Agriculture Questions and Answers - Form 2 Term 1 Mid Term Exams

AGRICULTURE
FORM 2
MID TERM
TERM 1

INSTRUCTIONS

This paper consists of 3 sections: Section A, B and C.
Answer all the questions

SECTION A (30MKS)

Define the following terms (2mks)
1. Entomology
2. pomology
3. Apiculture
4. olericulture
Outline four aspects of rainfall important in Agriculture (2mks)
State the four physical agents of weathering (2mks)
Give four effects of biotic factors in the soil (2mks)
Distinguish between rip saw and cross-cut saw (1mks)
For each of the following tools give two examples (2mks)
1. file
2. scrappers
3. chisels
4. gauged marking tools
Describe four conditions necessary for land clearing to take place (2mks)
State four reasons why burning as a method of land clearing is discouraged. (2mks)
What is minimum tillage? (1mk)
Distinguish between a weir and a dam (1mk)
Give two types of each of the following pipes (1mks)
1. Hose pipes
2. Metal pipes
Identify two dairy goats (1mk)
Give four benefits derived from a camel (2mks)
Differentiate between macro nutrients and micro-nutrients (1mks)
Highlight the functions of phosphorus in plants (2mks )
Give four fertilizers that can be used during planting in crops (2mks)
List any four methods of harvesting crops (2mks)
Highlight any two diseases that attack cabbages (1mk)
List any two insect-pests that attack tomatoes (1mk)

SECTION B (30MKS)

The diagram below shows a method of soil sampling
1. Name the method illustrated in the diagram above.(1mk)
2. State 3 precautions taken when collecting the soil for testing using the above method.(3mks)
3. Give 4 reasons why soil from the farm is tested.(4mks)
1. The diagram below shows a practice carried out on various crops on the farm. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
  1. Identify the farm practice represented by B.(1mk)
  2. State the importance of the above practice in the following crops
    1. Maize(1mk)
    2. Irish potatoes (1mk)
  3. At what stage of growth should the above practice be carried out in maize. (1mk)
The diagram below shows Kale seedling attached by a pest.
1. Identify the pest.(1mk)
2. What damage does that pest causes to the crop.l(1mk)
3. State two methods of controlling the pest.(2mks)
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
1. identify the structure above (1mks)
2. State the function of the structure in (a) above (1mks)
3. State the importance of activity carried by the structure in (a) above (4mks)
Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow
1. Identify tools (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (4mks)
2. Give the use of each of the tools named in (a) above (4mks)

SECTION C(40MKS)

1. Name and explain the importance of Agriculture in the economy of Kenya (6mks)
2. Give practices carried out in minimum tillage (7mks)
3. Describe the benefits of minimum tillage ( 7mks)
1. Highlight the importance of water treatment (4mks)
2. Describe four characteristics of a fertile soil (6mks)
3. State any four characteristics of nitrogenous fertilizers (6mks)
4. Describe four characteristics of a good storage structure (4mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (30MKS)

Define the following terms (2mks)
1. Entomology - study of insects and their control
2. pomology - growing of fruits
3. Apiculture - keeping or rearing of bees.
4. olericulture - growing of vegetables
Outline four aspects of rainfall important in Agriculture (2mks)
- Form of Rainfall
- distribution of rainfall
- reliability of rainfall
- Amount of rainfall
- Intensity of rainfall
State the four physical agents of weathering (2mks)
- wind
- ice
- water
- temperature
Give four effects of biotic factors in the soil (2mks)
- Decomposition of organic matter
- encourage aerate
- cause nitrogen fixation
- Act as soil borne pests
- cause soil borne diseases
Distinguish between rip saw and cross-cut saw (1mks)
- Rip saw cuts along the grains while cross- cut saw cuts along the grains
- Rip saw has more teeth per unit length
For each of the following tools give two examples (2mks)
1. file-
  wood file (Rasp)
  metal file
2. scrappers -
  hand scrapper
  cabinet scrapper
  spoke shave
3. chisels -
  Wood chisel
  cold chisel
4. gauged marking tools -
  Mortise gauge
  marking gauge
Describe four conditions necessary for land clearing to take place (2mks)
- when opening up virgin land
- Where a stalk growing crop was previously planted
- where the interval between primary and secondary cultivation is long
- where land was left farrow for a long time
State four reasons why burning as a method of land clearing is discouraged. (2mks)
- Destruction of organic matter
- Destruction of soil micro-organisms
- Destruction of plant nutrients
- Fire may spread to unintended areas
What is minimum tillage? (1mk)
- Farm practices aimed at weed control with minimum soil disturbance
Distinguish between a weir and a dam (1mk)
- Weir is a barrier constructed a stream or river to raise the level of water while a dam is a barrier constructed across of dry river bed, stream or river to hold water back and form a reservoir.
Give two types of each of the following pipes (1mks)
1. Hose pipes
  - plastic pipes
  - rubber pipes
2. Metal pipes
  - Galvanized iron pipes
  - Aluminium pipes
Identify two dairy goats (1mk)
- Toggenburg
- saanen
- British alpine
- Anglo- Nubian
- Jamnapari
Give four benefits derived from a camel (2mks)
- Milk supply
- meat supply
- skin /hide
- animal power
- fur
Differentiate between macro nutrients and micro-nutrients (1mks)
- Macro –nutrients are plant elements in large amounts while micro nutrients are elements needed in small amounts
Highlight the functions of phosphorus in plants (2mks )
- root development
- stimulate nodule formation in legumes
- needed in flowering, fruits and seed formation
- hastens ripening of fruits
- involve in metabolic processes
- it is part of nucleoproteins
- strengthens plant stems
Give four fertilizers that can be used during planting in crops (2mks)
- Single upper phosphates (S.S.P)
- Double super phosphates ( D.S.P)
- Tripple super phosphates (T.S.P)
- Diamononium phosphates (D.A.P)
- Mavuno planting
  any other N.P.K fertilizer
List any four methods of harvesting crops (2mks)
- Harvesting with hands( picking)
- Harvesting with hand tools( reaping, digging, )
- Harvesting with machinery(harvesting rigs, mowers, combine,)
Highlight any two diseases that attack cabbages (1mk)
- Alternaria leaf spot (Black spot, Gray spot) Alternaria brassicae.
- Anthracnose Colletotrichum higginsianum.
- Black rot Xanthomonas campestris.
- Clubroot Plasmodiophora brassicae.
- Damping-off (Wirestem, Head rot) Rhizoctonia solani.
- Powdery mildew Erysiphe cruciferarum.
- Sclerotinia stem rot (White mold) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
List any two insect-pests that attack tomatoes (1mk)
- Aphids.
- Budworm.
- Cutworms.
- Looper caterpillars.
- Two-spotted mite or red spider mite.
- Root-knot nematode.
- Thrips.
- Tomato russet mite or tomato mite.

SECTION B (30MKS)

The diagram below shows a method of soil sampling
1. Name the method illustrated in the diagram above.(1mk)
  - diagonal/transverse method
2. State 3 precautions taken when collecting the soil for testing using the above method.(3mks)
  - avoid contamination/use sterilized contained
  - avoid sampling soil from unusual sites e.g ant hills
  - avoid mixing top soil with sub soil
3. Give 4 reasons why soil from the farm is tested.(4mks)
  - To determine the nutrients status of the soil
  - To determine the soil type/ph of fertilizer to add to the soil / lime to add to the soil
  - to determine the type of crop to grow
  - may help in diagnosing using low crop yield / mineral deficiency
1. The diagram below shows a practice carried out on various crops on the farm. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
  1. Identify the farm practice represented by B.(1mk)
    - earthing up
  2. State the importance of the above practice in the following crops
    1. Maize(1mk) - provide support to prevent lodging.
    2. Irish potatoes (1mk) - improves tuber formation
  3. At what stage of growth should the above practice be carried out in maize. (1mk)
    - During second weeding
The diagram below shows Kale seedling attached by a pest.
1. Identify the pest.(1mk)
  - cut worm
2. What damage does that pest causes to the crop.l(1mk)
  - Damage crops by cutting the base of the stem of seedling after transplanting
3. State two methods of controlling the pest.(2mks)
  - Mixing appropriate insecticide powder with soil in each hole during transplanting 1mk
  - Proper weeding
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
1. identify the structure above (1mks)
  - Raised cambered bed
2. State the function of the structure in (a) above (1mks)
  - Create a deeper soil structure for penetration of roots.
3. State the importance of activity carried by the structure in (a) above (4mks)
  - Reduce cost of cultivation
  - control soil erosion
  - maintenance of soil structure
  - conserve moisture
  - prevent root disturbance
  - prevent exposure of humus (1x4=4mks)
Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow
1. Identify tools (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (4mks)
  - pick axe
  - sickle
  - secateurs
  - wool shear
2. Give the use of each of the tools named in (a) above (4mks)
  - pick axe used to break hard soil/ rocks
  - sickle used for harvesting or reaping
  - secateurs used for harvesting via pruning
  - wool shear use to shear sheep

SECTION C(40MKS)

1. Name and explain the importance of Agriculture in the economy of Kenya (6mks)
  - Food supply – Adequate food supply ensures a health population and a weathy nation
  - Source of employment – majority of the population is employed either directly or indirectly by agriculture.
  - Provision of foreign exchange- This is foreign exchange which results from sale of cash crops e.g coffee
  - Source of capital (income) – Farmers sell farm produce and get income.
  - Source of Raw materials for industries: These are farm produce sold to factories for processing
  - Provision of Market for industrial goods – Finished goods are sold to farmers for use
  - Improvement of infrastructure – Roads, markets e.t.c are constructed to ease transport of farm produce (naming ½ mk- explanation 1mk – Any acceptable explanation = 6mks)
2. Give practices carried out in minimum tillage (7mks)
  - Mulching establishment of cover crop
  - crop rotation, basin flooding ,
  - timely cultivation
  - timely planting use of herbicides
  - slashing
  - uprooting weeds
3. Describe the benefits of minimum tillage ( 7mks)
  - Reduce cost of cultivation
  - control soil erosion
  - maintenance of soil structure
  - conserve moisture
  - prevent root disturbance
  - prevent exposure of humus
1. Highlight the importance of water treatment (4mks)
  - Kill diseases causing micro-organisms
  - Remove chemical impurities
  - remove bad smell and bad taste
  - remove sediments of solid particles 1x4 = 4mks
2. Describe four characteristics of a fertile soil (6mks)
  - Good depth
  - proper drainage
  - good water holding capacity
  - adequate nutrient supply
  - correct soil PH
  - Free from excessive infestation of soil borne pests and diseases
3. State any four characteristics of nitrogenous fertilizers (6mks)
  - highly hygroscopic
  - highly soluble in water
  - short residual effect (short lived)
  - easily leached
  - have a scorching (burning ) effect
  - highly corrosive
  - highly volatile 1x4 =4mks
4. Describe four characteristics of a good storage structure (4mks)
  - it should be easy to clean .
  - it should provide protection from animal etc.
  - it should be water proof and moisture proof.
  - Good aeration
  - Easy to fumigate and inspect