • Involves farming on a piece of land continuously until it is exhausted after which the farmer moves to a more fertile ground.
    2. State any four advantages of shifting cultivation.(2mks)
       • Soil structure is maintained
       • There is no pest and disease build- up
       • No land disputes
       • Low capital require.
15. Differentiate between the following terms; (4mks)
    1. Floriculture and pomology.
       • Floriculture is the growth of flowers while pomology is the growth of fruits
    2. Aquaculture and Apiculture;
       • Aquaculture is the rearing of fish in a fish pond while apiculture is the rearing of bees in a bee hive.
16. Name three forms in which water exists. (1 ½ mks)
    • Superfluous water
    • Capillary water
    • Hygroscopic water
17. State five categories of farm tools and equipment.(2 ½ mks)
    • Garden tools and equipment
    • Workshop tools and equipment
    • Livestock tools and equipment
    • Masonry tools and equipment
    • Plumbing tools and equipment
18. State two ways a farmer can do to raise the acidity or lower the soil PH. (2mks)
    • Application of sulphur.
    • Application of Acidic fertilizer such as Sulphate of Ammonia.