History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 3 Opener Exams 2021

INSTRUCTIONS

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C
• Answer ALL questions in section A , THREE questions in section B and TWO in section C
• All answers should be written in English

SECTION A:Answer all questions. (25 MARKS)

1. Give two methods used by archaeologists to determine the age of fossils. (2mks)
2. Give one reason why early people moved from forests to settle in grasslands. (1mk)
3. Give the main reason why early agriculture developed in Egypt. (1mk)
4. Name two main methods of trade. (2mks)
5. Identify one invention that revolutionized food preservation during the 19th century. (1mk)
6. Who are credited with the first use of iron? (1mk
7. Give two reasons that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre. (2mks)
8. State two uses of electricity as a source of energy (2marks)
9. State two advantages of steel over iron. (2marks)
10. State the role of ‘golden stool’ in the Asante Kingdom during the 19th century. (1mk)
11. Name the African countries that were not colonized. (2mks)
12. Identify the name of the leaderof the Maji-Maji rebellion(1905-1907). (1marks)
13. Identify Europeans interested in Matabeleland during the reign of Lobengula. (2marks)
14. Who was the first Senegalese deputy to the French chamber of deputies? (1mk)
15. State two objectives of African National Congress in South Africa. (2mks)
16. Outline how the independence of India and Pakistan contribute to nationalism in Africa.(1marks)
17. State the main reason for the rise of African nationalism in South Africa (1marks)

SECTION B:Answer any three questions (45 MARKS)

18.  
    1. (a) State three ways in which the development of early agriculture contributed to the establishment of government. (3mks)
    2. Explain six effects of the Agrarian revolution in Britain. (12mks)
19.  
    1. State five factors that led to the development of trade. (5mks (a)
    2. Explain five challenges faced by the Trans-Saharan traders. (10mks)
20.  
    1. Identify three ways in which water was used as an early source of energy. (3mks)
    2. Explain six social effects of the industrial revolution in Europe during the 18th century. (12 marks)
21.  
    1. Outline five agreements between Lewanika and Corydon in 1900. (5marks)
    2. State five reasons why Lewanika of the lozi kingdom collaborated with the Europeans. (10 marks).

SECTION C Answer any two questions (30marks)

22.  
    1. State five economic activities of the Bagandaduring the pre-colonial period. (5marks)
    2. Explain the political organization of the Asante during the pre-colonial period.(10 marks)
23.  
    1. Give three duties of the African chiefs in Southern Rhodesia during the colonial period (3mks)-
    2. Explain six effects of Direct rule in Zimbabwe during the colonial era. (12mks)
24.  
    1. State five reasons for slow decolonization in Mozambique.(5mks).(5mks)
    2. Explainfive problems faced by the nationalists of Mozambique under Portuguese colonialism. (10marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)

1. Give two methods used by archaeologists to determine the age of fossils. (2mks)
   • Carbon 14/Radio-carbon dating.
   • Potassium-Argon dating.
   • Stratigraphy.
   • Geological.
   • Fision-track.
   • Statistical. 2 x 1 = 2mks
2. Give one reason why early people moved from forests to settle in grasslands. (1mk)
   • These were more wild animals in grasslands/availability of food.
   • The climate in the grassland was warmer.
   • The grassland provided much needed water. And other relevant points 1 x 1 = 1mk
3. Give the main reason why early agriculture developed in Egypt. (1mk)
   • Availability of water from river Nile. 1 x 1 = 1mk
4. Name two main methods of trade. (2mks)
   • Barter system.
   • Currency trade. 2 x 1 = 2mks
5. Identify one invention that revolutionized food preservation during the 19th century. (1mk)
   • Canning process.
   • Pasteurization process.
   • Refrigeration process. 1 x 1 = 1mk
6. Who are credited with the first use of iron? (1mk)
   • Hittites of present day Turkey. 1 x 1 = 1mk
7. Give two reasons that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre. (2mks)
   • The rise of Axum kingdom which developed east of Meroe denied Meroe access to the Red Sea causing decline in trade.
   • The King of Axum subdued and destroyed Meroe in 350 A.D.
   • Desertification due to deforestation led to the decline of food supply for her people.
   • Deforestation caused the decline of iron industry in Merowe 2 x 1 = 2mks
8. Two uses of electricity 
   • for lighting.
   • Used in heating and cooking
   • Powering machines in industries
   • used in telecommunication system
   • Running of electric trains 2x1=2
9. The advantages of steel over iron
   • Steel did not rust like iron
   • Strong compared to iron
   • Steel is not heavy like iron
   • Steel could bend without breaking (2marks)
10. State the role of ‘golden stool’ in the Asante Kingdom during the 19th century. (1mk)
    • It was a symbol of unity within the Asante empire. 1 x 1 = 1mk
11. Name the African countries that were not colonized. (2mks)
    • Liberia.
    • Ethiopia. 2 x 1 = 2mks
12. Name the leader of the MajiMajI
    • KinjekitileNgwale 1x1=1
13. Identify Europeans that were interested in Matabeleland during the reign of Lobengula.
    • Germans,
    • Portuguese,
    • British
    • Boers 2x1=2
14. Who was the first Senegalese deputy to the French chamber of deputies? (1mk)
    • BlaiseDiagne. 1 x 1 = 1mk
15. State two objectives of African national congress. 
    • To unite all black people to win majority rule in South Africa/fight for independence.
    • To encourage united anti-racial activities/oppose apartheid/racial discrimination.
    • To remove all forms of injustices/economic exploitation.
    • To win a vote/Franchise for all the people of South Africa. 2 x 1 = 2mks
16. Outline how the independence of India and Pakistan contribute to nationalism in Africa
    • The granting of independence inspired African nationalists to fight for their independence 1x1
17. State the main reason for the rise of African nationalism in South Africa
    • The apartheid system /racial discrimination 1x1

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)

18.  
    1. State three ways in which the development of agriculture contributed to the establishment of government. (3mks)
       • Agriculture led to increase in population and this necessitated need for law and order.
       • From agriculture, wealth increased and there was need for government to protect the wealth.
       • With agriculture, a class of wealthy people emerged who provided leadership in the society.
       • Agriculture led to man settling down and living a sedentary life, there was need for law and order.             3 x 1 = 3mks
    2. Explain six effects of the Agrarian revolution in Britain. (12mks)
       • Increased food production ,there was regular food supply and security as a result of the improved methods of farming.
       • Increase in population, this was due to increased food production, low mortality rate and increased life expectancy.
       • Diversification of agriculture – a variety of crops were grown, dairy animals and sheep breeds were developed.
       • Emergence of landless peasants – as a result of the land enclosure system.
       • Development of industries – the revolution provided the required raw materials to the industry.
       • Development of large scale farming.
       • Expansion of both local and international trade.
       • Improved transport system e.g. roads and railways ,in order to ease the transportation of agricultural products to the market and raw materials to the industries.
       • It enhanced research and scientific innovations e.g. on better methods of farming.
       • Migration of British nationals to other parts of the world e.g. U.S.A Canada, South Africa and New Zealand.
       •  Emergence of a class of wealthy land owners.
       • Development of wage or hired labour. 6 x 2 = 12mks
19.  
    1. State five factors that led to the emergence of trade. 
       • Unequal distribution of resources necessary for human life.
       • Desire to satisfy the various human needs, acquiring what one did not have.
       • Production of surplus produce.
       • Specialization e.g. in iron working, basketry leatherwork etc.
       • The need to strengthen human relations for mutual benefit. 5 x 1 = 5mks
    2. Explain five challenges faced by the Trans-Saharan traders. 
       • The journey was long and stressful.
       • Attacks by hostile desert communities.
       • Extreme desert temperatures.
       • Many traders lost their way in the desert and ended up dying from dehydration.
       • Inadequate food and water supplies.
       • Many traders were killed by frequent sandstorms in the desert.
       • Frequent attacks from wild animals scorpions and poisonous snakes.
       • Inter-community wars disrupted their journeys and trade.
       • Language barrier due to lack of a common language in which to conducted commercial transactions.
       • Rivalry among traders over the monopoly and control of trade and trade routes. 5 x 2 = 10mks
20.  
    1. Identify three ways in which water was used as a source of energy. 
       • To turn waterwheels to make weapons and copper pots
       • grinding stones in flour mills.
       • To turn machines in textile industries eg water frame
       • To produce steam power to drive machines. 1 x 3 = 3mks
    2. Explain six social effects of the industrial revolution in Europe during the 18th century.
       • Many people migrated to towns to look for jobs leading to overcrowding.
       • Increased population in towns led to shortage of houses thereby resulting to the development of slums.
       • There was poor sanitation which made many people to suffer from various diseases.
       • The factories emitted pollutants into the air, water and land thus affecting people’s health.Those whose did not secure employment in the industrial town engaged in crime and other social evils.
       • Industrial revolution led to social stratification where the poor were discriminated by the rich, poor, middle,rich.
       • Development of bourgoues –class in the society.
       • Women and children were exploited because they worked for long hours for little pay.
       • Trade unions developed in order to fight for rights of industrial workers/to settle industrial disputes.
       • Due to long working schedules, some industrial workers neglected their homes leading to family breakups. 6 x2 = 12mks
21.  
    1. Outline five agreements between Lewanika and Corydon in 1900. 
       • The British Government was to be established in Barosteland, as the company administrator and was to report to the British High commissioner in Cape Town
       • The company was to appoint and pay the administrators
       • The BSACo to build schools, postal services, telegraph services and transport
       • Lewanika to receive £850pounds a year a salary
       • The Lozi were to have the right to game( hunting for wild animal),iron working,tree cutting for canoe building
       • Batoka plateau landwas given to BSACo.
       • BSACo maintained mining rights
       • Lewanika was to stop witchcraft ,slavery
       • Lewanika was made aParamount chief-powers were later reduced 5x1=5
    2. Explain five reasons why Lewanika of the lozi kingdom collaborated with the Europeans.
       • To get help to protect his position and state as king of Lozi from internal revolt.
       • To be protected against enemies like the Ndebele who were his traditional enemy.
       • Lewanika was greatly influenced by missionaries to seek British protection-Colliard.
       • Lewanika was urged by his friend, chief Khama of the Ngwato who spoke highly of the Europeans.
       • He wanted to promote trade between his people and the British.
       • Lewanika was threatened by the Portuguese the Boers and Germans, hence wanted direct British protection.
       • desired western education and civilization, health
       • realized the futility of resistinG
       • safeguard the independence of the Lozi
       • to acquire material benefits 5x2=10

SECTION C Answer any two questions(30 MARKS)

22.  
    1. five economic activities of the Baganda during the pre-colonial period. (5mrks)
       • Grew crops like Bananas.
       • Kept large livestock.
       • Practiced hunting and gathering
       • Participated in Trade
       • Fished in Lake Victoria
       • Boat making
       • Practiced Basket/pottery/cloth making
       • Made iron implements.
    2. Political organization of the Asante during the pre-colonial period. 
       • Practiced centralized political organization.
       • The Empire comprised of three parts normally i) Kumasi /metropolitanAsante,ii) Amato and iii) conquered States(vassal states).
       • The head of empire was called Asentehene
       • The office of the Asentehene was hereditary.
       • Kumasi was directly ruled by Asantehene
       • The golden stool provided solid base for unity.
       • Government of the metropolitan Asante consisted of the confederacy council made up of Kings (Omanhene) from various states.
       • Each omanhene had black stool which symbolizes power over the state.
       • The Kingdom had a standing army divided into various wings.
       • Odwira festivals existed and was used in honouring the dead, solving disputes ,swearing allegiance to the king, uniting the Asante.
       • Civil servants appointed by Asantehene existed and helped in administration. (5x2=10
23.  
    1. Give three duties of the African chiefs in Southern Rhodesia during the colonial period.
       • Collection of taxes.
       • Allocation of land to Africans.
       • Solving simple disputes involving Africans.
       • Recruiting African labourers for settlers. 3 x 1 = 3mks
    2. Explain six effects of Direct rule in Zimbabwe. (12mks)
       • There was widespread poverty and suffering among the Africans.
       • Land alienation resulting in displacements of Africans.
       • Most of the Africans were forced to work in mines and settler farms.
       • Africans received poor facilities in towns due to racial discrimination.
       • Change in social roles as African men moved to towns leaving behind women to do jobs normally done by men.
       • Africans were subjected to forced labour.
       • Africans were pushed into infertile reserves.
       • The African traditional chiefs lost their authority and power
       • Paying of taxes led to suffering and poverty
       • Introduction of Christianity and education made Africans to abandon their culture
       • There was Racial discrimination,
       • establishment of white minority government 6 x 2 = 12mks
24.  
    1. State five reasons for slow decolonization in Mozambique.
       • Portugal was poor country, she relied on colonies to sustain her economy.
       • There were many Portuguese companies who had invested in mines and plantations the did not want to release they investments
       • There were a large number of Portuguese settlers
       • Mozambique supplied electricity to SA and other minerals Portugal wanted to benefit
       • Africans were not allowed to form trade union
       • there were few educated African
       • Portugal had an authoritative govt
       • lack of unity among Africans 5x1=5 
    2. Explain five problems faced by the nationalists of Mozambique under Portuguese colonialism.
       • Inadequate basic essential such as medicine, food and clothes.
       • Internal divisions within FRELIMO made the group ineffective.
       • Competition from rival guerilla groups such as the COREMO (revolutionary committee of Mozambique)
       • Assassination of FRELIMO leader Eduardo Mondalane weakened the group
       • The FRELIMO supporters were mistreated by the Portuguese forces.
       • Apartheid regime of South Africa and the unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) Southern Rhodesia joined hands with the Portuguese forces to fight the Mozambicans 5x2=10mks