SECTION A (25 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
- State the scientific theory that explains the origin of human beings. (1 mark)
- Give three uses of stone tools by early people during the Stone Age period. (3 marks)
- Give two metals that were used as currency in pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
- Outline two advantage of using pipeline over vehicles in transporting oil. (2 marks)
- Give three developments that have taken place in road transport systern since 1750. (3 marks)
- State two symbols of national unity apart from the national flag. (2 marks)
- Outline two advantages of using coal as early source of energy. (2 marks)
- Identify one age of metals in Africa. (1 mark)
- Give two main items of the Trans Saharan trade. (2 marks)
- Name the original homeland of Kenyan River Lake Nilots. (1 mark)
- Identify two ways through which early agriculture spread in Africa. (2 mark)
- Give two results of the invention of wheel in Mesopotamia. (2 marks)
- State two ways in which a cell phone is used in communication. (2 marks)
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
SECTION B
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- Outline five factors that led to development of Tran's Saharan trade. (5 marks)
- Explain five challenges faced by Trans Saharan traders. (10 marks)
-
- State five results of settlements of Somali/ Cushites during the pre colonial period. (5 marks)
- Describe the social political organization of Agikuyu during the 19th century. (10 marks)
-
- Give three reasons why the Portuguese were able to conquer the east African coast by 18th century. (3 marks)
- Explain the effects of Portuguese rule on the east African coast. (12 marks)
-
- Identify five factors/ adaptations that make a camel to be referred to as the ship of the desert. (5 marks)
- Explain five impacts of telecommunication to the modern society. (10 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
- State the scientific theory that explains the origin of human beings. (1mark)
- The evolution theory by Charles Darwin
- Give three uses of stone tools by early people during the Stone Age period. (3 marks)
- for skinning animals after hunting
- for digging up-roots
- for sharpening other tools
- for cutting meat
- for killing animals during hunting
- for defense
- Give two metals that were used as currency in pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
- iron
- gold
- copper
- silver
- bronze
- Outline two advantage of using pipeline over vehicles in transporting oil. (2 marks)
- pipeline delivers oil faster than vehicles
- it is safer to transport oil by pipeline than vehicles
- the pipeline ensures continuous supply of oil to required areas
- its easier to maintain pipeline than vehicles
- Give three developments that have taken place in road transport system since 1750. (3 marks)
- invention of the motor cycle and bicycle
- invention of the motor vehicle
- development of the wider and straightened motor ways with flyovers and under paths
- better sources of energy from steam to petrol
- State two symbols of national unity apart from the national flag. (2 marks)
- court of arms
- national anthem
- Outline two advantages of using coal as early source of energy.(2 marks)
- its bulky and therefore difficult to transport
- it produces a lot of smoke
- coal was very expensive to mine
- coal mining is risky business because of the collapse of mine
- Identify one age of metals in Africa. (1 mark)
- bronze age
- iron age
- Give two main items of the Trans Saharan trade.(2 marks)
- gold
- salt
- Narne the original homeland of Kenyan River Lake Nilots. (1 mark)
- Bahr el Ghazel in south Sudan
- Identify two ways through which early agriculture spread in Africa. (2 mark)
- through migration
- through intermarriage
- through war
- through trade
- Give two results of the Invention of wheel In Mesopotamia.(2 marks)
- used to make pots
- it improved agriculture through shadoof irrigation
- they improved transport system i.e. used in making war chariots
- State two ways in which a cell phone is used in communication.(2 marks)
- sending pictures
- sending video clips
- sending short text messages(sms)
- verbal communication
- access internet
SECTION B
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
-
- Outline five factors that led to development of Tran's Saharan trade. (5 marks)
- availability of trade goods for example slaves and ivory
- high demand for goods from both west and north Africa
- presence of Berber who provided capital for the merchants
- existence of local trade which laid the foundation for the trans Saharan trade
- existent of well established trade routes
- existence of powerful kingdoms which supported trade
- presence of Tuaregs who served as guides
- Explain five challenges faced by Trans Saharan traders. (10 marks)
- the journey was long and tiresome
- trade caravans were attacked by hostile desert communities
- lack of enough food and water across the desert
- many traders lost their way and died out of dehydration in the desert
- intercommunity war disrupted their journey
- sandstorms coursed by Hamattan winds buried many traders and their camels alive
- strong rivalry among traders over the control of the trade
- traders were frequently attacked by desert animals like snakes and scorpions
- communication barrier due to lack of a common language
- Outline five factors that led to development of Tran's Saharan trade. (5 marks)
-
- State five results of settlements of Somali/ Cushites during the pre colonial period. (5 marks)
- it resulted to intermarriages between Cushites and other communities
- Cultural exchange between Cushites and other communities i.e. Bantus adapted circumcision age set system and taboo against eating fish
- it intensified trade between cushites and neighboring communities
- led to increased population in the region where they settled
- cushites displaced other communities i.e. Oromo displaced Bantus it Increased intercommunity conflicts
- Describe the social political organization of Agikuyu during the 19th century. (10 marks)
- Agikuyu had a decentralized form of government
- the father was the head of the family
- many families(several related families formed a clan
- Agikuyu had a council of elders known as Kiama
- senior elder was known as Muramati
- a higher council of elders was known as Kiama kia Athamaki
- the council of elders performed various tasks such as: blessing warriors and officiating communities functions
- they had age sets who defended communities from external attacks
- State five results of settlements of Somali/ Cushites during the pre colonial period. (5 marks)
-
- Give three reasons why the Portuguese were able to conquer the east African coast by 18th century. (3 marks)
- Portuguese had superior weapons e.g. the hand guns and pistols compared to Africans
- they organized surprise attacks and fought with determination
- they received reinforcement from their headquarters i
- they had better navy power
- disunity of coastal towns
- Explain the effects of Portuguese rule on the east African coast. (12 marks)
- Portuguese built the fort Jesus and Vasco da Gama pillar which serves as an important landmark on East African Landscape
- they introduced new crops e.g. maize cassava and sweet potato to east Africa
- they contributed to development of Kiswahili language through words e.g. mvinyo and meza
- they greatly contributed in spreading Christianity in east African region
- they introduced the use of animal waste as fertilizer to the coastal communities
- they lewd to decline of trade due to heavy taxation and rampant corruption
- Portuguese rule resuited to destruction of towns such as Gedi and Manda
- Africans were subjected to heavy taxation by the Portuguese
- constant rebellion between Portuguese and Africans as Africans resisted Portuguese rule
- Give three reasons why the Portuguese were able to conquer the east African coast by 18th century. (3 marks)
-
- Identify five factors/ adaptations that make a camel to be referred to as the ship of the desert. (5 marks)
- camels can travel for a long distance without food and water
- they have broad padded/two toed feet to walk on sandy and rocky environment
- camels don't sweat
- they can eat variety of vegetation
- they have thick fur to shield them from high temperature in the desert
- Explain five impacts of telecommunication to the modern society. (10 marks)
- telecommunication services such as radio, television, cinema and computers provide mass entertainment
- it has promoted water and air transport as it is used to guide captains and pilots
- it has promoted trade as business can quickly place orders for goods
- it has provided employment opportunities to many people
- it has enhanced space exploration through satellite communication
- it has helped to provide faster and easier ways of sending and receiving information
- it has promoted cultural exchange and understanding since television stations and movie theatres show programs from other countries
- the use of radios and radio calls to combat crime has improved security in many countries
- Identify five factors/ adaptations that make a camel to be referred to as the ship of the desert. (5 marks)
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