INSTRUCTIONS
- Write your name, admission number and current date in the space provided.
- Answer ALL questions
- All answers should be written in English
QUESTIONS
- Name two archeological sites in Kenya. (2mks)
- Identify one role of the Njuri Ncheke among the Ameru of Kenya in the pre-colonial period. (1mk)
- Give two written evidences of contact between the Kenyan coast and the outside world . (2mks)
- State two economic effects of Seyyid Said rule on East African Coast.(2mks)
- Give the main trade item from the interior during the long- distance trade in Kenya in the 16th century. (1mk)
- State two reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade. (2mks)
- Name one example Eastern Cushites.(1mks)
- Identify two disadvantages of unwritten constitution. (2mks)
- Identify one type of democracy. (1mk)
- State two the roles of the Tuaregs in the Trans-Saharan trade.(2mks)
- State two disadvantages of using coal as a source of energy.(2mks)
- Outline two reasons how the discovery of iron in Africa affected people’s lives in the continent. (2mks)
- State the main factor that led to the growth and development of Johannesburg.(1mk)
- Identify two factors that led to the growth of Athens as an early urban center.(2mks)
- Give two reasons why the people of Asante Kingdom celebrated the Odwira festival during the pre- colonial period. (2mks)
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- State five roles played by the council of elders among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period.(5mks)
- Explain five effects of Bantu migration and settlement in Kenya . (10mks)
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- Identify the three types of trade. (3mks)
- State six factors that led to decline of the Trans- Saharan Trade. (6mk)
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- State five factors that contributed to the growth of Nairobi city in Kenya.(5mks)
- Explain the positive effects of urbanization in Kenya. (10mks)
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- State three advantages of road transport. (3mks)
- State three disadvantages of space exploration. (3mks)
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- State six problems hindering industrialization in the Third World Countries. (6mks)
- State five impacts of scientific invention in the field of medicine. (5mks)
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- Give three symbols of national unity in Kenya. (3mks)
- Identify six factors which promote national unity in Kenya. (6 mks)
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- State five characteristic of a written constitution. (5mks)
- Identify five features of the New constitution (2010) of Kenya. (5mks
MARKING SCHEME
- Name two archeological sites in Kenya.
- Kobi Fora
- Rusinga Island
- Gamble cave
- Fort Ternan
- Kariadusi
- Hyrax Hill
- Identify one role of the Njuri Ncheke among the Ameru of Kenya in the pre-colonial period.
- Settled disputes among members of the clan.
- Final court of appeal
- Presided over religious functions
- Give two written evidences of contact between the Kenyan coast and the outside world.
- Periplus of Erythrean sea.
- Greco Roman documentary
- Ibin Batuta and Al-Masudi documents
- State two economic effects of Seyyid Said’s rule on East African Coast.(2mks)
- Revival of the Indian ocean trade
- Encouraged establishment of plantation Agriculture.
- Encouraged trade in the interior of East Africa.
- Give the main trade item from the interior during the long- distance trade in Kenya in the 16th century.(1mks)
- slaves
- State two reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade. (2mks)
- Their land was unsuitable for agriculture
- Their land was centrally situated between the coast and the interior making it possible for them to
- High demand for ivory
- Availability of trade goods
- They were skilled trader
- Name one Eastern Cushites. (1mks)
- Borana
- Somali
- Oromo
- Identify two disadvantages of unwritten constitution.(2mks)
- easily manipulated
- Too much power is given to the judiciary that has responsibility of interpreting the constitution.
- Identify one type of democracy. (1mk)
- direct
- indirect
- State the roles of the Tuaregs in the Trans-Saharan trade. (2mks)
- Provided accommodation to the traders
- They guided the traders across the desert
- They provided food and water to the caravans
- State two disadvantages of using coal as a source of energy. (2mk)
- It is bulky/ difficult to transport
- It produces air pollutants e.g. sulphur dioxide
- It is expensive to obtain from the mines
- It is non- renewable source of energy/ exhstauible
- Outline two reasons how the discovery of iron in Africa affected people’s lives in the continent. (2mks)
- Development of agriculture as a result of better tool
- Expansion of empires because communities had better iron weapon
- Population increased as a result of increased food production
- International trade developed as people exchanged iron tools with other items
- Urban centers around iron working centers developed
- Communities migrated as they had better farming and fighting equipment
- State the main factor that led to the growth and development of Johannesburg. (1mk)
- The discovery of gold at Wit waters rand in 1886
- Identify two factors that led to the growth of Athens as an early urban center. (2mks)
- Security
- Commercial activities with other countries
- Religious activities
- Accessibility and communication network
- Availability of water
- Give one reason why the people of Asante Kingdom celebrated the Odwira festival during the pre-colonial period. (1mk)
- Promoted unity
- Omanhene pledged loyalty to the Asantehene
- Mourning the dead
- Settling disputes among themselves
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- State five roles played by the council of elders among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period.(5mks)
- Council of elders settled land and inheritance disputes.
- Settled civil and criminal cases.
- Presided over some religious functions.
- Blessed warriors.
- Organized raids
- Explain the effects of Bantu migration and settlement in Kenya .(10mks)
- Led to increase in population in the regions they settled
- Spread iron working into the regions and other communities like the Luo adopted the art
- Led to trading activities e.g. Agikuyu and Maasai, Abagusii and Luo
- Led to exchange of knowledge i.e. Bantu adopted age set system and practice of circumcision from the Cushites
- Enrichment of languages due to word borrowing
- Led to cultural interaction of Bantu hence assimilated some Southern Cushites and some Bantu were assimilated by Nilotes and Cushites
- Led to displacement of some communities e.g. the Gumba and Athi
- State five roles played by the council of elders among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period.(5mks)
-
- Identify the three types of trade. (3mks)
- Local trade
- Regional trade
- International trade
- Factors that led to decline of Trans-Saharan trade. (6mk)
- The main item of trade got exhausted e.g gold and salt thus discouraged some traders
- collapse of powerful kingdoms.
- invasion of western Sudan by Morocco in 18th century undermined trading activities.
- The rise and growth of Tran- Atlactic Trade
- Abolition of slave trade.
- The desert conditions for example sandstorms and desert insects were too difficult.
- Identify the three types of trade. (3mks)
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- State five factors that contributed to the growth of Nairobi city in Kenya.(5mks)
- Availability of water
- Construction of the Kenya- Uganda railway – it acted as a railway depot
- Was centrally placed- acted as intersection of different transport routes
- Trading activities
- Establishment of administrative post/ military post
- Good climate suitable for farming and settlement
- Cool temperatures which favored the European settlement
- Flat land suitable for railway workshops hence encouraged settlements
- Explain the positive effects of urbanization to Kenya.(10mks)
- Created employment opportunities for many Africans
- Led to formation of tribal/ social welfare associations
- Promoted national integration
- Led to small entrepreneurship e.g. traders to earn a living
- Led to rise of trade unions to promote the welfare of workers
- Led to cultural interaction
- Created market for agricultural products in the surrounding environment
- Industries expanded due to availability of labor
- State five factors that contributed to the growth of Nairobi city in Kenya.(5mks)
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- Advantages of Road Transport (3mks)
- cheapest
- flexible
- faster comparing with rail and water Transport
- cheaper to construct
- Disadvantages of space exploration.(3mks)
- Lack of proper equipment made their work difficult.
- Accident though rare have fatal consequences.
- It is very expensive and a preserve of only rich nations.
- Advantages of Road Transport (3mks)
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- Problems hindering industrializations in Third World countries .(6mks)
- Inadequate capital
- Shortage of skilled Manpower
- Poor Infrastructure
- Stiff competition
- High poverty level
- Political instability
- Impacts of scientific invention in the field of medicine.(6mks)
- Scientific invention led to eradication of killer disease, like small pox.
- It lead to cleaner, safer and less painful surgical operation.
- It has made it possible for one to have a heart, liver and kidney transplant.
- Some of the invention are expensive and beyond the reach of many people.
- Invention in medicine have led to improve standards of living and increase in life-expectancy.
- The invention of X-ray has made it possible to examine the extent of broken bones.
- Problems hindering industrializations in Third World countries .(6mks)
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- Give three symbols of national unity in Kenya. (3mks)
- The flag
- National anthem
- Loyalty pledge
- Coat of arms
- National awards
- Identify six factors which promote national unity in Kenya. (6mks)
- National languages i.e. Kiswahili and English
- Education – pupils are drawn from different ethnic groups to interact freely in public\private schools
- The constitution – protects all Kenyan from any form of discrimination based on race, tribe, colour e.t.c.
- Intermarriages, sports and games
- Equal distribution of resources e.g. hospitals, schools
- National philosophies e.g. Harambee and Nyayoism call unity among different ethnic communities to pull together their resources for development- they emphasize peace, love and unity
- Urbanization
- The institution of the presidency – he represents and protects all Kenya
- Give three symbols of national unity in Kenya. (3mks)
-
- State five characteristic of a written constitution. (5mks)
- It acts as a standard reference by government.
- It is rigid and thus not altered easily.
- Documents are available for reference.
- Amendments are done clearly defined procedure.
- There is a special body which draft constitution with powers from Parliament.
- Identify five features of the new constitution (2010) of Kenya.(5mks)
- Sovereignty of the people and supremacy of the constitution.- all powers belongs to the people and it shall be exercised.
- The Republic- Kenya is a sovereign republic divided into counties.
- Citizenship- citizenship is acquired through birth and registration, Dual citizenship is legalized, Spells out circumstances that can lead to revocation of citizenship.
- The Bill of Rights- comprises 26 rights and freedoms of citizens.
- Land and Environment- land in Kenya belong to Kenyans types of land(public, private and community land)
- Leadership and Integrity- guidelines of state officers examples president deputy president, cabinet secretaries e.t.c
- Legislature
- Executive
- Judiciary
- Devolved government
- Public finance
- State five characteristic of a written constitution. (5mks)
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