Geography Questions and Answers - Form 2 End Term 1 Exams 2023

1. The diagram below represents the earth on its axis
   
   
   1.    
      1. Name the latitudes marked G and H (2marks)
      2. What is the angle of inclination of the earth’s axis to its orbit? (1marks)
      3. According to the diagram, which season is being experienced in the Southern hemisphere? (1mark)
   2. State four effects of the movement of the earth on its own axis (2marks)
2.  
   1. What is a Stevenson’s screen? (2marks)
   2. Give reason for the following characteristics of a Stevenson screen
      1. Double boarded roof material (2marks)
      2. Raised to about 1.2 metres (2marks)
      3. Metallic stands (2marks)
3.  
   1. Define the term mining (2marks)
   2. Give three formations in which minerals occur (3marks)
   3. Explain three contributions of petroleum production in Middle East countries (6marks)
4. Suppose you were to carry out a field study on rocks in the area surrounding your school
   1. State three characteristics that you would look for while identifying different rock types (3marks)
   2. Give three appropriate methods that you would use to collect data. (3marks)
   3. State three follow up activities for the field study (3marks)
5. The world map below shows the location of some fold mountains
   
   
   1.  Identify the fold mountains marked W, X, Y and Z (4marks)
   2. Explain the effects of Fold Mountains on the following
      1. Transport (2marks)
      2. Agriculture (2marks)
      3. Tourism (2marks)
6. 1. Name three example of active volcanoes in Africa (3marks)
   2. Differentiate between seismic focus and epicenter (2marks)
   3. State four human activities that may cause earthquakes (4marks)
7. With the aid of well labeled diagrams, describe how a rift valley is formed due to tension forces (8marks)
8.  
   1. What is a photograph? (2marks)
   2. Name three types of ground photographs (3marks)
   3. State three characteristics of aerial oblique photographs (3marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.  The diagram below represents the earth on its axis
   
   
   1. 1. Name the latitudes marked G and H (2marks)
         • G-tropic of cancer
         • H- Arctic circle
      2. What is the angle of inclination of the earth’s axis to its orbit? (1marks)
         • 66½°
      3. According to the diagram, which season is being experienced in the southern hemisphere?
         • Winter (1mark)
   2. State four effect of the movement of the earth on its own axis (2marks)
      • Occurrence of day and night
      • Deflection of winds and ocean currents
      • Time differenced within longitudes
      • Variations in atmosphere pressure at different latitudes
2. 1.  What is a Stevenson’s screen? (2marks)
      • A Stevenson’s screen is a white wooden box found in a weather station where thermometers are kept
   2. Give reason for the following characteristics of a Stevenson screen
      1. Double boarded roof material (2marks)
         • The air space in between the double board is a poor conductor of heat thus thermometer is kept.
      2. Raised to about 1.2 metres (2marks)
         • To prevent contact with the hot ground and to allow free entry and circulation of air
      3. Metallic stands (2marks)
         • To prevent terminates from destroying the wooden part at the top
3. 1.  Define the term mining (2marks)
      • Mining refers to the process of extracting valuable minerals and fossils fuels on or from the earth’s crust
   2. Give three formations in which minerals occur (3marks)
      • As veins and lodes
      • As beds and seam /layers
      • As alluvial deposits
      • As weathered products
      • As evaporates
   3. Explain the contributions of petroleum production in Middle East countries
      • Middle East countries earn foreign exchange from exports of crude oil and refined petroleum products e.g Saudi Arabia
      • The petroleum industry provides employment opportunities to many people who earn income thus improving their standards of living.
      • Revenues obtained from the sale of petroleum has enabled Middle East countries to develop efficient roads, railways health and education institutions.
      • Development of petro-chemical industries in the countries which also employ many people.
      • Oil wealth has enabled some countries to construct nuclear power stations for electricity supply.
      • Petroleum production has led to the growth of modern sites within the Arabian and Iranian deserts such as Dubai, Riyath Abu Dhabi and Doha.
4. Suppose you were to carry out a field study on rocks in the area surrounding your school
   1. State three characteristics that you would look for while identifying different rock types (3marks)
      • The hardness of the rocks
      • The density of the rocks
      • Texture of the rocks
      • Colour of different rocks
      • Luster of the minerals farming the rock
      • Shape of the rock crystals
   2. Give three appropriate methods that you would look for while identifying different rock types (3marks)
      • Collecting samples
      • Digging
      • Observation
      • Photographing
      • Touching
   3. State three follow up activities for the field study (3marks)
      • Writing a report in essay form
      • Displaying photographs on rocks taken from the field
      • Displaying labeled samples
      • Laboratory testing of the mineral composition of some rocks collected
      • Discussing the findings in groups
      • Giving a lecture to the students who never went.
5. The world map below shows the location of some fold mountains
   
   
   1. Identify the fold mountains marked W, X, Y and Z (4marks)
      • W -Himalays
      • X- Atlas
      • Y - Alps
      • Z - Appalachians
   2. Explain the effects of Fold Mountains on the following
      1. Transport (2marks)
         • Fold mountain scenery acts as a barrier to easy construction of roads, railways and pipelines thus making it difficult to access some regions due to ruggedness.
      2. Agriculture (2marks)
         • Leeward slopes of some fold mountain ranges receive dry winds leading to arid conditions. This discourages crop farming but favours ranching and transhumance
         • Windward slopes of most fold mountains receive high orographic rainfall which supports crop farming
      3. Tourism (2marks)
         • Fold mountain scenery and snow capped slopes are important tourist attractions with some slopes favouring winter sports such as skiing and ice skating, e.g Swiss Alps
6. 1.  Name three example of active volcanoes in Africa (3marks)
      • Nyiragongo
      • Nyamlagira
      • Oldonyo Lengai
      • Teleki
      • Likaiyu
   2. Differentiate between seismic focus and epicenter (2marks)
      • Seismic focus is the point inside the earth’s crust where an earthquake originates whereas epicenter is the point on the earth surface directly above the seismic focus.
   3. State four human activities that may cause earthquakes (4marks)
      • Underground testing of thermo-nuclear bombs
      • Construction of dams which result in large reservoirs
      • Use of very powerful explosions during quarrying and mining
      • Movements of trains especially in subways.
7. With the aid of well labeled diagrams, describe how a rift valley is formed due to tension forces (8marks)
        
   • Layers of rocks are subjected to tension forces
   • This leads to the formation of two adjacent and parallel normal faults.
   • Further tension pulls apart the two side blocks as the centre block gradually sinks to a lower level.
   • Sinking of the centre block exposes the fault plane which forms escarpments on the sides.
   • The sunken centre block forms the floor of the rift valley
8. 1.  What is a photograph? (2marks)
      • A photograph is an image of an object which is recorded by a camera on alight sensitive film, paper or a memory card.
   2. Name three types of ground photographs (3marks)
      • Ground close ups
      • Ground general view
      • Ground oblique
   3. State three characteristics of aerial oblique photographs
      • Covers large areas
      • Objects on the foreground appear larger and decrease in size towards the background
      • The horizon may be covered.