History and Government Paper 1 Question and Answers - Form 3 End Term 3 2021

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

FORM THREE PAPER 1

END TERM 3

SECTION A

Answer all the questions in these section

1. Name two southern cushites that inhabited Kenya during the pre-colonial period (2mks)
2. Give one way in which iron working helped in migration of Kenyan communities (1mk)
3. Apart from the Akamba name two other Kenyan community that participated in th long distance trade. (2mks)
4. Identify two benefits of dual citizenship (2mks)
5. Give two characteristics of the Kenyan government (2mks)
6. Outline one early mean of communication used by the Kenyan communities in pre-colonial period (1mk)
7. Give two strategic reasons that led to occupation of Kenya by the British (2mks)
8. Name one colonial governor who encouraged settlers farming in Kenya (1mk)
9. What was the main recommendations of Fraser commission of 1908(1mk)
10. Give the main reason that that led tom formation of early political parties in Kenyaup to 1939. (1mk)
11. Identify the main feature of Kenyans first independentparliament (1mk)
12. What was the main reason for convening the 2nd Lancaster conference in 1962(1mk)
13. Define the term democracy (1mk)
14. Give two social causes of disunity in Kenyatoday (2mks)
15. Identify the most significant aspect of the Nandi social organization (1mk)
16. Give two reasons that may lead to deprivation of freedom of expression to a Kenyan citizen (2mks)
17. Explain two recommendations of Littleton constitution of 1954(2mks)

SECTION B (45MKS)

Answer any three questions from this section

18.  
    1. Identify three main economic activities of the Luo during the precolonial Kenya (3mks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the maasai in 19^th century (12mks)
19.  
    1. Give the characteristic of early political organization in Kenya(3mks)
    2. Explain six factors which promoted African political organization in Kenya after 1945(12mks)
20.  
    1. Outline the terms of Devonshire white paper (5mks)
    2. Describe the method used by the colonial government to acquire labour for settlers in Kenya (10mks)
21.  
    1. Identify five merits of democracy (5mks)
    2. Explain five principles of democracy (10mks)

SECTION C (30MARKS)

Answer any two questions

22.  
    1. Identify the factors that should be considered while drafting the constitution of a country (5mks)
    2. Describe the stages of constitution making process in Kenya (12mks)
23.  
    1. Give three ways in which education promotes national unity in Kenya (3mks)
    2. Discuss the procedures followed while solving conflicts through the mediation method (12mks0
24.  
    1. What were the main objectives of local native council in Kenya during the colonial period (3mks)
    2. Describe the structure of central government in colonial Kenya (12mks

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

Answer all the questions in these section

1. Name two southern cushites that inhabited Kenya during the pre-colonial period(2mks)
   • Dahallo
   • Sanye
2. Give one way in which iron working helped in migration of Kenyan communities(1mk)
   • Made weapons which they used to protect themselves
3. Apart from the Akamba name two other Kenyan community that participated in th long distance trade.(2mks)
   • Mijikenda
   • Giriama
   • Yao
4. Identify two benefits of dual citizenship(2mks)
   • One receives the benefits and privilinges offered by each country
   • They can vote in both
   • Access either country social services\
   • They can work in either without a permit or a visa
5. Give two characteristics of the Kenyan government(2mks)
   • Legitimacy
   • Sovereign
   • Has rules
   • Law enforcement
   • Jurisdiction
6. Outline one early mean of communication used by the Kenyan communities in pre-colonial period(1mk)
   • Drum beating
   • Horn blowing
   • Smoke and fire
7. Give two strategic reasons that led to occupation of Kenya by the British(2mks)
   • Accessibility through the sea
   • Avenue to access the land-locked Uganda which was the source of River Nile
8. Name one colonial governor who encouraged settlers farming in kenya(1mk)
   • Edward Northey
   • Sir Charles Eliot
9. What was the main recommendation of the Fraser commission of 1908(1mk)
   • Racially segregated system of education
10. Give the main reason that that led to formation of early political parties in kenya up to 1939.(1mk)
    • The Africans wanted their land back
11. Identify the main feature of Kenyans first independent parliament(1mk)
    • Bicameral parliament-upper house and lower house
12. What was the main reason for convening the 2nd Lancaster conference in 1962(1mk)
    • To draft the indipedent constitution of kenya
13. Define the term democracy(1mk)
    • It is a form of government where political decision are directly in the hands of the people being governed
14. Give two social causes of disunity in Kenya today(2mks
    • Religious conflicts
    • Tribalism/racism
    • Nepotism
    • Corruption
    • Greed
15. Identify the most significant aspect of the Nandi social organization(1mk)
    • Circumcision
16. Give two reasons that may lead to deprivation of freedom of expression to a Kenyan citizen(2mks)
    • When spreading propaganda which can provoke violence
    • When engaging in hate speech
    • When spreading false information
17. Explain two reccomedation of Lyttleton constitution of 1954(2mks)
    • Formation of multiracial society in which all races participated in political governance
    • The governors executive council to be replaced with a multi raciall council
    • Africans to be allowed to form political parties at district level

SECTION B(45MKS)

Answer any three questions from this section

18.  
    1. Identify three main economic activities of the luo during the precolonial kenya(3mks)
       • Fishing
       • Trading
       • Hunting and gathering
    2. Describe the political organization of the Maasai in 19th century(12mks)
       1. :They were organized into clans which was led by the council of elders who:
          • Advised the warriors and conducted religious ceremonies
          • Acted as judges and settled marriages and land disputes
          • Declared war and negotiated for peace
       2. Amaasai young man underwent four main stages:
          • Boyhood-illyak who looked after family livestock
          • Warrirhood-ilmuran who joined the ageset and became warriors
          • Married men-junior elders who formed the political authority and handled policy issues in the community and instructed warriors
          • Senior elders who performed religious functions and delt with the difficult judicial and political decisions
       3. They had an office known as oloibon office which delt with
          • Blessing warriors before going to war
          • Conducted religious ceremonies
          • Advised the council of warriors
          • Foretold the future
          • He was a medicine man
          • Acted as an intermediary between the people and god
19.  
    1. Give the characteristic of early political organisation in Kenya(3mk
       • Based on ethnic groups
       • Had similar grievances
       • Non-violent
       • Led by mission educated young men
    2. Explain six factors which promoted african political organisation in Kenya after 1945(12mks)
       • Formation of the Atlantic charter in 1941 by Delano Roosevelt of US and british prime minister Winston Churchill
       • Influence of the British labour party which supported the idea of granting indipedence to the colonies
       • Creation of multi-racial society in kenya
       • Nomination of the first African representative in legco
       • Experience of the African exsoldiers during the second world wars
       • Emergence of the two super powers
20.  
    1. Outline the terms of Devonshire white paper (5mks)
       • The Kenyan highlands were to be exclusively for white settlers
       • The Asians would elect five members to the legco on a common role
       • The European settlers demand for a self government was rejected
       • Racial segregation in the residential areas and restriction on immigration was abolished
       • Africans interest to be given priority before those of th immigrants races
       • A missionary would be nominated to represent the Interest of the Africans
    2. Describe the method used by the colonial government to acquire labour for settlers in Kenya (10mks)
       • Introduced the kipande system to identify and recruit labours
       • Squatter system where landless Africans were allowed to reside on settlers farms in return to provide labour
       • Northey circular of 1918 which directed chiefs to provide a specific number of labourers per year
       • Hut tax and poll tax were introduced to force Africans to work as labourers in order to raise cash to pay the tax.
       • Africans were restricted from growing cash crops and keeping grade cattle in order to force them to seek employment
21.  
    1. Identify five merits of democracy (5mks)
       • It is founded on people's consent hence popular form of government
       • It recognizes equality among all people irrespective of their races and creed
       • It has moral and educative values
       • It balance the liberties of of the citizens with powers of the state
       • Enhances peace and harmony in the country and beyond borders
       • Government has legitimacy and they implement popular will
       • Rights of citizens are respected and inequalities are reduced
    2. Explain five principles of democracy (10mks)
       • freedom of speech,debate and enquiry
       • participation of the people as a whole mainly through free fair and regular elections
       • an open and accountable mass media
       • decentralization of economic power so that they can be exconomically empowered
       • it entails equality before the laws

SECTION C (30marks)

Answer any two questions

22.    
    • Identify the factors that should be considered while drafting the constitution of a country(5mks)
      • Historical background of a country
      • Geographical factors
      • Religious beleifs of a people
      • Racial composition of a country
    • Describe the stages of constitution making process in kenya(12mks)
      • Debate of contentious issues
      • Collection of public views
      • Civic education
      • Convening of constitution conferences such as Bomas conference
      • Drafting of the constitution by technical experts on matters of laws
      • People's approval through referendum
      • Enacting the constution by the parliament
      • Promulgation of the constution
23.  
    1. Give three ways in which education promotes national unity in kenya(3mks)
       • All students are subjected to a common curriculum which reflects a sense of national unity
       • Enhancing cultural tolerance through music ,drama festivals cement national unity
       • National conference organized for schools, colleges bring student together and teachers from all parts of Kenya
    2. Discuss the procedures followed while solving conflicts through the mediation method(12mks)
       • The mediators explain the rules to be used in the mediation process
       • The parties explain their grievances
       • The mediator summarises them and indentifies the facts
       • The mediator then suggests the solutions and invites the parties to give their opinions
       • An acceptable agreement is then reached and written down
       • Implementation is done 
24.  
    1. What were the main objectives of local native council in Kenya during the colonial period?(3mks)
       • To ensure that the Africans develop senses of responsibility and duty
       • Provide a way for the articulations of African grievances by the African elites
       • To restrict Africans in the reserves
       • To provide a way by which Africans would be understood and be contained by the government
    2. describe the structure of central government in colonial kenya(12mks)
       • The colonial secretary for states based in London
       • Governor general based in kenya
       • Provincial commissioners
       • Distrct commissioners
       • District officers
       • Chiefs
       • Assistant chiefs/headmen