Agriculture Paper 1 Form 3 Questions and Answers - End Term 2 Exams 2021

Agriculture Paper 1 Form 3 End Term 1 Exams 2021 with Marking Schemes

INSTRUCTIONS

This paper contains three sections A, B and C.
Answer all questions in Section A and B and any two from section C.
All answers must be written in the spaces provided after the questions

SECTION A (30 MKS)

Name any two physical characteristics used to classify soil. (2mks)
Name four types of livestock farming. (2mks)
State four human factors that affect agriculture. (2mks)
What is the importance of seed dressing in crop production. (1mk)
State two conditions that may lead to sub-division of land. (2mks)
Farmer growing maize on 10 hectares is to dress it with sulphate of ammonia (20% N) at the rate of 120kg of S.A for hectare. AT the local market, S.A is available in 50Kg bag selling at 1500/- per bag. Calculate the amount of S.A the farmer needs to top dress his crop of maize. (3mks)
Define the following terms. (1¹/₂mks)
1. Nursery bed
2. Seedling bed
3. Seedbed
State two examples of nitrogenous fertilizers. (2mks)
State three disadvantages of broadcasting seeds. (1¹/₂mks)
State four deficiency symptoms of nitrogenous fertilizers. (2mks)
Give four conditions of the land which may make it necessary to carry out reclamation practices. (2mks)
State two mechanical methods of separating soil particles according to size during soil analysis. (2mks)
Give four pieces of information contained in a land title deed. (2mks)
State four effects of post election violence in 2008 to agriculture production. (2mks)
State two reasons why shifting cultivation has become unpopular in Kenya. (1mk)

SECTION B

The diagram labeled E and F illustrate some soil structure. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the soil structure E and F. (1mk)
2. List down two field practices which can destroys the structures shown above. (2mks)
3. Give two characteristic of a fertile soil. (2mks)
The diagram below illustrate a compose heap. Study it carefully.
1. Name the parts labeled K – N (2mks)
  K............................
  L............................
  M............................
  N............................
2. State one use of each of the parts labeled K, M, N and O (2mks)
  K............................
  M............................
  N............................
  O............................
3. List four reasons why compost manure is not popularly used in the farm. (2mks)
Study the diagrams below.
1. Name the process used to test Irish potatoes in readiness for planting. (1mk)
2. Which of the two is suitable for planting? (1mk)
3. Give a reason for your answer in (b) above. (1mk)
4. Give two reasons why maize need to be earthed. (2mks)

1. State the two types of the multiple stem pruning system in coffee. (2mks)
2. Name any two carrot varieties planted by farmers. (2mks)

SECTION C (40MKS)

1. Discuss the factors that should be put into consideration while choosing suitable implements for primary cultivation. (8mks)
2. Describe reasons for drainage as a method of land reclamation in crop production. (10mks)
3. State two factors that influence mass wasting (2mks)
1. Discuss ways in which nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere. (8mks)
2. Discuss factors to consider in choosing seed rates (10mks)
3. State two main methods of planting (2mks)
1. Mention the procedure involved in harvesting fish. (5mks)
2. Discuss four types of soil erosion by water. (8mks)
3. Mention various biological measures employed in soil and water conservation. (7mks)

Marking Scheme

SECTION A (30MKS)

Name any two physical characteristics used to classify soil. (2mks)
- Colour
- Texture
- Structure
Name four types of livestock farming. (2mks)
- Pastoralism
- Fish farming
- Bee keeping
- Poutry keeping
State four human factors that affect agriculture. (2mks)
- Level of education and technology
- Human health
- Economy
- Government policy
- Transport and communication
- Cultural practices and religious beliefs
- Market forces.
What is the importance of seed dressing in crop production. (1mk)
- Prevents attack by pests/diseases
State two conditions that may lead to sub-division of land. (2mks)
- Purchase/sale of land
- Land sharing
- Government allocation
- Inheritance of land
Farmer growing maize on 10 hectares is to dress it with sulphate of ammonia (20% N) at the rate. of 120kg of S.A for hectare. AT the local market, S.A is available in 50Kg bag selling at 1500/- per bag. Calculate the amount of S.A the farmer needs to top dress his crop of maize. (3mks)
1. 1 hac = 120 kg S.A
  10 hac = ?
  120 × 10
  = 1200kg
2. 100 kg S.A = 20kg N
  1200kg = ?
  1200 × 20
  100
  = 240kg N
3. 1 bag = 50kg
  = 1200kg
  1200 × 1
  50
  = 24 bags
  1 bag = 1500/-
  24 bags = ?
  24 × 1500
  1
  =36000/=
Define the following terms. (11/2mks)
1. Nursery bed
  - A special seedbed prepared for raising seedlings before transplanting.
2. Seedling bed
  - A nursery used to raise seedlings after removal from nursery due to overcrowding (after picking out)
3. Seedbed
  - A piece of land prepared to receive planting materials.
State two examples of nitrogenous fertilizers. (2mks)
- Sulphate of ammonia
- Ammonium sulphate Nitrate
- Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
- Urea (rej symbols)
State three disadvantages of broadcasting seeds. (11/2mks)
- Uses more seeds
- Seed not spread evenl
- Overcrowding of plants
- Low yields due to competition
State four deficiency symptoms of nitrogenous fertilizers. (2mks)
- Chlories
- Stunted growth
- Production of purple colour (anthocyanin)
- Premature fall of leaves
Give four conditions of the land which may make it necessary to carry out reclamation practices. (2mks)
- Swampy/water logged area
- Stony ground
- Steep areas
- Aridity/dryness
- Eroded/bare land
- Tsetse fly infected areas
- Bushy land
State two mechanical methods of separating soil particles according to size during soil analysis. (2mks)
- Sedimentation
- Sieve method
Give four pieces of information contained in a land title deed. (2mks)
- Parcel number
- Size of land
- Name/identify of owner
- Date of registration
- Seal
- Conditions if any
State four effects of post-election violence in 2008 to agriculture production. (2mks)
- Withdrawal of labour
- Insecurity
- Lack of capital to purchase input
- Lack of motivation
- Death of labourers
- Escalation of inputs
- Lack of market
State two reasons why shifting cultivation has become unpopular in Kenya. (1mk)
- High population pressure
- Change in land ownership

SECTION B

The diagram labeled E and F illustrate some soil structure. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the soil structure E and F. (1mk)
  - E - prismatic
  - F - columnar
2. List down two field practices which can destroys the structures shown above. (2mks)
  - Filed burning
  - Flooding
  - Field rolling
  - Over cultivation
3. Give two characteristic of a fertile soil. (2mks)
  - Deep
  - Good water holding capacity
  - Good pH
  - Good drainage/aeration
  - Enough materials
  - Free from pests and diseases
The diagram below illustrate a compose heap. Study it carefully.
1. Name the parts labeled K – N (2mks)
  K - maize stalks
  L - green leaves
  M - well decomposed manure
  N- Soil
2. State one use of each of the parts labeled K, M, N and O (2mks)
  K – forms foundation of heap
  M – Supply nutrients
  N- Introduces micro-organism
  O- Detect temp of heap
3. List four reasons why compost manure is not popularly used in the farm. (2mks)
  - Lack of technical knowledge
  - Scarcity of materials
  - Labourious
  - Bulky to transport
  - Takes time to prepare
Study the diagrams below.
1. Name the process used to test Irish potatoes in readiness for planting. (1mk)
  - Chitting/sprouting
2. Which of the two is suitable for planting? (1mk)
  - B
3. Give a reason for your answer in (b) above. (1mk)
  - Has produced short healthy sprouts
4. Give two reasons why maize need to be earthed. (2mks)
  - Provide support to prevent lodging
  - Improves drainage
1. State the two types of the multiple stem pruning system in coffee. (2mks)
  - Capped multiple stem
  - Non-capped multiple stem
2. Name any two carrot varieties planted by farmers. (2mks)
  - Chartenary
  - Nantes
  - Oxhast

SECTION C (40MKS)

1. Discuss the factors that should be put into consideration while choosing suitable implements for primary cultivation. (8mks)
  - The condition of the land. land with stones and stumps require a disc plough. a land with couch grass
  - type of tilth required: fine tilth require different types of implements
  - Depth of cultivation heavy implement is necessary when deep cultivation is needed. light implements are needed in shallow cultivation.
  - Capital availability: with enough money, a suitable implement can be bought
  - Source of the power on the form includes animals, tractor hand
2. Describe reasons for drainage as a method of land reclamation in crop production. (10mks)
  - to increase soil aeration
  - To increase soil volume
  - To raise soil temperature relevant explanation to be given 2x5
  - To increase micro-bial activities
  - To reduce soil erosion
  - To remove toxic substances
3. State two factors that influence mass wasting (2mks)
  - slope of the land
  - Nature of materials
  - Climate
  - Vegetation cover
  - Human activities
  - Forces within earth’s crust
1. Discuss ways in which nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere. (8mks)
  - nitrogen fixation by lightening: lighting helps to combine nitrogen with oxygen to form nitric oxide. Further reaction’s occur to form nitrates
  - Fixation by nitrogen fixing bacteria. Involves symbiotic and non-symbiotic fixation where bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrates.
  - Nitrification: involves conversion of ammonium compounds are converted into nitrites and nitrates
2. Discuss factors to consider in choosing seed rates (10mks)
  - Seed purity: pure seeds have a high germination percentage hence less required
  - Germination percentage. Less seed is used when germination percentage is higher
  - Spacing: closer spacing require more seeds than wider spacing
  - Number of seeds per whole: more seeds per hole increase the seed rate
  - Purpose of the crop. Crop for silage making is spaced closely than that meant for grain production. (2 x5)
3. State two main methods of planting (2mks)
  - row planting
  - Broad casting
1. Mention the procedure involved in harvesting fish. (5mks)
  - inflow of water from the river is stopped by closing the channel
  - Normal cropping is done to remove all large fish
  - The outlet is then opened to allow water to flow out
  - A scoop net is used to catch the fingerlings which are kept in a holding pond.
  - Water is completely drained for the pond to dry
2. Discuss four types of soil erosion by water. (8mks)
  - splash/raindrop erosion. Involves soil splash from the impact of water drops directly on soil particles. The kinetic energy in the rain drop detaches and transfer soil particles.
  - Sheet erosion: involves uniform removal of soil in the layer from flat or gently sloping land.
  - Rill erosion. Removal of soil from small but well defined channels (Streamlets). It’s common on slope with little vegetation
  - Gulley erosion: An advanced stage of rill erosion. Channels get progressively deeper and wider until they become gullies. (2 x 4)
3. Mention various biological measures employed in soil and water conservation. (7mks)
  - grass/filter strips
  - cover cropping
  - contour farming
  - mulching
  - cross systems
  - slip cropping
  - grassed/vegetated waterways
  - afforestation/reforestation
  - agroforestry