Agriculture Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 1 Exams 2021

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

  • Answer ALL the questions

SECTION A (30 marks)

  1. Mention four factors that determine the depth of planting in crop production. (2mks)
  2. State four benefits of a good soil structure. (2mks)
  3. State four factors to be considered in sitting nursery bed. (2mks)
  4. Give four advantages of shifting cultivation. (2mks)
  5. Name four factors influencing soil formation. (2mks)
  6. Define the term drainage. (1mk)
  7. Give any three tertiary operations carried out during land preparation. (1 ½mks)
  8. State three forms in which soil water exists. (1 ½ mks)
  9. In farming under what conditions is opportunity cost zero. (1mk)
  10. What are the deficiency symptoms of sulphur? (1½ mks)
  11. Name the vegetative materials used in the establishment of the following crops.
    1. Bananas     (½ mk)
    2. Pineapples   (½ mk)
    3. Sisal   (½ mk)
  12. State four advantages for planting potatoes in a ridged seedbed. (2mks)
  13. State four reasons for pruning. (2mks)
  14. What is organic farming? (1mk)
  15. Give reasons for carrying each of the following practices in tomatoes nursery. (2mks)
    1. Pricking out
    2. Hardening off
  16. State two problems that may be brought by a hard pan. (1mk)
  17. Give four advantages of tissue culture. (2 marks)
  18. State four properties of soil influenced by its texture. (2 marks)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions from this section in the spaces provided.

  1. The diagram below shows a method of layering. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
             F3ET1PP1agrQ19
    1. Identify the method of layering illustrated above. (1mk)
    2. State one circumstance in which the method of layering indicated above is recommended. (1 mk)
    3. Maize requires 120kg/ha of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). How much of the compound fertilizer20:20:10 would be applied to 0.4 hectare of land to achieve this rate. (show your working). (2 marks)
    4. Distinguish between straight fertilizers and compound fertilizers. (2 marks)
  2. The diagram below shows a cabbage seedling which has been attacked by a certain pest.
                                                                                                                                                            F3ET1PP1agrQ20
    1. Identify the pest   (1 mark)
    2. State three methods of controlling the above pest (3 marks)
    3. State four methods of harvesting water on the farm. (4marks)
  3. The diagram below illustrates a field management practice carried out to a fruit crop
           F3ET1PP1AgrQ21
    1.  
      1. Identify the practice illustrated above. (1mark)
      2. Give three reasons for carrying out the practice illustrated in the above diagram. (3marks)
    2. Give a reason why it is not advisable to use manure in carrot production. (1mark)

SECTION C (40 MARKS)
Answer only two questions in this section in the spaces provided.

  1.  
    1. Describe the methods used in preparing materials in readiness for planting.
      (8 marks)
    2. Explain the factors that may determine spacing of crop in the farm (8 marks)
    3. Explain briefly the factors that influence timely planting. (4marks)
  2.  
    1. State and explain the uses of farm records to a farmer (10mks)
    2. Explain how the following land reforms are carried out
      1. Land consolidation (5mks)
      2. Land adjudication and registration (5mks)
  3.  
    1. Describe the environmental conditions that may lead to low crop yield (5mks)
    2. Explain the factors of cultural methods of soil and water conservation (10mks)
    3. Give five advantages of overhead irrigation (5mks)


Marking Scheme

SECTION A (30MARKS)

  1. Factors determining depth of planting.
    • Size of the seed
    • Type of germination
    • Moisture availability
    • Type of soil
      4 x ½
  2. Four benefits of soil structure in crop production.
    • Hold more moisture for crop production.
    • Well drained/have better infiltration.
    • Allow better root and tuber expansion.
    • Allow better root penetration for nutrients and moisture uptake.
    • Allow plant anchorage
      4 x ½
  3. Factors considered in siting a nursery bed.
    • Security
    • Drainage
    • fertility of the soil
    • Topography
      (4 x ½ = 2 mks)
  4. Advantages of shifting cultivation.
    • Lower capital investment.
    • No disease and pest build up.
    • Maintains soil structure.
    • No land disputes as land is not individualized.
  5. Factors influencing soil formation.
    • Topography
    • Time
    • Climate factors
    • Biotic factors
    • Parent rock material
  6. Drainage is a method of removing excess water from a marshy water logged land.
    Drainage is the practice of lowering water table from a marshy water logged land.
    (1 mk)
  7. Tertiary operations
    • Ridging
    • Levelling
    • Rolling Check spellings
      (3 x ½ - 1 ½ mk)
  8. Forms in which soil water exists.
    • Hygroscopic water
    • Superfluous water
    • Capillary water
      (3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
  9. In farming under what condition is opportunity cost zero
    • When there are no alternatives (1 x 1 = 1mk)
  10. Deficiency symptoms of sulphur.
    • Stunted growth
    • Drying back of plant tips
    • Blossom end rot in tomatoes
      (3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
  11.  
    1. Bananas – suckers ( ½ mk)
    2. Pineapples – crowns /slips/suckers (½ mk)
    3. Sisal – bulbs (½ mk)
  12. Why ridging is done in potatoes production.
    • Facilitate tuber expansion.
    • Conserve moisture around the crop.
    • Control soil erosion.
    • For easier harvesting.
      (4 x ½ = 2 mk)
  13. Reasons for pruning
    • Allow enough light penetration
    • Improve quality produce
    • Reduce pests and diseases
    • Enable effective use of chemical sprays
    • Train the crop to have the required shape
      (4 x ½ = 2 mks)
  14. Organic farming is the growing of crops and raising of livestock without the use of agro chemicals.    (1 x 1)
  15.  
    1. Pricking out – Enable seedling to grow vigorously and health/ to avoid overcrowding in the primary nursery
    2. Hardening off – to enable seedlings get used to actual field condition.
      (2 x 1 = 2 mks)
  16. Problems of hard pan
    • Poor aeration
    • Prevent root penetration
    • Leads to accumulation of salts
    • Hinders activation of soil organisms
    • Poor water infiltration/water logging
      (4 x ½ = 2 mks)
  17. Advantages of tissue culture.
    • The plantlets developed maintain parental characteristics e.g. uniformity.
    • Disease free plants are obtained.
    • Mass production of planting materials.
    • High yielding crop clones are produced.
      (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  18. Properties of soil influenced by soil texture.
    • Soil porosity/aeration.
    • Drainage.
    • Permeability, hence water retention capacity.
    • Capillarity, hence water distribution.
    • Stickers of the soil.
    • Cation exchange capacity hence soil PH.
      (4 x ½ = 2mks)

SECTION B(20MARKS)

  1.  
    1. Marcotting/ aerial layering. (1mark)
    2. When the branch is hard and cannot bend to reach the ground. (1mark)
    3. 20kg of P2OS is contained in 100kgs of 20,20, 0
      Therefore 120kg of P2OS will be contained in (120×100)= 600kg of 20:20:10
                                                                              20
      1 acre of maize requires 600kg of 20:20:10.
      Therefore ,(0.4 ×600)= 240kg of 20:20:10
    4. Straight fertilizer has only one major nutrient while compound fertilizer has two or more major nutrients.
  2.  
    1. Cut worm.(1mark)
    2.  
      • Use of appropriate insecticides.
      • Physically by picking and killing.
      • Crop rotation
        Any 2x1=2marks
    3.  
      • Use of weirs and dams.
      • Use of ponds.
      • Rock catchments.
      • Roof catchments.
      • Use of retention ditches.
      • Use of micro-catchments
  3.  
    1.  
      1. Identify the practice illustrated above (1mk)
        • Trellishing
      2. Give three reasons for carrying out the practice illustrated in the above diagram. (3mks)
        • To produce clean fruits
        • To control soil borne diseases
        • To facilitate harvesting
    2. Reason why it is not advisable to use manure in carrot production (1mk)
      • It is not advisable to use manure in carrot production because manure encourage forking/ reduce the quality of carrot

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

  1.  
    1.  
      • Breaking seed dormancy
      • Burning the seeds
      • Scarification/physical breaking of seed coat
      • Seeds subjected to heat to destroy hard coat
      • Soaking in acid and washing in running water Stating 1mk explanation-1mk Any 4=(8mks)
    2.  
      • Purpose of the crop
      • Soil moisture content
      • Fertility status of the soil
      • Growth of the crops
      • Type of machine used
      • Number of seeds per hole
      • Disease/pest/weed control method
        Naming 8× 1/2 mks=4 mks
        Explaining 8×1/2mks=4 mks
        Total=8 mks
    3.  
      • Purpose of the crop
      • Market method
      • Concentration of chemical required e.g. tea
      • Weather conditions
        (4×1=4 mks)
  2.  
    1. Uses of farm records
      • They help to determine the value of the farm in terms of assets and liabilities
      • They are used in income tax assessment
      • They are used for reference/show history of the farm
      • They help in planning and budgeting
      • They help to determine the credit worthiness of a farmer
      • They help to determine losses and detect theft on the farm
      • They assist when sharing profits and losses in partnerships
      • They help to settle disputes among heirs
      • They help to support insurance claims
      • They provide labour information like terminal benefits, NSSF remittances and SACCO dues
      • They help in proper management of routine livestock and crop management practices
      • They are used to compare the performance of different enterprises in the farm
        (Any 10 x 1 = 10 marks)
    2.  
      1. Land consolidation
        • Involves putting together of fragmented pieces of land under one holding
        • The ownership of individual land is established
        • The land is surveyed and measured to establish the sizes of all the parcels belonging to an individual farmer
        • The fragments are put together into one holding/around the biggest or most developed
        • The registration of the holding is done at the district land registry/ registration by land registrars
        • Land title deed/land certificate is issued under one holding
          5 x 1 = 5mks
      2. Land adjudication and registration
        • Ownership of land within a specified area is established
        • Land is surveyed / measured
        • Detailed maps showing existing boundaries of the land are drawn by surveyors
        • The land is recorded against individual owners
        • The maps and records of the land are submitted to district land registry
        • The land is registered
        • Title deeds/certificates are issued
          (Any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
  3.  
    1.  
      1. Less rainfall/unreliable rainfall/too much rainfall
      2. Poor soil type/water logging/excessive leaching
      3. Inappropriate soil PH
      4. Pests attack
      5. Inappropriate temperatures
      6. Excessive wind
      7. Extreme humidity
      8. Pest and disease attack
      9. Poor weed control
      10. Hail storm/frost attack
        (Any 7 x 1 = 7mks)
    2.  
      • Use of grass strips/filter strips
      • Cover cropping
      • Contour farming
      • Mulching
      • Cropping systems e.g. crop rotation, rational grazing etc
      • Strip cropping
      • Grassed/vegelated water ways
      • Forestation/reforestation
      • Agro-forestry
      • Minimum tillage
        (Each 10 x 1 = 10mks)
    3.  
      • Water is evenly distributed
      • Less water wastage
      • Can be practiced in sloppy grounds
      • Foliar fertilizer can be applied
      • Easily moved
        (Each 5 x 1 = 5mks)
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