History Questions and Answers - Form 2 End of Term 3 Exams 2021

SECTION A (25 marks)

Answer all questions in this section

Name two sources of oral traditions from which historical information could be obtained (2 mark
Give two examples of early manuscripts from which the Bible and the Quran was written (2 marks)
Name the family group that early human beings developed from ( 1 mark)
Name one archaeological site in Ethiopia (2 marks)
Give two reasons how the use of fire in cooking change the early man’s food (2 marks)
State two functions of the Kabaka of Buganda (2 marks)
Give two main reasons why early agriculture developed along the river valleys (2 marks)
State any two roles played by the Tuaregs in the trans Saharan trade ( 2 marks)
Identify the main commodity from Africa in the Trans -Atlantic trade ( 1 mark)
Give two improvements that were made on macadamized roads in the 9th century (2 marks)
List two advantages of using pipeline over vehicles in transporting oil (2 marks)
State one advantage of using wood as asource of energy (1 mark)
Identify two reasons that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre( 2 marks)
What was the main function of the royal fire in MweneMutapa kingdom ( 1 mark)
Give two economic activities acquired by the Maasai as a result of their interaction with the Bantus (2 marks)

SECTION B ( 30 MARKS)
Answer two questions in this section

1. State five factors that facilitated the growth of a strong Asante kingdom ( 5 marks)
2. Describe the political organization of the Buganda kingdom (10 marks)
1. Give three negative impacts of scientific inventions on industry ( 3 marks)
2. Explain six reasons why developing countries have lagged behind in industrialization ( 12 marks)
1. Give five results of the settlement of the Luo in Kenya during the pre-colonial period 5)
2. Describe the social organization of the Luo during the pre-colonial period (10 marks)

SECTION C (15 MARKS)
Answer all questions

1. State five social effects of urbanization on European communities during the 19th century.( 5 marks)
2. Explain five measures taken by the government of Kenya in an effort to solve problems facing Nairobi city
1. State five factors that can cause people who were living together peacefully to develop disagreements. (5 marks)
2. Explain five importance of national integration ( 10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Name two sources of oral traditions from which historical information could be obtained (2 marks)
- Songs,myths,stories,proverbs,riddles,legends,tonguetwisters
  2x1=2marks
Give two examples of early manuscripts from which the Bible and the Quran was written (2 marks)
- Stone tablets
- Scrolls
- Parchments
  2x1=2 marks
Name the family group that early human beings developed from ( 1 mark)
- Hominidae
  1x1=1 mark
Name one archaeological site in Ethiopia (2 marks)
- Hadar
- Omo valley
Give two reasons how the use of fire in cooking change the early man’s food (2 marks)
- Fire neutralized poison in the vegetables
- Fire softened the food
- Fire added flavor to the food
- Fire preserved man’s food to stay longer
  2x1=2 marks
State two functions of the Kabaka of Buganda (2 marks)
- He was the head of government
- He was the commander in chief of the armed forces
- He was the supreme judge
- He appointed or dismissed senior officials in the government
- He was the chief priest
- He controlled trade
  2x1=2 marks
Give two main reasons why early agriculture developed along the river valleys (2 marks)
- Availability o water for irrigation
- Presence of silt/fetile soil
- Availability of high population that provided labour and market
- Existence of ild crops/indigenous crops
- Adequate rainfall
  2x1=2 marks
State any two roles played by the Tuaregs in the trans Saharan trade (2 marks)
- They maintained the oasis
- They guided the traders across the desert
- They acted as interpreters to the traders
- They provided food and water to the caravans
- They provided accommodation to the traders
- They guarded the traders and their goods
  2x1=2 marks
Identify the main commodity from Africa in the Trans-Atlantic trade ( 1 mark)
- Slaves
  1x1= 1 mark
Give two improvements that were made on macadamized roads in the 9th century (2 marks)
- Tar was put on the top surface to make them smooth
- Roads were widened to create highways
- Roads were straightened
- The roads were strengthened by adding more layers of gravel/stones
- They improved drainage on both sides of the road
  2x1=2 marks
List two advantages of using pipeline over vehicles in transporting oil (2 marks)
- The pipeline delivers oil faster than vehicles/no traffic jams
- It is safer to transport oil by pipeline than vehicles
- The pipeline ensures regular supply of oil
- It is easier to maintain the pipeline than vehicles
  2x1=2 marks
State one advantage of using wood as a source of energy (1 mark)
- It is a cheap source of energy
- Wood is readily available
- Wood is a renewable source of energy
  1x1=1 marks
Identify two reasons that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre( 2 marks)
- The rise of Axum kingdom which developed east of Meroe denied it access to the Red sea causing decline in trade
- The king of Axum subdued and destroyed Meroe in 35O A.D
- Desertification due to deforestation led to decline of food supply for her people
- Deforestation caused the decline of iron industry in Meroe
  2x1=2 marks
What was the main function of the royal fire in MweneMutapa kingdom (1 mark)
- Symbol of national unity
Give two economic activities acquired by the Maasai as a result of their interaction with the Bantus (2 marks)
- Farming
- Iron working 2x1=2 marks

SECTION B ( 30 MARKS)
Answer two questions in this section

1. State five factors that facilitated the growth of a strong Asante kingdom ( 5 marks)
  - Adequate food supply from her rich fertile agricultural land
  - Wealth acquired from trans atlantic slave trade enabled the asantehene to equip and support his army and administration
  - Able and strong leadership from the kings such as Osei Tutu and Opuku Ware
  - Disintegration of the Denkyira kingdom enabled the Asante to assert their independence
  - The Odwira festival which was held annually united the states
  - The centralised political system under the Asantehene provided stability
  - The empire was united under the golden stool
  - Millitary strength from alarge standing army
    5x1=5 marks
2. Describe the political organization of the Buganda kingdom (10 marks)
  - Had a centralised system of government
  - The kingdom was headed by Kabaka
  - Kabaka’s position was hereditary
  - Kabaka stayed in the royal palace called Lubiiri
  - The kingdom was divided into smaller divisions called sazas under saza chiefs
  - The sazas were divided into gombololas under gombolola chiefs
  - The gombololas were divided into muluka under muluka chiefs
  - The kabaka appointed senior government officials who helped him in ruling such as katikiro, omwanika, omulamuzietc
    5x2=10 marks
1. Give three negative impacts of scientific inventions on industry ( 3 marks)
  - Environmental pollution through poor disposal of industrial wastes
  - Has threatened world peace through the production of sophisticated weapons
  - Production of machines has left many jobless
    3x1=3 marks
2. Explain six reasons why developing countries have lagged behind in industrialization ( 12 marks)
  - Inadequate funds for exploitation of natural resources/ to invest in the industrial sector
  - Poor education systems which do not provide industrial experts
  - Poor transport systems which have hindered transportation of raw materials and finished products
  - Competition from developed countries that produce high quqlity and cheap goods
  - Low purchasing power from the poor population which has limited local market for manufactured goods
  - Poor economic policies by the government have discouraged forign investors
  - Colonization led to over-exploitation of their natural resources during the colonial period
  - HIV and Aids have reduced the much neeedlabour force in the industries
  - High population growth rate has led to massive expenditure on food importation at the expense of industries
    any 6x2= 12 marks
1. Give five results of the settlement of the Luo in Kenya during the pre-colonial period 5)
  - Displacement of some Bantu speakerse.gAbagusii
  - Some Bantu were absorbed by them e.gAbasubabaluhya
  - They traded with their neighbourse.gAbaluhya,Abagusiietc
  - They increased conflicts in the regions over resources like landCultural exchanges
  - It led to increase in population in areas they settled
  - They intermarried with their neighbourse.gAbagusii
2. Describe the social organization of the luo during the pre-colonial period (10 marks)
  - Family was the basic social unit
  - It was polygamous but yet exogamous
  - Initiation of boys involved removal of teeth
  - Work was shared according to gender
  - The believed in a supreme creator God known as Nyasaye
  - They believed in the existence of ancestral spirits
  - Diviners interpreted God’s message to the people
  - Elders presided over religious ceremonies 5x2=10 marks

SECTION C (15 MARKS)
ANSWER ONE QUESTION IN THIS SECTION

1. State five factors that can cause people who were living together peacefully to develop disagreements. (5 marks)
  - Racism
  - Tribalism
  - Greed
  - Nepotism
  - Corruption
  - Ignorance
  - Religious conflicts
  - Party membership
  - Different political ideologies
  - Poverty
2. Explain five importance of national integration ( 10 marks)
  - Develops national unity
  - Promotes peaceful co-existence of different tribes and races
  - Enables a country to develop a sense of direction
  - Promotes development due to political stability
  - Provides a sense of direction to a nation
  - Promotes a sense of patriotism and nationhood 5X2=10 MARKS
1. State five social effects of urbanization on European communities during the 19th century.( 5 marks)
  - Overcrowding in urban centres due to migration of people to urban centres
  - Poor sewerage and sanitation facilities exposed people to diseases such as cholera and typhoid
  - Development of slums due to shortage of housing
  - Rise of anti-social behaviours such as prostitution, alcoholism etc
  - Strain in social amenities such as schools and hospitals
  - Environmental pollution due to concentration of industries which cause respiratory diseases
  - Concentration of people led to food shortage resulting into malnutrition
    5x1= 5marks
2. Explain five measures taken by the government of Kenya in an effort to solve problems facing Nairobi city
  - New housing projects are being developed
  - Education and other social facilities are being provided through cost sharing scheme between the government and the town dwellers
  - The problem of transport is being addressed by constructing dual carriageways to ease traffic congestion
  - The government is trying to encourage the expansion of informal sector to provide alternative employment .
  - The government is trying to rehabilitate street families by taking them to schools and other rehabilitation centres
  - The water problem is being addressed through new water projects from the nearby rivers
    5X2=10 MARKS