History Questions and Answers - Form 2 Term 2 Opener Exams 2023

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SECTION A (25 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

  1. State the scientific theory that explains the origin of human beings. (1 mark)
  2. Give three uses of stone tools by early people during the Stone Age period. (3 marks)
  3. Give two metals that were used as currency in pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
  4. Outline two advantage of using pipeline over vehicles in transporting oil. (2 marks)
  5. Give three developments that have taken place in road transport systern since 1750. (3 marks)
  6. State two symbols of national unity apart from the national flag. (2 marks)
  7. Outline two advantages of using coal as early source of energy. (2 marks)
  8. Identify one age of metals in Africa. (1 mark)
  9. Give two main items of the Trans Saharan trade. (2 marks)
  10. Name the original homeland of Kenyan River Lake Nilots. (1 mark)
  11. Identify two ways through which early agriculture spread in Africa. (2 mark)
  12. Give two results of the invention of wheel in Mesopotamia. (2 marks)
  13. State two ways in which a cell phone is used in communication. (2 marks)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

SECTION B

  1.  
    1. Outline five factors that led to development of Tran's Saharan trade. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five challenges faced by Trans Saharan traders. (10 marks)
  2.  
    1. State five results of settlements of Somali/ Cushites during the pre colonial period. (5 marks)
    2. Describe the social political organization of Agikuyu during the 19th century. (10 marks)
  3.  
    1. Give three reasons why the Portuguese were able to conquer the east African coast by 18th century. (3 marks)
    2. Explain the effects of Portuguese rule on the east African coast. (12 marks)
  4.  
    1. Identify five factors/ adaptations that make a camel to be referred to as the ship of the desert. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five impacts of telecommunication to the modern society. (10 marks)


MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

  1. State the scientific theory that explains the origin of human beings. (1mark)
    • The evolution theory by Charles Darwin
  2. Give three uses of stone tools by early people during the Stone Age period. (3 marks)
    • for skinning animals after hunting
    • for digging up-roots
    • for sharpening other tools
    •  for cutting meat
    •  for killing animals during hunting
    • for defense
  3. Give two metals that were used as currency in pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
    • iron
    • gold
    • copper
    • silver
    • bronze
  4. Outline two advantage of using pipeline over vehicles in transporting oil. (2 marks)
    • pipeline delivers oil faster than vehicles
    •  it is safer to transport oil by pipeline than vehicles
    • the pipeline ensures continuous supply of oil to required areas
    • its easier to maintain pipeline than vehicles
  5. Give three developments that have taken place in road transport system since 1750. (3 marks)
    • invention of the motor cycle and bicycle
    • invention of the motor vehicle
    • development of the wider and straightened motor ways with flyovers and under paths
    • better sources of energy from steam to petrol
  6. State two symbols of national unity apart from the national flag. (2 marks)
    • court of arms
    • national anthem
  7. Outline two advantages of using coal as early source of energy.(2 marks)
    • its bulky and therefore difficult to transport
    • it produces a lot of smoke
    • coal was very expensive to mine
    • coal mining is risky business because of the collapse of mine
  8. Identify one age of metals in Africa. (1 mark)
    • bronze age
    • iron age
  9. Give two main items of the Trans Saharan trade.(2 marks)
    • gold
    • salt
  10. Narne the original homeland of Kenyan River Lake Nilots. (1 mark)
    • Bahr el Ghazel in south Sudan
  11. Identify two ways through which early agriculture spread in Africa. (2 mark)
    • through migration
    • through intermarriage
    • through war
    • through trade
  12. Give two results of the Invention of wheel In Mesopotamia.(2 marks)
    • used to make pots
    • it improved agriculture through shadoof irrigation
    • they improved transport system i.e. used in making war chariots
  13. State two ways in which a cell phone is used in communication.(2 marks)
    • sending pictures
    • sending video clips
    • sending short text messages(sms)
    • verbal communication
    • access internet

SECTION B

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

  1.  
    1. Outline five factors that led to development of Tran's Saharan trade. (5 marks)
      • availability of trade goods for example slaves and ivory
      • high demand for goods from both west and north Africa
      • presence of Berber who provided capital for the merchants
      • existence of local trade which laid the foundation for the trans Saharan trade
      • existent of well established trade routes
      • existence of powerful kingdoms which supported trade
      • presence of Tuaregs who served as guides
    2. Explain five challenges faced by Trans Saharan traders. (10 marks)
      • the journey was long and tiresome
      • trade caravans were attacked by hostile desert communities
      • lack of enough food and water across the desert
      • many traders lost their way and died out of dehydration in the desert
      • intercommunity war disrupted their journey
      • sandstorms coursed by Hamattan winds buried many traders and their camels alive
      • strong rivalry among traders over the control of the trade
      •  traders were frequently attacked by desert animals like snakes and scorpions
      • communication barrier due to lack of a common language
  2.  
    1. State five results of settlements of Somali/ Cushites during the pre colonial period. (5 marks)
      • it resulted to intermarriages between Cushites and other communities
      • Cultural exchange between Cushites and other communities i.e. Bantus adapted circumcision age set system and taboo against eating fish
      • it intensified trade between cushites and neighboring communities
      • led to increased population in the region where they settled
      • cushites displaced other communities i.e. Oromo displaced Bantus it Increased intercommunity conflicts
    2. Describe the social political organization of Agikuyu during the 19th century. (10 marks)
      • Agikuyu had a decentralized form of government
      • the father was the head of the family
      • many families(several related families formed a clan
      • Agikuyu had a council of elders known as Kiama
      • senior elder was known as Muramati
      • a higher council of elders was known as Kiama kia Athamaki
      • the council of elders performed various tasks such as: blessing warriors and officiating communities functions
      • they had age sets who defended communities from external attacks
  3.  
    1. Give three reasons why the Portuguese were able to conquer the east African coast by 18th century. (3 marks)
      • Portuguese had superior weapons e.g. the hand guns and pistols compared to Africans 
      • they organized surprise attacks and fought with determination
      • they received reinforcement from their headquarters i
      • they had better navy power
      • disunity of coastal towns
    2. Explain the effects of Portuguese rule on the east African coast. (12 marks)
      • Portuguese built the fort Jesus and Vasco da Gama pillar which serves as an important landmark on East African Landscape
      • they introduced new crops e.g. maize cassava and sweet potato to east Africa
      • they contributed to development of Kiswahili language through words e.g. mvinyo and meza
      • they greatly contributed in spreading Christianity in east African region
      • they introduced the use of animal waste as fertilizer to the coastal communities
      • they lewd to decline of trade due to heavy taxation and rampant corruption
      • Portuguese rule resuited to destruction of towns such as Gedi and Manda
      • Africans were subjected to heavy taxation by the Portuguese
      • constant rebellion between Portuguese and Africans as Africans resisted Portuguese rule
  4.  
    1. Identify five factors/ adaptations that make a camel to be referred to as the ship of the desert. (5 marks)
      • camels can travel for a long distance without food and water
      • they have broad padded/two toed feet to walk on sandy and rocky environment
      • camels don't sweat
      • they can eat variety of vegetation
      • they have thick fur to shield them from high temperature in the desert
    2. Explain five impacts of telecommunication to the modern society. (10 marks)
      • telecommunication services such as radio, television, cinema and computers provide mass entertainment
      • it has promoted water and air transport as it is used to guide captains and pilots
      • it has promoted trade as business can quickly place orders for goods
      • it has provided employment opportunities to many people
      • it has enhanced space exploration through satellite communication
      • it has helped to provide faster and easier ways of sending and receiving information
      • it has promoted cultural exchange and understanding since television stations and movie theatres show programs from other countries
      • the use of radios and radio calls to combat crime has improved security in many countries
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