FORM 3
END OF TERM THREE
AGRICULTURE EXAM
PAPER 1
SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- Name two classes of weeds on the basis of the following.
- Growth cycle (1mk)
- Plant morphology (1mk)
- State four reasons for land fragmentation in Kenya. (2mks)
- Give four advantages of individual owner operator tenure system as practised in Kenya. (2mks)
- Give four methods of breaking seed dormancy. (2mks)
- State four disadvantages of organic mulch in crop production. (2mks
- Give four practices carried out in a tree nursery. (2mks)
- State four reasons for staking tomatoes. (2mks)
- List three methods of treating water for use on the farm. (1 ½ mks)
- Give two examples for each of the following categories of water pipes.
- Metal pipes (1mk)
- Hose pipes (1mk)
- What is organic farming? (1mk)
- State four problems that may be brought about by hardpans in crop land. (4mks)
- State four kinds of information contained in a land title deed. (2mks)
- Mention the simultaneous processes that lead to the formation of erosional characteristics of a gully. (4mks)
- State three factors that determine the depth of planting. (1 ½ mks)
SECTION B (20MKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
- The diagram below shows a soil water conservation structure.
- Identify the method of soil and water conservation shown in the diagram. (1mk)
- State three practices that can be carried out on the above structure to make it stable. (3mks)
- State any other structure that can be used in soil and water management. (1mk)
- The diagram K, L, M and N below represents types of soil structures. Study the diagrams carefully and the answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the soil structures labeled L , N and M. (3mks)
L -
M –
N – - Give one difference between soil structure K and N. (1mk)
- How can the soil structure labeled M be improved? (1mk)
- Identify the soil structures labeled L , N and M. (3mks)
- A plot of land measures 6.6m long by 3.6m wide. This plot is prepared for planting cabbages at a spacing of 60cm by 60cm. the outermost row starts at 30cm from the edges all around the plot. Calculate:
- The number of the rows falling on the width side of the plot.(2mks)
- The number of cabbage seedlings that should be planted on the plot. (3mks)
- Study the illustrations given below and then answer the questions that follow
- Identify the pests shown by illustrations A and B. (1mk)
- State two effective methods of controlling each of the pests labeled A and B.
A (2mks)
B (2mks)
Section C (40mks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided.
-
- Outline safety precautions when using herbicides. (12mks)
- Outline physical measures that have been employed in the control of pests. (8mks)
-
- Explain five effects of soil erosion. (5mks)
- Describe the field production of tomatoes from transplanting to harvesting. (15mks)
-
- Describe advantages of sub-surface irrigation. (7mks)
- Explain contribution of agriculture to National development. (12mks)
- Define agriculture. (1mk)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- Name two classes of weeds on the basis of the following.
- Growth cycle (1mk)
- Annual weeds
- Biennial weeds
- Perennial weeds
- Plant morphology (1mk)
- Narrow – leaved weeds
- Broad – leaved weeds
- Growth cycle (1mk)
-
- State four reasons for land fragmentation in Kenya. (2mks)
- Shifting cultivation
- The traditional system/subdividing land to heirs
- Accumulation of land holdings
- Population pressure on a limited area of land /buying several pieces of land scattered.
- Land offered to pay debts
- State four reasons for land fragmentation in Kenya. (2mks)
- Give four advantages of individual owner operator tenure system as practised in Kenya. (2mks)
- Owner uses title deed to secure loan
- Owner can make permanent production plan
- Owner can sell part of or whole land
- Sale ownership provides greatest incentive in terms of land improvement
- Give four methods of breaking seed dormancy. (2mks
- Scarification / mechanical
- Chemical treatmen
- Soaking in water
- Heat treatment / hot water / slight burninG
- State four disadvantages of organic mulch in crop production. (2mks)
- Harbor pests, diseases and weeds
- It is a fire risk
- Takes time to release nutrient
- Prevent light shower of rain from reaching the ground
- It is laborious to transport and to apply
- Harbours vermine e.g. snakes
- Give four practices carried out in a tree nursery. (2mks)
- Mulching
- Watering
- Weed control
- Pest and diseases control
- Shading
- Pricking out
- Root trimming
- Protection against livestock
- Hardening off
- State four reasons for staking tomatoes. (2mks)
- Production of clean fruits
- Facilitates spraying and harvesting of crops
- Control incidences of diseases outbreak such as blight
- Prevents infestations by soil borne pests.
- List three methods of treating water for use on the farm. (1 ½ mks)
- Aeration
- Sedimentation
- Filtration
- Coagulation
- Chlorination
- Give two examples for each of the following categories of water pipes.
- Metal pipes (1mk)
- Galvanized iron pipes
- Aluminium pipes
- Hose pipes (1mk)
- Rubber hoses
- Plastic hoses
- Metal pipes (1mk)
- What is organic farming? (1mk)
- The growing of crops and rearing of livestock without the use of industrial chemicals.
- State four problems that may be brought about by hardpans in crop land. (4mks)
- Poor water infiltration / water logging / flooding
- Lack of air /poor aeration
- Hinder proper root penetration and development
- Lead to accumulation of salts / salinity
- Hinder activities of soil organisms.
- State four information contained in a land title deed. (2mks)
- Title number / parcel number / location
- Size of land
- Name / identify of owne
- Date of registration
- Seal of registrar
- Conditions if any
- Mention the simultaneous processes that lead to the formation of erosional characteristics of a gully. (4mks)
- Movement of water from the water shed.
- Channel erosion caused by flowing water
- Wearing of the sides of the channel
- Scouring of the floor of the channel by moving water.
- State three factors that determine the depth of planting. (1 ½ mks)
- Soil type
- Soil moisture content / rainfall availability
- Size of the seed
- Type of germination.
SECTION B (20MKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- The diagram below shows a soil water conservation structure.
- Identify the method of soil and water conservation shown in the diagram. (1mk)
- Broad based / bench terraces
- State three practices that can be carried out on the above structure to make it stable. (3mks)
- Strengthening the embankment with a stone wall.
- Planting grass on the embankment wall
- Ensuring the channel is always clear.
- State any other structure that can be used in soil and water management. (1mk)
- Fanya juu terraces
- Gabions/porous dams
- Dams and reservoirs
- Narrow based terraces
- Identify the method of soil and water conservation shown in the diagram. (1mk)
- The diagram K, L, M and N below represents types of soil structures. Study the diagrams carefully and the answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the soil structures labeled L and M. (2mks)
L – Platy structure
M – single grained structure
N - prismatic structure. - Give one difference between soil structure K and N. (1mk)
- K – rounded top while N has flat top / clear cut edges / prismatic.
- How can the soil structure labeled M be improved? (1mk)
- Addition of organic matter
- Identify the soil structures labeled L and M. (2mks)
- A plot of land measures 6.6m long by 3.6m wide. This plot is prepared for planting cabbages at a spacing of 60cm by 60cm. the outermost row starts at 30cm from the edges all around the plot. Calculate:
- The number of the rows falling on the width side of the plot. (2mks)
Width = 3.6m
= 3.6m x 100cm = 360cm
= 360 cm – 60cm = 300cm
Number of rows = width + - = 300 + 1 = 6 rows
Spacing 60 - The number of cabbage seedlings that should be planted on the plot. (3mks)
Plant population = Area
Spacing
Area = (6.6 x 3.6 ) cm (30 cm was left along the edges)
= (660 – 60) x (360 – 60) cm
Length side = 600 + 1 = 11 plants
60
Width = 300 + = 6 plants
60
Total seedlings = 11 x 6 = 66 seedlings
- The number of the rows falling on the width side of the plot. (2mks)
- Study the illustrations given below and then answer the questions that follow
- Identify the pests shown by illustrations A and B. (1mk)
- A – seedling cut by cutworm
- B – tomato fruit attacked by bollworm
- State two effective methods of controlling each of the pests labeled A and B.
- A
- flooding (2mks)
- Fumigation of soil with insectcidE
- Physical killing
- B (2mks)
- Early planting
- Destruction of crop residues
- Use of insecticides
- A
- Identify the pests shown by illustrations A and B. (1mk)
Section C (40mks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided.
-
- Outline safety precautions when using herbicides. (12mks)
- One should wear protective clothing such as masks, gloves, overalls and boots.
- Avoid inhaling herbicides by not smoking while spraying / not spraying along direction of wind.
- Read the manufactures instructions and follow them strictly.
- Avoid sucking or blowing blocked nozzles.
- Immediately after handling chemicals the user must wash thoroughly to remove chemical traces.
- Herbicides should be stored in a safe place away from food and out of reach of children.
- Equipments used in herbicide application should not be washed in water sources used by human and animals / to prevent pollution.
- Empty containers and left overs should be properly disposed off in such a way that they will not pose danger to people, animals or the environment.
- Avoid herbicide drift to unintended crops/fields / water sources / spray when weather is calm.
- Avoid chemical spillage in places that are unintended / where it may cause danger to human and animals.
- Equipment used should be washed thoroughly to avoid damage to crops/animals in subsequent operations.
- Avoid eating or handling food before washing.
- Outline physical measures that have been employed in the control of pests. (8mks)
- Use of lethal temperature to kill the pests.
- Flooding drowns and kills the pests.
- Suffocation to kill the pests e.g. Cyprus bins.
- Physical destruction of the pests/trapping and killing e.g use of traps
- Use of scare crows to scare away the pests/scaring.
- Use of physical barriers to prevent infestation by the pests e.g. grease fences, rat guards.
- Use of electromagnetic radiation to kill the pests.
- Drying of grains making them too hard for pests to penetrate and discourage growth of moulds.
- Outline safety precautions when using herbicides. (12mks)
-
- Explain five effects of soil erosion. (5mks)
- Poor yields due to removal of nutrients.
- Uprooting of crops
- Exposes underground water pipes
- Destroys earthen roads
- Removal of top soil which contains nutrients
- Siltation of dams, rivers and streams.
- Creates tourist attraction centres
- Describe the field production of tomatoes from transplanting to harvesting. (15mks)
- Transplant at the beginning of rains / irrigate.
- Transplant when seedlings are one month old/ 4 – 6 true leaves.
- Uproot seedlings carefully to avoid root damage/ use trowel / water before uprooting
- Trim long roots
- Use phosphatic fertilizers when transplanting.
- Rate of 1 teaspoonful / hole D.S.P and a handful of manure.
- Select the vigorous growing seedlings
- Use a spacing of 90-100cm x 50 – 60 cm depending on variety.
- Plant at the same depth as the seedlings were in the nursery.
- Top dress with nitrogenous fertilizer when plants are 25 – 30 cm high.
- Weed control – keep field clean always.
- Pests control e.g. aphids, ball worms, cutworm mite are controlled by appropriate method.
- Staking done to particular varieties e.g. money maker.
- Pruning – lower leaves /infected parts are removed.
- Harvesting selectively as required, red ripe for processing for fresh market harvest when blossom end changes colour.
- Explain five effects of soil erosion. (5mks)
-
- Describe advantages of sub-surface irrigation. (7mks)
- Minimum labour requirement, esp in changing water pipes.
- Can be practiced on both sloppy and flat land.
- No need of constructing dykes, leveling or making level basins.
- Water does not cause erosion because it comes out in small amounts.
- Fungal diseases such as blight are reduced, because water does not accumulate on leaves.
- Economizes on the use of water.
- Minimizes possible theft of pipes.
- Explain contribution of agriculture to National development. (12mks)
- Supply food; provide food to the population to meat nutritional requirements.
- Creates employment opportunities; provide direct employment to laboureres in the farm, and also indirect employment to those people working in agricultural based industries.
- Source of raw materials for industries e.g. cotton lint for textile industry.
- Provides foreign exchange- through exporting agricultural produce.
- Provides market for industrial goods – agriculture is a consumer of the finished goods from agro-based industries.
- Source of income – farmers as well as the government get revenue from the sale of agricultural produce and tax payment.
- Define agriculture. (1mk)
- Agriculture is the art and science of crop and livestock production.
- Describe advantages of sub-surface irrigation. (7mks)
Download Agriculture Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 3 2021.
Tap Here to Download for 50/-
Get on WhatsApp for 50/-
Why download?
- ✔ To read offline at any time.
- ✔ To Print at your convenience
- ✔ Share Easily with Friends / Students