History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 1 Exams 2021

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INSTRUCTIONS:

  • Answer all questions in section A, three questions in section B and two questions in section C.

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.

  1. State the main characteristic of the stone age era. (1 mk)
  2. Identify the methods of irrigation used by early Egyptian farmers. (2 mks)
  3. State two results of the interaction between the Shona and the Ndebele during the pre-colonial period. (2 mks)
  4. Identify the main features of colonial rule in Zimbabwe. (2 mks)
  5. State the most important unifying item of the Asante Kingdom in the left 19th century.(1 mk)
  6. Mention two early forms of written communication. (2 mks)
  7. State the two main duties of the Indigenous rulers in Northern Nigeria. (2 mks)
  8. State one main reason for the use of barter trade in the Trans-Saharan trade. (1 mk)
  9. What name was given to Kinjeketile’s whispering campaign of spreading his ideas during the Maji maji rebellion. (1 mk)
  10. State two factors that influenced the Neolithic revolution. (2 mks)
  11. Who is credited with the invention of the cotton gain? (1 mk)
  12. Identify two types of Monarchical government. (2 mks)
  13. How does Jean Jacques Rousseau define government? (1 mk)
  14. Give one scientific discovery in the field of medicine in the 19th century. (1 mk)
  15. Give one physical feature of Austrolopithecus Boisei. (1 mk)
  16. Identify two places where Olduwan tools were found. (2 mks)
  17. Give one problem experienced by using steam for energy. (1 mk)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

  1.  
    1. Identify three advantages of space exploration. (3 mks)
    2. Explain six economic effects of modern road transport. (12 mks)
  2.  
    1. Give five reasons for the failure of the Maji maji rebellion. (5 mks)
    2. Explain five reforms introduced by Germans after the Maji maji uprising. (10 mks)
  3.  
    1. State three factors leading to development of Athens. (3 mks)
    2. Discuss the impact of Agrarian and Industrial development on urbanization.
      (12 mks)
  4.  
    1. Give three reasons for the coming of missionaries to Africa. (3 mks)
    2. Discuss six obstacles missionaries encountered in spreading Christianity. (12 mks)

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

  1.  
    1. Give five factors for the failure of assimilation policy in French West Africa.
      (5 mks)
    2. Explain the effects of British rule in Zimbabwe. (10 mks)
  2.  
    1. State three factors that have led to growth of Johannesburg. (3 mks)
    2. Identify six problems facing industrialization in South Africa. (12 mks)
  3.  
    1. State three functions of the Katikiro of Buganda during the pre-colonial period.
      (3 mks)
    2. Describe the social organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial period. (12 mks)


Marking Scheme

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.

  1. State the main characteristic of the stone age era. (1 mk)
    • It is the period when urban man widely used stone tools.
  2. Identify the methods of irrigation used by early Egyptian farmers. (2 mks)
    • Shadoof irrigation
    • Canal irrigation
  3. State two results of the interaction between the Shona and the Ndebele during the pre-colonial period. (2 mks)
    • The Ndebele adopted Shona God Mwari
    • Shona became Ndebele’s subject
  4. Identify the main features of colonial rule in Zimbabwe. (2 mks)
    • Racial discrimination against Africans
    • Excessive oppression and suppression of the Africans by the Biritish administration.
  5. State the most important unifying item of the Asante Kingdom in the left 19th century.(1 mk)
    • Golden stool
  6. Mention two early forms of written communication. (2 mks)
    • Scrolls
    • Skins
    • Stone tablets
    • Rock paintings
  7. State the two main duties of the Indigenous rulers in Northern Nigeria. (2 mks)
    • To collect taxes from the people for the colonial government.
    • To act as the agents of the colonial administration in maintenance of peace, law and order.
  8. State one main reason for the use of barter trade in the Trans-Saharan trade. (1 mk)
    • The existence of language barrier between the trading parties.
  9. What name was given to Kinjeketile’s whispering campaign of spreading his ideas during the Maji maji rebellion. (1 mk)
    • Njwiywia or jujila
  10. State two factors that influenced the Neolithic revolution. (2 mks)
    • The increased human population could not be catered for by the environment.
    • Climate changes such as drought.
    • Inadequate wild food due to competition between man and wild animals.
    • Hunting and gathering had become tiresome.
  11. Who is credited with the invention of the cotton gain? (1 mk)
    • Eli Whitney
  12. Identify two types of Monarchical government. (2 mks)
    • Absolute monarchy
    • Constitutional monarchy
  13. How does Jean Jacques Rousseau define government? (1 mk)
    • Government is an intermediate body set up by the subjects to ensure equity and the execution of laws while maintaining social and political liberty.
  14. Give one scientific discovery in the field of medicine in the 19th century. (1 mk)
    • Discovery of the principle of vaccinations
    • Pasteurization process.
    • Prevent pain in surgical operations.
    • Use of antiseptic in surgical operations.
  15. Give one physical feature of Austrolopithecus Boisei. (1 mk)
    • Brain capacity of 500 – 800cc
    • Was about 5ft tall.
    • His teeth and jaw resembled modern man.
  16. Identify two places where Olduwan tools were found. (2 mks)
    • Olduvai Gorge - Morocco
    • Koosi For a - Tunisia
    • Omo River valley - Algeria
  17. Give one problem experienced by using steam for energy. (1 mk)
    • Not easily controllable
    • Environmental unfriendly
    • It is expensive
    • Not reliable as it depends on availability of coals

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

  1.  
    1. Identify three advantages of space exploration. (3 mks)
      • It enhances human understanding of the universe
      • It has led to development of advanced air defence system.
      • It has enhanced effective mapping and surveillance.
      • It has encouraged space tourism.
      • It has facilitated scientific and technical development.
    2. Explain six economic effects of modern road transport. (12 mks)
      • Roads have promoted trade within and between countries.
      • Development of urban centres has occurred along the roads.
      • Roads earn the foreign exchange.
      • Creation of employment opportunities in motor vehicle industry, construction and road maintenance.
      • It has facilitated transport of raw materials to factories and finished products to markets.
      • It has promoted tourism as tourists can stop and view the wildlife in game reserves and parks.
      • Movement of people from one part of the world to another has become faster and easier.
  2.  
    1. Give five reasons for the failure of the Maji maji rebellion. (5 mks)
      • The Germans had superior weapons and were more skilled in war.
      • Failure of the magic water expected to immunize people against bullets.
      • Lack of unity among fighting groups e.g Matumbi revolted before others were ready.
      • The capture and execution of African leaders e.g. Kinjeketile and Mpanda
      • Germans recovered reinforcement from Somalia and Sudan.
      • Famine in 1907 which made people abandon the war.
    2. Explain five reforms introduced by Germans after the Maji maji uprising. (10 mks)
      • Corporal punishment was abolished.
      • Germans begin to rule through some recognized traditional chief
      • They stopped forced labour.
      • Communal cotton growing was stopped.
      • Africans were involved in administration as akidas and jumbe
      • Newspapers that incited settlers against Africans were censured.
      • Kiswahili became an official language.
  3.  
    1. State three factors leading to development of Athens. (3 mks)
      • Commerce and trade since it had poor soil led to its development.
      • Town was secured from external attacks i.e. surrounded by rivers and mountains.
      • Had a strong army to offer protection.
      • It was a cultural centre, people came here for theatre
      • Developed because it was a centre for education.
      • Developed as a centre for worship.
    2. Discuss the impact of Agrarian and Industrial development on urbanization. (12 mks)
      • Agrarian revolution led to many peasants immigrating to the USA due to landlessness this expanded urban centres.
      • Agrarian revolution led to increase in food, thus increased population and populated settlements became urban centres.
      • Domestication of plants and animals led to settled life and there settlements developed into urban areas.
      • Production of surplus food led to trade – trading centres became towns.
      • Development of mines during the industrial revolution led to development of urban centres around mines.
      • Ports used to export and import items developed into urban centres.
  4.  
    1. Give three reasons for the coming of missionaries to Africa. (3 mks)
      • To explore Africa
      • As traders
      • To spread Christianity
    2. Discuss six obstacles missionaries encountered in spreading Christianity. (12 mks)
      • Hostile African communities who would not accommodate them tropical diseases such as
      • malaria killed them discouraging others from coming to Africa.
      • The existence of language barrier between them and Africans.
      • Islamic influence especially at the Coast of East Africa.
      • Lack of existing transport and communication network.
      • Desertion by their partners and other workers.

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

  1.  
    1. Give five factors for the failure of assimilation policy in French West Africa.
      (5 mks)
      • A section of French population objected the idea of assimilation because they regarded Africans as a source of cheap labour.
      • French public saw Africans as posing unnecessary competition with the whites in labour market.
      • It proved expensive to French government (public was unwilling to pay tax to meet colonial infrastructure.
      • Language diversity.
      • French legal system based on diverse customary laws.
      • African chiefs were forced to follow French legal system.
      • Little or no regard for African traditional laws.
      • Administrators were arrogant and corrupt.
      • African elites launched campaigns seeking recognition.
    2. Explain the effects of British rule in Zimbabwe. (10 mks)
      • Alternation of land
      • African indigenous rulers lost their power
      • Africans were subjected to intense economic exploitation
      • African were subjected to intense economic exploitation
      • Availability of cheap labour for white settlers’ farms
      • Erosion of African culture
      • Rise of African nationalism
      • Transport, trade and industry development in white lands.
  2.  
    1. State three factors that have led to growth of Johannesburg. (3 mks)
      • Johannesburg is situated on a plain making building easier.
      • Availability of energy sources e.g. coal
      • The vocal river has provided water for domestic and industrial use.
      • Existence of minerals e.g gold has enhanced her growth.
    2. Identify six problems facing industrialization in South Africa. (12 mks)
      • Economic sanctions by the UN during the apartheid regime prevented industrialization.
      • The struggle to end apartheid regime was violent creating an atmosphere not conducive for investment.
      • Competition from more developed counties.
      • Rampant industrial strikes slow down the process of industrialization.
      • High poverty levels hence low purchasing power.
      • High level of insecurity which discouraged potential inventors.
      • HIV and AIDS has ravaged the country’s labour force.
  3.  
    1. State three functions of the Katikiro of Buganda during the pre-colonial period.
      (3 mks)
      • He organized tax collection
      • Organised public works
      • Planned wars in Kabaka’s name
      • Had to protect the Kabaka during war.
      • it was his duty to inform the kabaka of the decisions he made on court issues.
    2. Describe the social organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial period. (12 mks)
      • Believed in one God called Mwari
      • The Mwari Mutapa was regarded a divine King and therefore he was venerated.
      • The Rowezi clan provided priests who conducted the worship of Mwari by offering sacrifice to him.
      • Believed in ancestral spirits.
      • The family was the basic unit of the Shona society headed by the father.
      • They were polygamous
      • Were organized into clans consisting of related families
      • Marriage between members of the same clan was forbidden
      • They had pertained system of kingship
      • Had a system of age-sets and age-group
      • They lived in stone buildings.
      • Villages were protected from attacks by a thorn fence called homa.
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