Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 1 Exams 2021

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Agriculture Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 1 Exams 2021

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

Answer ALL the questions
Answers should be written in the spaces provided

SECTION A ( 30MARKS)

Name three types of dairy goats reared in Kenya (1½)
1. What is raddling in sheep management
2. Give two reasons for raddling in sheep management (1mk)
Give three advantages of contemporary comparison method in selection of livestock (1½)
Give two reasons for spreading a polythene paper (pvc) on the slab of a permanent farm building (2mks)
Name three types of Fresh warm water fish reared in Kenya (1½ mks)
1. Give three disadvantages of inbreeding in cattle production (1½mks)
2. Give three advantages of embryo transplant in cattle (1½mks)
Name the farm tools used for each of the following operations listed below.
1. Tightening barbed wire during fencing........(½ mark)
2. Smoothening of concrete floors.........(½ mark)
3. Giving liquid drugs to livestock through the mouth ......(½ mark)
4. Sharpening the teeth of across-cut saw..........(½ mark)
List four factors considered when making a choice of building materials. (2 marks)
What is cropping in fish farming? (½ mark)
State three methods of disbudding young calves. (1½marks)
State two reasons why calves should be housed singly . (1 mark)
Name one intermediate hosts for each of the following.
1. Tapeworm(Taenia spp).......(½ mark)
2. Liver fluke(Fasciola spp)..........(½ mark)
Name four disease predisposing factors outside an animal’s body. (2 marks)
State four factors that determine the amount of water a beef animal can take .
(2 marks)
State the function of any six parts of a zero grazing unit in dairy farming. (2 marks)
1. Name the tool used for shearing wool sheep. ..........(½ marks)
2. State three practices carried out during tupping season in sheep management. (1½ marks)
State three functions of carbohydrates in livestock nutrition. (1½ marks)

SECTION B 20 MARKS

Below are illustrations of farm tools and equipment.
1. Identify the tool labelled A and B
  A (1 mark)
  B (1 mark)
2. State the advantage of tool B over tool C (1 mark)
3. State two maintenance practices carried out on tool labelled B. (2 marks)
Below is a farm structure. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the farm structure above ................(1 mark)
2. State the requirement of the part labelled X (1 mark)
3. State three maintenance practices that should be carried on the structure.
  (3 marks)
A dairy farmer prepared 1000kg of feed (20%DCP) from the following feedstuffs:
Oats – 10% DCP , Simsim seedcake 60% DCP
1. Calculate the amount of each feedstuff used using Pearson’s square method. (3marks)
2. Classify the following feedstuffs as either roughage or concentrate. (2marks)
  1. Bone meal
  2. Silage
Study the diagram below of a farm structure and answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the parts labelled A, B, and C. (3 marks)
2. Name two chemical preservatives that can be used to treat the wooden part of the above structure against fungi and insect attack. (2marks)

SECTION C 40 MARKS
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided.

1. Describe six signs of farrowing in a sow. [6mks.]
2. Explain six benefits of the Kenya top bar hive. [6mks.]
3. Explain eight factors considered when siting farm structures. [8mks.]
1. State and explain five reasons for keeping livestock. (10 marks)
2. Describe factors considered when selecting a gilt for breeding. (6 marks)
3. Name four systems of breeding used to improve livestock. (4 marks)
1. Describe ten general methods of disease control in livestock. (10marks)
2. Describe the advantages of fences. (10 marks)

Marking Scheme

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

- Saanen
- Toggen burg
- Anglo-Nubian
- Jamnapari
- British Alpine
  ( ½ x3= 1 ½ mks)
1. A Practice of flitting the rams with breeding chutes which are painted in different colours during breeding/application of coloured dye on the brisket of the rams during breeding,(1mk)
2. Reasons for raddling
  - Helps to identify ewes that have been served by individual/specific ram.
  - Helps to identify ewes and rams which are infertile
  - Helps to identify active rams.
    ( ½ x2=1mk)
- It is possible to compare animals with different age group since heifer locations are used
- It eliminates difference brought about by the environment since average performance of the herd is used.
- It is possible to make direct comparision of bulls and different artificial insermination centres since the environmental differences are removed.
- It is accurate method that can be used accurately in large herds of animals.
- ( 1 x ½ =1 ½ mks)
- To prevent moisture from rising up
- To prevent coldness from ascending to the floor surface.
- To control termites from rising up and damaging the floor. ( ½ x 2 =1mk)
- Tilapia
- Carps
- Black bass
- Cat fish
- Blue gill
- Nile perch
  ( 3 x ½ = 1 ½ )
1. - It brings loss of hybrid vigour
  - May lead to decline in fertility which leads to species extinctions.
  - Proving about reaction in performance
  - Leads to high rates of parental mortality
    ( ½ x 3=1 ½ mks)
2. - It is possible to implant embryo from a high quality female to less valuable female hence improve performance of offspring.
  - It stimulates milk production in a female that was not ready to produce milk.
  - A highly productive female can be spread over a large area to benefit many females.
  - It is easy to transport embryo in test tubes than the whole animal.
  - Embryos can be stored for long period awaiting availability of recipient female
    ( 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
Farm tools used for each of the following operations listed below
1. Tightening barbed wire during fencing
  - Wire strainer /monkey winch
2. Smoothening of concrete floors
  - Steel float
3. Giving liquid drugs to livestock through the mouth
  - Drenching gun
4. Sharpening the teeth of across-cut saw
  - Triangular file
    4x ½ = 2 marks
Factors considered when making a choice of building materials
- Availability of the material
- Durability of the material
- Workability of the material
- Suitability of the prevailing weather
- Use of the structure in relation to the material
- Strength of the material (2marks)
Cropping-removal of marketable size/mature fish from the pod (1mark)
- Use of dehorning iron
- Dehorning collodion
- Use of caustic potash stick
  3 x ½ = (1½ marks)
- Prevent calves licking each other leading to formation of hair balls in the lumen
- Reduces risks of worms and disease spread
- Reduce risk of injury
  2 x ½ = (1mark)
1. Tape worm-intermediate host –Cattle or pig
2. Liver fluke - Fresh water snail
  2 x ½ = (1mark)
Disease predisposing factors outside an animal’s body
- Contact with sick animals
- Poor housing / overcrowding
- Attack by external parasites
- Poor nutrition
- Unfavorable climatic factors e.g. extreme temperatures. Any 4x½ = 2mark
Factors determining amount of water a beef animal should take
- Ambient temperature (rej.‘temperature’ alone or body temperature)
- Type of food eaten.
- Body size or weight.
- Physiological status e.g. pregnancy, health condition.
  4x ½ = 2marks
The various parts of a zero grazing unit in dairy farming are:
1. Milking stall - restraining cows during milking
2. Calf pen - rearing calf up to weaning
3. Sleeping cubicles - provide shelter and warmth
4. Loafing area/walking area -dunging, feeding, exercise and sunning.
5. Feed and water troughs – feeding and watering the animals
6. Feed preparation room – preparing feed rations and chopping fodder.
7. Store - storing/keeping dairy equipments/feeds
8. Manure storage area and storage of manure
9. Milk recording room – recording manure individual milk production.
1. Wool shears. (rej. Shears alone)
2. 1. Ringing-removal of wool around the penis sheath.
  2. Crutching-Removal of wool around the anus and vulva.
  3. Flushing-providing high quality feeds/concentrates of sheep a few days to mating.
  4. Raddling-Application of colored paste/tupping paste on the underside of the ram so that it leaves the color on the ewe it mounts.
- Metabolized to release energy.
- For synthesis of products such as milk, meat, eggs.
- Excess carbohydrates are converted into fat and stored for later production of energy.
  3x ½ = 1½marks

SECTION B 20 MARKS

1. A-Ring spanner
  B-Open ended spanner
2. Has an adjusting nut which is used to close/open the jaws depending on the size of the nut to be opened or tightened. (1x1=1mk)
3. - Apply grease to rotating part
  - Store properly in a tool rack
1. Calf pen
2. Have slatted floor (1x1=1)
3. - Should be clean.
  - Leaking roof repaired
  - Walls to be white washed to prevent lead poisoning
  - Keep dry and warm by placing dry litter. (any 3x1=3mks)
1. Amount of oats = ⁴⁰/₅₀ x 1000kg
  = 800kg of oats ½mk
  Amount of simsim = ¹⁰/₅₀x 1000kg
  = 200kg of simsim ½mk
2. Classifying feedstuffs as either roughage or concentrate
  1. Bone meal - Concentrate(1mk)
  2. Silage - Roughage( 1mk)
1. Parts labelled as A, B, and C
  - A- Cross tie
  - B- Strut
  - C- Rafter
    (3x1=3mks)
2. - old engine oil
  - copper sulphate
  - sodium dichromate
  - arsenic pentoxide

SECTION C (40 MARKS)
Answer any TWO questions from this section in the spaces provided.

1. Signs of farrowing in a sow
  - Restlessness of a sow
  - Enlarged vulva
  - Muscles slacken on either side of the tail
  - Loss of appetite
  - Enlarged udder and teats
  - Making a nest at a corner
  - Presence of milk in the teats. [6marks]
2. Benefits of top bar hive
  - Bars can be removed for inspection
  - Honey combs can be removed without disturbing the brood
  - High quality honey is achieved without combs
  - More wax is harvested
  - Easy to construct and repair
  - Queen excluder separates the brood from honey
  - Cheap to construct .[6mks]
3. Factors considered when siting farm strucutres
  - Location of the farmstead should be at the central position of the farm
  - All the farm structures should be accessible
  - All structures should be well drained
  - Stenchy enterprises like piggery, compost pit, poultry unit, silo should be on the leeward of the homestead
  - Structures that are related should be close to one another for the efficiency of labour
  - Farmers tastes and preferences should be considered like sheltering the homestead or improving the panorama
  - Amenities like water and electricity should be close to the homestead
  - All structures should be constructed on a gently sloping piece of land
  - Structures should be constructed on infertile land so that crops are established on fertile ground .
  - Structures should be secure by being built close to the homestead. [8marks]
1. uses of livestock
  - source of food-animal products like meat and milk, are used as food
  - source of energy-Animal dung is used to generate biogas used for domestic activities e.g lighting and cooking
  - source of income-when products of animals are sold or livestock themselves, they create income
  - provision of raw materials —products like skin/hide can be used in leather industries
  - provision of farm power- animal like oxen can be used to provide power in the farm
  - provision of organic manure
  - cultural uses such as payment of dowry or slaughtered during ceremonies 5x2=10mks
2. Factors considered in selecting a gilt for breeding
  - maturity-should be of appropriate age of 6-7 months
  - Good mothering ability
  - Should be fast growing to reach maturity early
  - Should have good body conformation
  - Should be free from physical defects
  - Should be healthy
  - Should have ability to withstand various stresses eg during heat 6x 1=6mks
3. systems of breeding
  - Cross breeding
  - Upgrading
  - Inbreeding
  - Out crossing
    (4 x 1 = 4 marks)
1. General methods of disease control in livestock.
  - Use of prophylactic drugs – Animals are given drug routinely to control certain diseases e.g. chicken are given.
  - Use of antiseptic and disinfectants: They contain germicidal chemicals e.g. elecauning poultry or calf pen with disinfectant help control certain diseases/maintain hygiene’s.
  - Quarantine – during an outbreak of certain notifiable disease like foot and mouth disease. Livestock movement is restricted to avoid spread of diseases.
  - Isolation – Animals suffering from certain dangerous disease e.g. scours and brucullosis are isolated to prevent the spread of the disease to the healthy ones.
  - Mass slaughter/culling: Animals suffering from certain dangerous diseases e.g. zoonotic disease like anthrax should be slaughtered in mass to eliminate the disease.
  - Vaccination: Animals are usually vaccinated against certain diseases e.g. lumpy skin disease/black quarter.
  - Control of vectors – Diseases carrying parasites e.g. Tsetse fly are controlled by spraying with appropriate chemicals or bush clearing to control diseases like nagana.
  - Use of healthy breeding stock/AI healthy breeding stock or use AI help to prevent breeding diseases like brucellosis.
  - Proper nutrition – well nourished animals are healthy and do not suffer from nutritional diseases like anaemia in piglets.
  - Drenching/control of internal parasite. Internal parasites may cause diseases.
  - Keeping resistant breeds of livestock. By keeping Zebu cattle occurrence E.C.F is reduced.
  - Proper housing – this prevent diseases like pneumonia.
  - Foot trimming – to minimize occurrence of foot rot.
    (1 x 10 = 10mks)
2. Advantages of fences
  - Marking boundary/border.
  - Keeps off thieves/intruders.
  - Prevent damages of crops by crops.
  - Control grazing in paddocks.
  - Control breeding by separating males and females.
  - Live fences act as windbreak.
  - Fences help to control pests and diseases by controlling wild animals.
  - Add aesthetic value.
  - Live fence may provide livestock feeds or human fruit or firewood.
  - Add value to the farm.
    (1 x 10 = 10mks)