INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
- Answer ALL the questions
- Answers should be written in the spaces provided
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
- What is the phylum X? (1mk)
- Name the classes A, B and C. (3mks)
- State two distinguishing characteristics of mammalian class. (2mks)
- Name the field of science that specializes in the study of members that belong to the class insect. (1mk)
- What are the functions of bile salts during the process of digestion? (2mks)
- State the importance of each of the following to the life of organisms.
- Respiration (1mk)
- Excretion (1mk)
- What are the differences between blood in the pulmonary artery and that in the pulmonary vein? (2mks)
- Name three plant tissues that are involved in support. (3mks)
- State the causative agent and method of transmission of cholera. (2mks)
Causative agent
Mode of transmission - Name the products of light stage in photosynthesis. (3mks)
- What causes the following diseases?
- Diabetes mellitus. (1mk)
- Diabetes insipidus (1mk)
- Name two benefits that a parasite derives from the host. (2mks)
- The diagram below represents a cross section of a plant.
- From which part of the plant was it obtained? (1mk)
- Name the parts labeled A and B. (2mks)
- State the function of part C. (1mk)
-
- What is the role of fungi in an ecosystem? (1mk)
- State four characteristics of fungi. (4mks)
- State the function of the following parts of a light microscope. (2mks)
- Objective lens
- Diaphragm
- State four ways of controlling schistosomiasis. (4mks)
- Distinguish between predation of and parasitism. (4mks)
- The diagram below shows a specified plant cell.
- Name the cell (1mk)
- name the parts ladelled D and E
- State the function of the part labeled C. (1mk)
- State three factors that affect the rate of diffusion. (3mks)
- The diagram below represents a certain organism collected by a student at the sea shore.
- Name the class to which the organism belongs. (1mk)
- Give three reasons for your answer in (a) above. (3mks)
-
- Name the causative agents of the following diseases in humans. (2mks)
- Typhoid
- Amoebic dysentery
- Name the disease in human caused by Plasmodium falciparum. (1mk)
- Name the causative agents of the following diseases in humans. (2mks)
- The diagram below represents a certain plant.
- What is the likely habitat for the plant?
- Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above.
- Describe the three characteristics of a population. (3mks)
- Other than using the quadrant, give two methods of estimating population of grass. (2mks)
- Name three processes that are responsible for loss of energy from one trophic level to the next. (3mks)
- State two ways in which aerenchyma tissues in aquactic plants are adapted to their function (2mks)
- What is meant by the following terms?
- Habitat: (1mk)
- Ecosystem. (1mk)
- Ecology. (1mk)
- Ascaris lumbricoides is an example of an endo-parasite.
- The name Ascaris refers to: -………………………….....................…………… (1mk)
- State the habitat of the organism.........................................................................(1mk)
- State three ways in which the organism is adapted to living in its habitat. (3mks)
-
- Name the process through which free atmospheric nitrogen is converted into nitrates. (1mk)
- Name the bacteria found in the root nodules of leguminous plants. (1mk)
Marking Scheme
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
- What is the phylum X? (1mk)
- Chordata.
- Name the classes A, B and C. (3mks)
- A – Pisces
- B – Amphibian
- C – Reptilia.
- State two distinguishing characteristics of mammalian class. (2mks)
- Have mammary glands.
- Body covered with fur/hair.
- Have pinnae.
- What is the phylum X? (1mk)
- Name the field of science that specializes in the study of members that belong to the class insect. (1mk)
- Entomology.
- What are the functions of bile salts during the process of digestion? (2mks)
- To emulsify fats.
- To provide alkaline conditions for enzyme activities
- State the importance of each of the following to the life of organisms.
- Respiration. (1mk)
- Provide energy.
- Excretion. (1mk)
- Removal of harmful metabolic waste from the body.
- Respiration. (1mk)
- What are the differences between blood in the pulmonary artery and that in the pulmonary vein? (2mks)
Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Blood at higher pressure
Has less oxygen
Dark red colourBlood at lower pressure
Has more oxygen
Bright red colour. - Name three plant tissues that are involved in support. (3mks)
- Parenchyma
- Screlenchyma
- Collenchymas
- Xylem.
- State the causative agent and method of transmission of cholera. (2mks)
- Causative agent: Vibrio cholera
- Method of transmission: through water or contaminated food.
- What are the products of light stage in photosynthesis. (3mks)
- Oxygen.
- Hydrogen.
- Adenosine tri-phosphate.
- What causes the following diseases?
- Diabetes mellitus. (1mk)
- Insufficient secretion of insulin.
- Diabetes insipidus. (1mk)
- Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone.(A.D.H)
- Diabetes mellitus. (1mk)
- Name two benefits that a parasite derives from the host. (2mks)
- Food
- Shelter
- The diagram below represents a cross section of a plant.
- From which part of the plant was it obtained? (1mk)
- Root
- Label A and B. (2mks)
- A – Epidermis
- B – phloem
- State the function of C. (1mk)
- Transport of water and mineral salts.
- From which part of the plant was it obtained? (1mk)
-
- What is the role of fungi in an ecosystem? (1mk)
- Decomposition/Decay
- State four characteristics of fungi. (4mks)
- (Network of) hyphae (which form mycelia – the vegetative body);
- They are Eukaryotic.
- Cell wall made of Chitin or cellulose
- Heterotrophic/no chlorophyll/non chloroplasted/saprophytic/parasitic.
- Food stored as glycogen or oil droplets
- Reproduce by means of spores/sporulation/budding in yeast.
- What is the role of fungi in an ecosystem? (1mk)
- State the function of the following parts of a light microscope. (2mks)
- Objective lens.
- Magnification of the object/image/specimen
- Diaphragm
- Regulates/adjust/control amount of light on microscope.
- Objective lens.
- State four ways of controlling schistosomiasis. (4mks)
- Drain stagnant water.
- Spray water with molluscides.
- Avoid walking through/ in stagnant water bare feet/ use high boots.
- Proper sanitation /deep latrines.
- Distinguish between predation of and parasitism. (4mks)
- Predation is a relationship where by a predator kills another organism; and eats it wholly or partly.
- Parasitism is a relationship where by the parasite obtains food from a host; without necessarily killing it.
- The diagram below shows a specified plant cell.
- Name the cell. (1mk)
- Root hair (cell)
- Name the parts labeled D and E. (4mks)
- D – Cell wall
- E – Cell sap or sap vacuole.
- State the function of the part labeled C. (1mk)
- Controls the functioning of the cell or controls cell activities.
- Name the cell. (1mk)
- State three factors that affect the rate of diffusion. (3mks)
- Surface area to the volume ratio.
- Size of the molecules.
- Thickness of a membrane.
- Temperature.
- Concentration gradient.
- The diagram below represents a certain organism collected by a student at the sea shore.
- Name the class to which the organism belongs. (1mk)
- Crustacean
- Give three reasons for your answer in (a) above. (3mks)
- Two body parts where head and thorax fuse to form cephalothorax.
- Two pairs of antennae; have compound eyes.
- Have five pairs of limbs/ 5-20 pairs of limbs rej. Legs.
- Have external gills. (first three)
- Name the class to which the organism belongs. (1mk)
-
- Name the causative agents of the following diseases in humans. (2mks)
- Typhoid.
- Salmonellatyphi
- Amoebic dysentery.
- Entamoebahistolyca.
- Typhoid.
- Name the disease in human caused by Plasmodium falciparum. (1mk)
- malaria
- Name the causative agents of the following diseases in humans. (2mks)
- The diagram below represents a certain plant.
- What is the likely habitat for the plant? (1mk)
- Dry/arid/semi-arid/desert/semi-desert.
- Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above. (2mks)
- Succulent /fleshy stem.
- Reduced leaves/ leaves reduced into thorns / spines.
Acc: Thick stems for storage of water.
- What is the likely habitat for the plant? (1mk)
- Describe the three characteristics of a population. (3mks)
- Population density – this is the number of organisms per unit area or volume.
- Dispersion – is the spread or distribution of organism in a habitat.
- Population rate – Refers to the rate of increase or decrease in number of individuals in a population.
- Other than using the quadrant, give two methods of estimating population of grass. (2mks)
- Belt transect.
- Line transect
- Name three processes that are responsible for loss of energy from one trophic level to the next.
- Respiration
- Defecation
- Excretion
- State two ways in which aerenchyma tissues in aquactic plants are adapted to their function.
- Large air spaces; store a lot of air which makes the plant buoyant/for gaseous exchange.
- Thin walled for easy diffusion of gases.
- What is meant by the following terms?
- Habitat: (1mk)
- Place /environment in which organisms live.
- Ecosystem. (1mk)
- A natural unit with a biotic and biotic factors.
- Ecology. (1mk)
- This is the study of the inter-relationship between organisms and their environment.
- Habitat: (1mk)
- Ascaris lumbricoides is an example of an endo-parasite.
- The name Ascaris refers to: -…genus … (1mk)
- State the habitat of the organism. (1mk)
- Ileum/colon/duodenum/intestine/of humans or intestines of pig.
- State three ways in which the organism is adapted to living in its habitat. (3mks)
- Lack of elaborate alimentary canal (simple guts) hence suck digested food.
- Can tolerate low oxygen concentration.
- Thick cuticle to prevent digestion by enzymes.
- Lays many eggs to increase chances of survival.
- Mouth parts for sucking partly digested food.
-
- Name the process through which free atmospheric nitrogen is converted into nitrates. (1mk)
- Nitrogen fixation.
- Name the bacteria found in the root nodules of leguminous plants.(1mk)
- Rhizobium.
- Name the process through which free atmospheric nitrogen is converted into nitrates. (1mk)
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