History Questions and Answers - Form 2 End Term 1 Exams 2023

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION

1. Identify the main sources of information on pre history.(1mk)
2. State two uses of stone tools by early man during the old stone age period.(2mks)
3. State two forms of picture writing during the early civilization (2mks)
4. Give three similarities in early agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia (3mks)
5. State two reasons for the migration of the Borana from their cradle land into Kenya (3mks)
6. What was the main importance of age set systems among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period (1mk)
7. State three similarities in the social organization of the agikuyu and the luo during the pre colonial period (3mks)
8. State three ways when citizenship by registration can be withdrawn (3mks)
9. State the ways in which the Kenyan societies obtained their food during the pre-colonial period.(2mks)
10. Give three reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanziba. (3mks)
11. Identify two importance of national intergration in Kenya (2mks)
12. State the main method of trade used during the the Trans Saharan trade (1mk)
13. Identify three trade commodities from North Africa during Trans Saharan trade (3mks)
14. Name the person who invented the telephone (1mk)
15. Identify three earliest sources of energy used during early periods of industrialization in Europe (3mks)
16. Give four uses of the radio as a modern means of communication (4mks)
17. State three characteristics of industrial evolution in Europe (3mks)

Section B-30mks
Answer TWO questions from this section

18.    
    1. Identify five types of telecommunication devices (5mks)
    2. Explain the limitations of using messengers in passing information(10mks)
19.    
    1. Identify the factors that facilitated the spread of iron working in Africa (3mks)
    2. Discuss the impact of iron smelting on the African communities (12mks)
20.  
    1. Identify three factors that contributed to the decline of early city states along the Kenyan Coast (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that contributed to the rise of the Indian Ocean trade in East Africa Coast (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Identify the main sources of information on pre history(1mk)
   • oral tradition
2. State two uses of stone tools by early man during the old stone age period(2mks)
   • For skinning animals after hunting
   • For digging up roots
   • For sharpening bones/wood
   • For cutting meat
   • For killing animals during hunting
   • For protection/defence
3. State two forms of picture writing during the early civilization(2mks)
   •  Cuneform
   •  Huierogylyphics
4. Give three similarities in early agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia(3mks)
   • In both agriculture was practiced along river valleys
   • They both used simple farm impliments made of wood and later metals like hoes
   • They plamted indigenious crops like wheat and barley
   • They both developed writing/arithmetic to keep farm records
   • They both traded in farm produce
   • They both practiced irrigation agriculture
5. State two resaons for the migration of the borana from their cradle land into Kenya(3mks)
   • External attacks from the somali
   • Internal conflicts (clan and family feuds)
   • Drought and famine in their cradle land
   • Search for pasture and water
   • They migrated to satisfy their spirit of adventure
   • They were fleeing outbreak of diseases that affected both people and animals
   • There was population pressure in their area of origin
6. What was the main importance of age set systems among the Kenyan communities during the pre colonial period(1mk)
   • It provided warriers for defence
7. State three similarities in the social organization of the agikuyu and the luo during the pre colonial period(3mks)
   • In both the family was the basic social unit
   • In both marriage to age and gender.
   • In both was compulsory and exogamous /they were polygamous
   • They both practiced initiation of their youth through circumsicion
   • They both practiced division of labour according th they believed in the existance age and gender
   • In both they believed in the existence of ancenstral spirits who were worshipped by pouring libation
   • In both their existence of ancenstral spirits who were worshipped by pouring libation
   • In both their existed religious specialist like rain makers, medicine men
8. State three ways when citizenship by registration can be withdrawn(3mks)
   • If a person acquired the citizenship through fraud
   • If one is disloyal to the state through speech or action
   • If one is sentenced to imprisonment for a term of three years or longer within the first three years or longer within the first five years of the registration
   • If during war against Kenya one trades communicates with the enemy or assist the enemy
   • If one has been convicted of treason or has commited an offence with a penalty of at least seven years imprisonment.
   • If one reveals the countrys secrets to an enemy.
9. State the ways in which the Kenyan societies obtained their food during the pre-colonial period.(2mks)
   • Through growing of crops
   • Through hunting and gathering
   • Through trading with other communities
   • Some communities raided others for food
10. Give three reasons why seyyid said transferred his capital from muscat to Zanzibar(3mks)
    • He had a desire to effectively control the coastal towns from Zanzibar which which was centrally positioned
    • Zanzibar had a pleasant climate compared to Muscat that was hot and dry
    • Zanzibar was easily defensible as an island
    • Presence of deep natural harbours of Zanzibar which provided anchorageof ships
    • Zanzibars royalty to Omar throughout the Mazrui Busaidi struggles.
11. Identify two importance of national intergration in Kenya(2mks)
    • Helps people to devlop the country
    • it promotes peace and harmony
    • Enhances political stability in the country
    • Promotes collective responsibility
    • Help in eliminating suspicion and enhances security
12. State the main method of trade used during the the Trans Saharan trade(1mk)
    • Barter trade
13. Identify three trade commodities from north Africa during trans Saharan trade (3mks)
    • Salt
    • Horses
    • Glass ware
    • Needles
    • Perfumes
    • Spices
    • Fire arms
14. Name the person who invented the telephone(1mk)
    • Alexander Graham Bell
15. Identify three earliest sources of energy used during early periods of industrialization in Europe(3mks)
    • Wind
    • water
    • wood
16. Give four uses of the radio as a modern means of communication (4mks)
    • Radio is easily accesible since most people can afford to buy the device
    • News and information from the radio is quickly received throughout the country
    • Radio has increased communication in transport system such as motor vehicle
    • Radios are used to broadcast educational programmes
    • The radio is a source of entertainment
    • Manufactures and companies use radio broadcasts o advertise new ideas and products
    • Radio has enhanced space exploration as radio signals are used to communicate with space vehicles.
17. State three characteristic of industrial evolution in Europe(3mks)
    • The use of machines to replace human labour
    • Increased exploitation and use of coal,iron and steel
    • The riose of factory system in towns instead of cottage industries in homes
    • The production of goods on large scale
    • Improved living standards and an increase in human population
    • Development of science and technology
    • The development of trade as manufactured goods were sold
    • The rise of modern capitalism that provided enough wealth which was investeed in industry

SECTION B = 30MKS
Answer TWO questions from this section

1.  
   1. Identify three factors that contributed to the decline of early city states along the Kenyan Coast(3mks)
      • The city states lacked unity as they always fought each other for purpose of superiority for example Mombasa and malindi
      • Religious conflicts between the Christian new comers and he Islamic coastal dwellers
      • The arrival of portugeese in 1498 changed their Indian Ocean trade
      • Portugeese conquest of the individual city states made them to decline for example pate, mafia, kilwa.
      • Invasion of the coast by the Oman Arabs who conqured the resistant coastal city states
   2. Explain six factors that contributed to the rise of the Indian ocean trade in east Africa Coast(12mks)
      • precence of items of trade from east Africa coast and foreign countries like gold and ivory
      • there was high demand for the trade of items from the coast by consumers from outside the world
      • local trade existed among the Africans along the East Africa coast that provided a base upon which the trade thrived
      • the accessibility of east African by the sea was of great importance by the use of dhows and ships.
      • The existence of the monsoon winds that facilitated he movement of the vessels
      • Political stability that created conducive environment for business transaction
      • Precence of natural harbours along the coast ensured safe docking of the vessels for offloading
      • Advancement of the ship building industry in Europe facilitated the movement of traders o east Africa.
      • Existence of the Indian banyans (money lenders) who gave credit facilities enabling people to join the trade
2.  
   1. Identify the factors that facilitated the spread of iron working in Africa(3mks)
      • Trade between Africa and Mesopotamia
      • Migration of communities like the Bantus from congo basin
      • Travelers and messengers also spread the art by giving or receiving gifts of iron
      • Iron working was spread through warfare as the Hittites invaded Egypt
      • The development of agriculture greatly influenced the spread iron working as better tools
   2. Discuss the impact of iron smelting on the African communities (12mks)
      • Iron working led to improved agriculture due to effective and efficient iron tools
        
      • Led to increased human population
      • Iron working led to specialization division of labour among people
      • Iron smelting intensified warfare due to weapons like sears and arrows made from iron
      • It facilitated the migration of communities like Bantus as iron weapons facilitated clearing of land
      • Trade developed between communities as demand for iron ore and tools rose
      • Iron working led to the rise of urban centers leke meroe
      • The widespread use of iron led to the decline of the use of other metals like coppr and bronze.
3.  
   1. Identify five types of telecommunication devices(5mks)
      • Telephone
      • Radio
      • Television
      • Telex
      • Fascmile
      • Mobile phone(cellular phones)
   2. Explain the limitations of using messengers in passing information(10mks)
      • Messages could not reach the recipient on time since they walked on foot
      • Messengers at times forgot the message they were required to deliver
      • Information could be distorted in the process hence delivering wrong message
      • Messengers could be attacked and killed on the way by wild animals
      • The distance covered by messengers was limited since they walked on foot.
      • There was the possibility of missing the recipient of te information.