INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES
- This paper consists of three sections A,B, and C
- Answer all the questions in section A and B
- Answer any two questions in section C
QUESTIONS
SECTION A
- Name three infectious causing organisms. (1 ½)
- State three ways in which livestock diseases are spread. (1 ½ mk)
-
- What do you understand by the following terms as used in livestock production.
- Nutrients. (1mk)
- Starch equivalent (1 mk)
- Digestion. ( 1mk)
- Give factors four that influence the amount of concentrate lactating animal would need. ( 2mks)
- What do you understand by the following terms as used in livestock production.
-
- Give four advantages of using artificial insemination as a method of service in livestock breeding. (2mks)
- State 4 signs of heat in a cow.. (2mks)
- Give four reasons of creep feeding in livestock management principles
- State four ways used in preservation of fish. (2MKS)
-
- Give for uses of fence in the farm ( 2MKS)
- State four procedures followed in the establishment of a permanent farm building. (2mks)
- State four ways through which the health of an animal can be restored. (2mks)
- Name any four predisposing factors in the health of the animal. (2mks)
-
- Name three characteristics considered when selecting a beef calf. (1 ½ mks)
- State three factors that contribute to the distribution of livestock in Kenya. (1 ½ mks)
-
- state one use of each of the following tools
- Spade. (1/2 mk)
- Shovel. (1/2 mk)
- Give two reasons for proper maintenance of farm tools. (1 mk)
- state one use of each of the following tools
- Give two methods used to restrain animals .(1mk)
SECTION B (30 MARKS ) ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS
- The illustrating below shows a practice in layer birds . use them to answer the questions that follow
- What practice is represented above. (1MK)
- Which illustration shows the right way of carrying out the practice. (1mk)
- state three reasons for carrying out the practice. (3 mks)
- A farmer wanted to prepare 200kg of calf rearing ration containing 20 % DAP , using the peason square method calculate the amount of maize containing 18% DCP and sunflower containing 35% DCP the framer would need to prepare. (5MKS show your working)
- Fill the table below
Disease Cause Characteristics Preventive measures Coccidiosis Black quarter Rinder pest Virus Vaccination Milk fever - The diagram below shows an internal livestock parasite. Sturdy it and use it to answer questions that follow.
- Identify the parasite . (1mk)
- Name two types of animals that are affected by the parasite shown. (1mk)
- Name tree control measures of the parasite above
SECTION C 40 MARKS (ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS)
-
- Outline 5 signs of parturition in cattle . (5mks)
- State 5 reasons for carrying out inbreeding in livestock. (5mks)
- Give five effects of parasites on livestock. (5mks)
- Describe the difference between ruminant and non-ruminant s digestive system (5mks)
-
- Describe precautions to be observed when using workshop tools. (5mks)
- State five characteristics of merino sheep (5mks)
- Explain five factors considered in selecting construction materials. (10mks)
-
- Describe new castle disease under the following sub-headings.
- Causal organism.( 1mk)
- Animals affected. (1mk)
- Symptoms. (5mks)
- Control measures. (5mks)
-
- Outline procedure for processing wax in bee keeping (8mks)
- Give any two ways in which vaccines are administered. (2mks)
- Describe new castle disease under the following sub-headings.
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
-
- Bacteria
- Protozoa
- Virus 00 Any 3 x ½= 11/2 mks
-
- Through contaminated water, air, feed or pasture
- Through direct contact with sick animal
- By poor handling either by stocks man or farmer
- By use of contaminated bedding in the animal houses
- By use of dirty equipment for drinking water or feeding Any 3 x ½=3
-
-
- Nutrient-are organic or inorganic substances in a feed which is absorbed and utilized in the body tissues
- Starch equivalent - is the energy value of the feed that is equivalent to the net energy level of the a certain amount of pure starch
- Digestion – is the process of breaking down of complex food substances to smaller which can be absorbed through the gastrointestinal walls (GIT). Each well explained (1x1 = 1 mk)
-
- The milk production level of the animal
- The nutrient value of the concentrate
- The returns made from the production
- The quantity of the pastures
- Loss of the concentrate
- The size of the animal Any 4 x 1/1= 2 mks
-
-
-
- possible to use a sire long after its death
- Semen of a superior bull is used to serve many cows
- eliminate the problem of matching size
- control transmission of breeding diseases
- reduces the cost of keeping a bull
- Easy to control breeding Any 4 x ½ = 2 mks
-
- restless
- Frequent urination
- swelling or reddening of the vulva
- Frequent monitoring of others
- It responds positively to the riding test. Any 4 x1/ 2= 2mks
-
-
- To replace the mother’s milk at the time of weaning
- necessary to maintain the health and growth in case the mother does not produce enough milk.
- Give the young animal the necessary nutrients required for high growth rate
- to introduce the young animal to feeds Any 4 x ½ = 2mks
-
- Freezing
- salting
- Sun drying
- smocking
- Deep frying Any 4 x½ = 2 mks
-
-
- Demarcating the farm land from that of the neighbor
- To keep of wild animals and other intruders from the outside the farm
- To separate crop field from the pastures
- To divide pastures into paddock thus facilitating controlled grazing systems such as rotational grazing
- To control the spread of parasite and disease by keeping off the wild and stray animals from the farm.
- To isolate sick animals from the rest of the herd to prevent disease spread
- To control breading o by rearing different animals in different paddocks
- To provide security to the homestead and farm animals Any 4 x½ =2 mks
-
- Clearing the vegetation.
- Leveling the ground
- measuring the foundation
- Laying the foundation. Any 4 x½ =2 mks
-
-
- Good feeding
- Provision of clean environment
- Neutralizing the ill effects produced by the disease
- Relieving discomfort or injury to the animal.
- Preventing further spread of a disease Any 4 x½ =2 mks
-
- Age of the animal
- sex of the animal
- color of the animal
- Change of the climate / environment
- Heredity/congenital cause
- Size of the hard/ flock against area covered
- physiological condition such as fatigue, weakness, pregnancy
- Animal coming into contact with a sick animal Any 4 x½ =2 mks
-
-
- Blocky and deep body, which are well fleshed.
- Fast growth rate
- Good foragers Any 3 x ½ =2mks
-
- place of origin
- Hair of body cover
- Climatic conditions
-
-
-
- Spade-It is used to dig the holes and remove/ scoop holes (1/2)
- Shovel-used for lifting soil and manure (1/2)
-
- To avoid injuries to the user
- To increase durability
- To make it efficient
- To reduce repair replacement cost. Any 4 x½ =2 mks
-
-
- restraining method
- casting
SECTION B
-
- debeaking (1mk)
- P 1 x 1 =1mk
-
- Reduction of egg eating and breaking eggs
- Control cannibalism
- Prevent injury from pegging or fighting
- Reduction of feed wastage
- Reductions feather pulling
- Moderate pecking order which encourages greater uniformity in the flock 3 x 1 =3mks
35 % DCP sunflower 10 parts e sunflower- Maize → 15/25 x 200 = 120 kg. (1mk)
- Sunflower parts → 10/25 x 200 = 80 kg (1mk)
Disease Causes Characteristics Prevention Coccidiosis Protozal coccidian
sp
Diarrheas/ whitish/ yellow
blood stained
Give coccidiostat in drinking water
or food
Black Quarter
Bacterial clostridium
sp
Lameness/ swollem muscle
Vaccination
Rinder pest Virus Diarrhea with blood stained
feaces
Vaccination Milk fever Low level of calcium Animal goes with stiff bent neck
Twitching muscles
-
- Roundworm 1 x1 =1 mk
-
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Pigs 2 x ½ =1 mk
-
- practical rotational grazing
- Improve sanitation
- drench animals with appropriate anthelminthic
- Hay and feeds should not be contaminated with feaces
- proper use of latrines. Any 3x1=3 mks
SECTION C 40 MARKS (ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS )
-
-
- restlessness
- Enlargement of the vulva
- Thick mucus form the vulva
- Relaxation of the clip muscles
- Full and distended udder
- Thick sticky honey like fluid is discharged udder
- lack of appetite
- Towards the end as water bag emerges and bursts where the fore legs and muscle is noticed Any 5x1=5 mks
-
- To increase genetic uniformity in the herd
- Used to fix the requires characteristics’ in the new –breads
- To increase phenotypic uniformity
- Used to get proven sire
- Used in animals of higher potency
-
- causes anemia
- Deprive the host animal of food
- Injure and damage the tissues and organ
- Disease irritation
- Causes irritation
- Obstruction of internal organs
Any 5x 1 = 5 mks
Ruminants Non ruminants -Chew cud
-Have four stomach cambers thus polygatric
-regurgitate food
- can digest cellulose. Have microorganisms
in the rumen that digest cellulose
-Have no ptyline in saliva hence no enzymatic
digestion in the mouth
- Most digestion and absorption takes place in the rumen.
-Have alkaline saliva due to presence of ammonia
- doesn’t chew cud
-Have one stomach chamber
-Cannot regurgitate food
-Have no microorganisms in the stomach hence cannot
digest cellulose except those animals with microorganisms in the caecum
-Have ptylin thus enzymatic digestion begin in the mouth
-Most digestion and absorption takes place in the small intestines
-Saliva in is neutral in pH
Any 5x 1 =5mks
-
-
-
- Use the correct tool for the correct job
- Tools should be handles carefully when in use
- They should be maintained to keep then in in good working conditions
- Safety devises should be used when handling dangerous tools to avoid accidents
- They should be left in a safe place after use
- Proper storage of tools is important to safe gourd those who work in the workshops from -getting hurt by tools left carelessly Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
-
- They are small in angular in form\they have dropping hump
- They are narrow in the chest
- Consequently has a close together front
- The muzzle is flesh coloured
- Their wool, hooves and hones are white
- They are slow maturity breeding and gave a lambing percentage of 100%
- They have herd breed that that does well under extensive conditions
- They have good flocking instincts which make them to be put as a bid flock under one shepherd.
- They produce flees that is highly valued, long stapled
- Under short condition they weigh 63-80 kgs . i.e the rams and ewe weigh 49-57kgs
- The carcass is of very low quality Any 5 x1 =5 mks
-
- Availability of the materials
- Cost of the materials
- Suitability of each type of material to the prevailing weather conditions
- Durability of the materials
- Strength of the material Any 5 x 2 = 10mks
-
-
-
- virus any 1 x 1 = 1mk
- Poultry any 1x 1= 1 mk
- Symptoms
- The birds have difficulties in breathing, produce harsh grafting rasping sound when breathing
- The beaks remain wide open and neck are strained
- The birds become dull
- The bird’s stands with eyes closed all the time
- The birds lose appetite
- There are nasal discharge which forces the bird to shake their heads to clear it
- The birds walk with stargazing motion since the nervous system, is affected and paralyses of wings and legs may occur
- Often the birds have their beaks and wings down.
- Birds produced westerly greenish diarrhea.
- Eggs laid have soft shells Any 5 x1= 5mks
- Control measures
- Vaccination should be done during the first 6 weeks and then two or three months later
- Famers are advised to kill all the birds and burn them once infestation has occurred
- The houses should be disinfected before bringing in the new stock
- Quarantine is imposed ones an outbreak is suspected of occurrence Any 3 x 1 = 3mks
-
-
- put Lomb’s whose honey has be been extracted into a basin
- Add water to a basin
- Heat the mixture until the was melts
- Strain the mixture through muslin cloth
- Squeeze the residue strongly to force the wax out
- Cool the mixture overnight
- Drain the water and remove any foreign particles
- Re-melt the wax over the water bath and put it in clean container 8mks
-
- By injection
- Orally through the mouth
- By inhalation, that is through the nose
- Through the cloaca Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
-
-
Download Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 3 Opener Exams 2021.
Tap Here to Download for 50/-
Get on WhatsApp for 50/-
Why download?
- ✔ To read offline at any time.
- ✔ To Print at your convenience
- ✔ Share Easily with Friends / Students