Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 3 Opener Exams 2021

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INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

  • This paper consists of three sections A,B, and C
  • Answer all the questions in section A and B
  • Answer any two questions in section C


QUESTIONS

SECTION A 

  1. Name three infectious causing organisms. (1 ½)
  2. State three ways in which livestock diseases are spread. (1 ½ mk)
  3.  
    1. What do you understand by the following terms as used in livestock production.
      1. Nutrients. (1mk)
      2. Starch equivalent (1 mk)
      3. Digestion. ( 1mk)
    2. Give factors four that influence the amount of concentrate lactating animal would need. ( 2mks)
  4.  
    1. Give four advantages of using artificial insemination as a method of service in livestock breeding. (2mks)
    2. State 4 signs of heat in a cow.. (2mks)
  5. Give four reasons of creep feeding in livestock management principles
  6. State four ways used in preservation of fish. (2MKS)
  7.  
    1. Give for uses of fence in the farm ( 2MKS)
    2. State four procedures followed in the establishment of a permanent farm building. (2mks)
  8. State four ways through which the health of an animal can be restored. (2mks)
  9. Name any four predisposing factors in the health of the animal. (2mks)
  10.  
    1. Name three characteristics considered when selecting a beef calf. (1 ½ mks)
    2. State three factors that contribute to the distribution of livestock in Kenya. (1 ½ mks)
  11.  
    1. state one use of each of the following tools
      1. Spade. (1/2 mk)
      2. Shovel. (1/2 mk)
    2. Give two reasons for proper maintenance of farm tools. (1 mk)
  12. Give two methods used to restrain animals .(1mk)

SECTION B (30 MARKS ) ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS

  1. The illustrating below shows a practice in layer birds . use them to answer the questions that follow


                         illustration of practise in layer birds

    1. What practice is represented above. (1MK)
    2. Which illustration shows the right way of carrying out the practice. (1mk)
    3. state three reasons for carrying out the practice. (3 mks)
  2. A farmer wanted to prepare 200kg of calf rearing ration containing 20 % DAP , using the peason square method calculate the amount of maize containing 18% DCP and sunflower containing 35% DCP the framer would need to prepare. (5MKS show your working)
  3. Fill the table below

              Disease                              Cause                         Characteristics               Preventive measures         
       Coccidiosis      
       Black quarter      
       Rinder pest                Virus            Vaccination
       Milk fever      
  4. The diagram below shows an internal livestock parasite. Sturdy it and use it to answer questions that follow.

                       Diagram of internal livestock parasite

    1. Identify the parasite . (1mk)
    2. Name two types of animals that are affected by the parasite shown. (1mk)
    3. Name tree control measures of the parasite above

SECTION C 40 MARKS (ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS)

  1.  
    1. Outline 5 signs of parturition in cattle . (5mks)
    2. State 5 reasons for carrying out inbreeding in livestock. (5mks)
    3. Give five effects of parasites on livestock. (5mks)
    4. Describe the difference between ruminant and non-ruminant s digestive system (5mks)
  2.  
    1. Describe precautions to be observed when using workshop tools. (5mks)
    2. State five characteristics of merino sheep (5mks)
    3. Explain five factors considered in selecting construction materials. (10mks)
  3.  
    1. Describe new castle disease under the following sub-headings.
      1. Causal organism.( 1mk)
      2.  Animals affected. (1mk)
      3. Symptoms. (5mks)
      4. Control measures. (5mks)
    2.  
      1. Outline procedure for processing wax in bee keeping (8mks)
      2. Give any two ways in which vaccines are administered. (2mks)


MARKING SCHEME

 SECTION A

  1.  
    • Bacteria
    • Protozoa
    • Virus 00    Any 3 x ½= 11/2 mks
  2.  
    • Through contaminated water, air, feed or pasture
    • Through direct contact with sick animal
    • By poor handling either by stocks man or farmer
    • By use of contaminated bedding in the animal houses
    • By use of dirty equipment for drinking water or feeding   Any 3 x ½=3
  3.  
    1.  
      1. Nutrient-are organic or inorganic substances in a feed which is absorbed and utilized in the body tissues
      2. Starch equivalent - is the energy value of the feed that is equivalent to the net energy level of the a certain amount of pure starch
      3. Digestion – is the process of breaking down of complex food substances to smaller which can be absorbed through the gastrointestinal walls (GIT).        Each well explained (1x1 = 1 mk)
    2.  
      • The milk production level of the animal
      • The nutrient value of the concentrate
      • The returns made from the production
      • The quantity of the pastures
      • Loss of the concentrate
      • The size of the animal                      Any 4 x 1/1= 2 mks
  4.  
    1.  
      • possible to use a sire long after its death
      • Semen of a superior bull is used to serve many cows
      • eliminate the problem of matching size
      • control transmission of breeding diseases
      • reduces the cost of keeping a bull
      • Easy to control breeding                  Any 4 x ½ = 2 mks
    2.  
      • restless
      • Frequent urination
      • swelling or reddening of the vulva
      • Frequent monitoring of others
      • It responds positively to the riding test.        Any 4 x1/ 2= 2mks
  5.  
    • To replace the mother’s milk at the time of weaning
    • necessary to maintain the health and growth in case the mother does not produce enough milk.
    • Give the young animal the necessary nutrients required for high growth rate
    • to introduce the young animal to feeds           Any 4 x ½ = 2mks
  6.  
    • Freezing
    • salting
    • Sun drying
    • smocking
    • Deep frying                    Any 4 x½ = 2 mks
  7.  
    1.  
      • Demarcating the farm land from that of the neighbor
      • To keep of wild animals and other intruders from the outside the farm
      • To separate crop field from the pastures
      • To divide pastures into paddock thus facilitating controlled grazing systems such as rotational grazing
      • To control the spread of parasite and disease by keeping off the wild and stray animals from the farm.
      • To isolate sick animals from the rest of the herd to prevent disease spread
      • To control breading o by rearing different animals in different paddocks
      • To provide security to the homestead and farm animals        Any 4 x½ =2 mks
    2.  
      • Clearing the vegetation.
      • Leveling the ground
      • measuring the foundation
      • Laying the foundation.                   Any 4 x½ =2 mks
  8.  
    • Good feeding
    • Provision of clean environment
    • Neutralizing the ill effects produced by the disease
    • Relieving discomfort or injury to the animal.
    • Preventing further spread of a disease               Any 4 x½ =2 mks
  9.  
    • Age of the animal
    • sex of the animal
    • color of the animal
    • Change of the climate / environment
    • Heredity/congenital cause
    • Size of the hard/ flock against area covered
    • physiological condition such as fatigue, weakness, pregnancy
    • Animal coming into contact with a sick animal        Any 4 x½ =2 mks
  10.  
    1.  
      • Blocky and deep body, which are well fleshed.
      • Fast growth rate
      • Good foragers            Any 3 x ½ =2mks
    2.  
      • place of origin
      • Hair of body cover
      • Climatic conditions       
  11.  
    1.  
      1. Spade-It is used to dig the holes and remove/ scoop holes (1/2)
      2. Shovel-used for lifting soil and manure   (1/2)
    2.  
      • To avoid injuries to the user
      • To increase durability
      • To make it efficient
      • To reduce repair replacement cost.     Any 4 x½ =2 mks
  12.  
    • restraining method
    • casting

SECTION B

  1.  
    1. debeaking (1mk)
    2. P 1 x 1 =1mk
    3.  
      • Reduction of egg eating and breaking eggs
      • Control cannibalism
      • Prevent injury from pegging or fighting
      • Reduction of feed wastage
      • Reductions feather pulling
      • Moderate pecking order which encourages greater uniformity in the flock    3 x 1 =3mks

  2.  
                            peason square method 2         
                            35 % DCP sunflower            10 parts e sunflower
    1. Maize →   15/25 x 200  = 120 kg. (1mk)
    2. Sunflower parts → 10/25 x 200  = 80 kg (1mk)

  3.  
        Disease       Causes        Characteristics        Prevention  
      Coccidiosis    

      Protozal coccidian 

      sp

        Diarrheas/ whitish/ yellow    

        blood stained

      Give coccidiostat in drinking water 

      or food

       Black Quarter 

     

      Bacterial clostridium

      sp  

       Lameness/ swollem muscle

     

       Vaccination

     

       Rinder pest    Virus

       Diarrhea with blood stained

       feaces

       Vaccination
       Milk fever   Low level of calcium

       Animal goes with stiff bent neck 

       Twitching muscles

     


  4.  
    1. Roundworm 1 x1 =1 mk
    2.  
      • Cattle
      • Sheep
      • Pigs           2 x ½ =1 mk
    3.  
      • practical rotational grazing
      • Improve sanitation
      • drench animals with appropriate anthelminthic
      • Hay and feeds should not be contaminated with feaces
      • proper use of latrines.                    Any 3x1=3 mks

SECTION C 40 MARKS (ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS )

  1.  
    1.  
      • restlessness
      • Enlargement of the vulva
      • Thick mucus form the vulva
      • Relaxation of the clip muscles
      • Full and distended udder
      • Thick sticky honey like fluid is discharged udder
      • lack of appetite
      • Towards the end as water bag emerges and bursts where the fore legs and muscle is noticed                 Any 5x1=5 mks
    2.  
      • To increase genetic uniformity in the herd
      • Used to fix the requires characteristics’ in the new –breads
      • To increase phenotypic uniformity
      • Used to get proven sire
      • Used in animals of higher potency
    3.  
      • causes anemia
      • Deprive the host animal of food
      • Injure and damage the tissues and organ
      • Disease irritation
      • Causes irritation
      • Obstruction of internal organs
        Any 5x 1 = 5 mks

    4. Ruminants  Non ruminants 

      -Chew cud

      -Have four stomach cambers thus polygatric

      -regurgitate food

      - can digest cellulose. Have microorganisms

         in the rumen that digest cellulose

      -Have no ptyline in saliva hence no enzymatic 

      digestion in the mouth

      - Most digestion and absorption takes place in the rumen.

      -Have alkaline saliva due to presence of ammonia

       

      - doesn’t chew cud

      -Have one stomach chamber

       -Cannot regurgitate food

      -Have no microorganisms in the stomach hence cannot 

      digest cellulose except those animals with microorganisms in the caecum

      -Have ptylin thus enzymatic digestion begin in the mouth

      -Most digestion and absorption takes place in the small         intestines

      -Saliva in is neutral in pH

       

       

       
      Any 5x 1 =5mks
  2.  
    1.  
      • Use the correct tool for the correct job
      • Tools should be handles carefully when in use
      • They should be maintained to keep then in in good working conditions
      • Safety devises should be used when handling dangerous tools to avoid accidents
      • They should be left in a safe place after use
      • Proper storage of tools is important to safe gourd those who work in the workshops from -getting hurt by tools left carelessly                  Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
    2.  
      • They are small in angular in form\they have dropping hump
      • They are narrow in the chest
      • Consequently has a close together front
      • The muzzle is flesh coloured
      • Their wool, hooves and hones are white
      • They are slow maturity breeding and gave a lambing percentage of 100%
      • They have herd breed that that does well under extensive conditions
      • They have good flocking instincts which make them to be put as a bid flock under one shepherd.
      • They produce flees that is highly valued, long stapled
      • Under short condition they weigh 63-80 kgs . i.e the rams and ewe weigh 49-57kgs
      • The carcass is of very low quality                                            Any 5 x1 =5 mks
    3.  
      • Availability of the materials
      • Cost of the materials
      • Suitability of each type of material to the prevailing weather conditions
      • Durability of the materials
      • Strength of the material                                Any 5 x 2 = 10mks
  3.  
    1.  
      1. virus any 1 x 1 = 1mk
      2. Poultry any 1x 1= 1 mk
      3. Symptoms
        • The birds have difficulties in breathing, produce harsh grafting rasping sound when breathing
        • The beaks remain wide open and neck are strained
        • The birds become dull
        • The bird’s stands with eyes closed all the time
        • The birds lose appetite
        • There are nasal discharge which forces the bird to shake their heads to clear it
        • The birds walk with stargazing motion since the nervous system, is affected and paralyses of wings and legs may occur
        • Often the birds have their beaks and wings down.
        • Birds produced westerly greenish diarrhea.
        • Eggs laid have soft shells                              Any 5 x1= 5mks
      4. Control measures
        • Vaccination should be done during the first 6 weeks and then two or three months later
        • Famers are advised to kill all the birds and burn them once infestation has occurred
        • The houses should be disinfected before bringing in the new stock
        • Quarantine is imposed ones an outbreak is suspected of occurrence         Any 3 x 1 = 3mks
    2.  
      1.  
        • put Lomb’s whose honey has be been extracted into a basin
        • Add water to a basin
        • Heat the mixture until the was melts
        • Strain the mixture through muslin cloth
        • Squeeze the residue strongly to force the wax out
        • Cool the mixture overnight
        • Drain the water and remove any foreign particles
        • Re-melt the wax over the water bath and put it in clean container             8mks
      2.  
        • By injection
        • Orally through the mouth
        • By inhalation, that is through the nose
        • Through the cloaca                                               Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
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