Geography Paper 1 Questions And Answers - Form 3 Term 2 Opener Exams 2021

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Geography Paper 2 Questions And Answers - Form 3 Term 2 Opener Exams 2021

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GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 1
TERM 2 OPENER EXAM

INSTRUCTIONS

This paper has two sections A and B
Answer all the questions in section A.
Answer questions 6 and any other two questions from section B.

SECTION A

1. What is the relationship between Geography and Mathematics? (2mks)
2. State four reasons why it is important to study Geography. (4mks)
1. Name the two layers of discontinuity that are part of the interior structure of the earth. (2mks)
2. State three characteristics of the outer core in the interior structure of the earth. (3mks)
1. Name two forms of precipitation that commonly occur in Kenya. (2mks)
2. What is a steveson’s Screen? (2mks)
1. Identify two causes of earth movements. (2mks)
2. The diagram below represents the relief of the ocean floor, use it to answer questions
  1. Name the features marked U, W and X. (3mks)
    X
    W
    U
  2. Give three reasons why ocean are saline. (3mks)
1. State one characteristic of Rift Valley lakes. (1mk)
2. Name one salt water lake that lies north of the equator in Kenya. (1mk)

SECTION B.
Answer questions 6 and any other two questions from this section.

Study the map of Busia 1:50,000 (sheet 101/1) provided and answer the following questions.
1. 1. What is the vertical interval of the area covered by the map? (1mk)
  2. Give the six figure grid reference of the chiefs house. (2mks)
  3. What was the magnetic variation of the area when the map was drawn? (1mk)
  4. What is the height of Odiado hill? (2mks)
2. 1. Measure the distance of the international boundary from point where it crosses Northing 41 to Northing 50 (Give your answer to the nearest 100 metres) (2mks
  2. Calculate the area enclosed by river sio, south of Northing 50, West of all weather road, loose surface ( B8/3) and East of the international boundary. (2mks)
3. 1. Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 40metres, draw a cross section along Northing 37 from Easting 24 to Easting 31. On the cross-section mark and name. (7mks)
    - All weather road, loose surface
    - River
    - Swamp
    - Hill
    - Riverine trees
  2. Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. (2mks)
  3. Determine the intervisibility of the section you have drawn. (1mk)
4. Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (5mks)
1. Define chemical weathering. (2mks)
2. Explain how crystal growth leads to weathering. (5mks)
3. Geography students in your school are planning to carry out a field study on rock weathering around your school.
  1. Apart from crystal growth, name five other mechanical weathering processes they are likely to study in the area. (5mks)
  2. State five importance of each of the following for your study.
    1. Reconnaissance (5mks)
    2. Working schedule (5mks)
  3. Which three problems are you likely to experience while collecting the data in the field? (3mks)
1. Describe how a river erodes its channel through the following processes. (6mks)
  1. Abrasion
  2. Solution
  3. Hydraulic action
2. Explain four ways through which a river transports its load. (8mks)
3. 1. State three factors that determine a river ability to transport its load. (3mks)
  2. Highlight four ways through which a gorge may be formed. (4mks)
  3. State four significance of rivers in Kenya. (4mks)
1. 1. What is an earthquake? (2mks)
  2. Using a simple diagram explain the following terms. (5mks)
    Epicenter
    Seismic focus
    Shockwaves travel outwards
2. 1. Explain four human causes of Earthquake. (8mks)
  2. Name the two types of Earthquake waves. (2mks)
3. Differentiate between:
  1. Deep focus earthquake and shallow focus Earthquake. (2mks)
  2. Richter scale and mercallic scale. (2mks)
4. List four regions of the world where earthquakes are likely to occur. (4mks)
1. 1. Distinguish between an ocean and a sea. (4mks)
  2. State three types of submerged coasts. (3mks)
  3. Explain two ways in which water moves in an ocean. (4mks)
  4. Explain four significance of oceans, coasts and coastal features. (8mks)
  5. Describe the formation of the following features due to wave erosion. (6mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. What is the relationship between Geography and Mathematics? (2mks)
  - Mathematics being a science that deals with numbers, quantity and space, it is an important instrument in handling various numerical data in geography.
  - Mathematics helps geography to simplify and interpret numerical data. Example calculation of averages, population sizes and densities.
2. State four reasons why it is important to study Geography. (4mks)
  - Study of geography encourages international awareness, interaction and cooperation for it teaches interdependence among people and geographical phenomena at local, national and international levels.
  - Able to acquire basic skills and knowledge which contribute to national development.
  - Geography is a career subject.
  - Through the study of field work, one is able to manage time properly by drawing a time schedule.
  - Helps learners to develop the skills of observing, reading, analyzing and interpretation of maps, photographs, charts, diagrams and statistical data.
1. Name the two layers of discontinuity that are part of the interior structure of the earth. (2mks)
  - mohorovicic / moho discontinuity
  - Gutenberg discontinuity
2. State three characteristics of the outer core in the interior structure of the earth. (3mks)
  - Composed of molten rock materials
  - Made up of iron and nickel
  - Has very high temperatures
1. Name two forms of precipitation that commonly occur in Kenya. (2mks)
  - Rainfall
  - Dew
2. What is a steveson’s Screen? (2mks)
  - Refers to an wooden box where some instruments are placed in a weather station.
1. Identify two causes of earth movements. (2mks)
  - Magma movement
  - Gravitational force
  - Convectional currents
  - Isostatic Adjustment
2. The diagram below represents the relief of the ocean floor, use it to answer questions.
  1. Name the features marked U, W and X. (3mks)
    X – Continental shelf
    W – Ocean deep
    U – Oceanic island /island
  2. Give three reasons why ocean is saline. (3mks)
    - Volcanic activity adds salt in the ocean.
    - Rivers bring in some salts into ocean
    - Ocean beds contain salts which dissolves in the water
1. State three characteristics of Rift Valley lakes. (3mks)
  - They are very deep
  - They are long in shape
  - They are narrow in diameter
2. Name one salt water lake that lies north of the equator in Kenya. (1mk)
  - Lake Bogoria

SECTION B.
Answer questions 6 and any other two questions from this section.

Study the map of Busia 1:50,000 (sheet 101/1) provided and answer the following questions.
1. 1. What is the vertical interval of the area covered by the map? (1mk)
    - 20 metres
  2. Give the six figure grid reference of the chiefs house. (2mks)
    - 255 - 315
  3. What was the magnetic variation of the area when the map was drawn? (1mk)
    - 2O21’
  4. What is the height of Odiado hill? (2mks
    - 1568m
2. 1. Measure the distance of the international boundary from point where it crosses Northing 41 to Northing 50 (Give your answer to the nearest 100 metres) (2mks
    - 9700 metres / 9800m /9900m
  2. Calculate the area enclosed by river sio, south of Northing 50, West of all weather road, loose surface ( B8/3) and East of the international boundary. (2mks
    - Complete square – 3
    - Incomplete square – 2
    - Total square 46
3. 1. Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 40metres, draw a cross section along Northing 37 from Easting 24 to Easting 31. On the cross-section mark and name. (7mks)
    - All weather road, loose surface
    - River
    - Swamp
    - Hill
    - Riverine trees
    - Title ½ m
    - Labeling V.A 1mk
    - Features 5mks
    - s.p & ep ½ mk
    - trend ½ mk
    - total 7mks)
  2. Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. (2mks)
    - V.E = V.S
      H.S
      = ¹/₄₀₀ X 50,000
      = 12.5 / 12 ½
  3. Determine the intervisibility of the section you have drawn. (2mks)
    - The two points are not intervisible.
4. Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (5mks
  - Main drainage features are rivers
  - There are many rivers in the are
  - Rivers are permanent
  - Main river is river sio
  - River sio flows south westwards
  - Some rivers are meandering
  - Some rivers are short / disappearing underground / vanishing
  - Some rivers originate from highlands around Samia hills.
1. Define chemical weathering. (2mks)
  - Decomposition of rocks and disintegration due to reaction between them water and air.
2. Explain how crystal growth leads to weathering. (5mks)
  - Rain falls and percolates into the ground carrying with it dissolved minerals.
  - In the dry season ground water is evaporated into the atmosphere.
  - It carries with it the dissolved minerals from the rocks.
  - Minerals accumulate the surface rock pores and cracks as water evaporates into the atmosphere.
  - The accumulating minerals cause stress in the rocks leading to rock breakup.
3. Geography students in your school are planning to carry out a field study on rock weathering around your school.
  1. Apart from crystal growth, name five other mechanical weathering processes they are likely to study in the area. (5mks)
    - Pressure release / unloading / sheetin
    - Slaking
    - Exfoliation
    - Granular disintegration
    - Block disintegration
  2. State five importance of each of the following for your study.
    1. Reconnaissance (5mks)
      - Enable them to prepare a work schedule
      - To seek permission from the authorities
      - Enable them to draw a route map
      - Identify likely problems and prepare how to solve them.
      - To familiarize with the route to follow to save time on the day to travel
      - To acquaint themselves with some residents to extract information from them.
    2. Working schedule (5mks)
      - Plan all activities such that none are forgotten.
      - Give ample time to each item to ensure thoroughness
      - Help to evaluate the work done while it is still in progress
      - Estimate cost of study
      - Estimate time required for study
  3. Which three problems are you likely to experience while collecting the data in the field? (3mks)
    - Trouble in identifying some weathering processes.
    - Fatigue due to too much working on rocky places
    - Attack from animals commonly found on rocks
1. Describe how a river erodes its channel through the following processes. (6mks)
  1. Abrasion
    - The river uses its load (gravel,boulders) as erosive tool.
    - The load is hurled by the river water against the banks and dragged along the bed thereby chipping off the rocks on the bank and bed.
  2. Solution
    - Running river may dissolve minerals found in the rocks in which they flow.
    - The material is carried down the river channel in solution form.
  3. Hydraulic action
    - The force of the moving water sweep away loose materials in the river channel or water is forced into cracks on the river banks.
    - When water is hurled against the riverbank, air in the cracks is compressed creating pressure, which widens the cracks.
    - As water retreats, pressure in the cracks is suddenly released. The compression and widening of cracks repeatedly shatter the rocks; which are then carried away by the retreating water.
2. Explain four ways through which a river transports its load. (8mks)
  - Suspension; involves transportation of light insoluble materials like mud and clay down stream floating or partially submerged.
  - Saltation/hydraulic lift; involves the transportation of large materials through a series of short jumps/hops. Material are pushed up by force of water and back by force of gravity.
  - Traction; heavy materials are pushed and rolled along the riverbed by force of moving water.
  - Solution; involves the transportation of materials already dissolved in water.
3. 1. State three factors that determine a river ability to transport its load. (3mks)
    - Volume of water
    - Gradient and velocity
    - Nature and amount of load
  2. Highlight four ways through which a gorge may be formed. (4mks)
    - River flows along a line of weakness
    - Waterfall retreats upstream
    - River flows across a plateau
    - As a result of river rejuvenation
  3. State two significance of rivers in Kenya. (2mks)
    - Provide water for domestic use industrial and irrigation purposes.
    - Provision of hydroelectric stations (HEP)
    - Features like waterfalls are site for tourist attraction.
1. 1. What is an earthquake? (2mks)
    - An earthquake is the rapid and sudden shaking of parts of the earths crust.
  2. Using a simple diagram explain the following terms. (3mks)
    - Epicenter
    - Seismic focus
    - Shockwaves travel outwards
2. 1. Explain four human causes of Earthquake. (8mks)
    - Underground nuclear tests; when nuclear bombs are detonated below the surface, they cause a lot of vibrations which are felt on the earth’s surface.
    - Construction of large reservoirs; water on dams or man made lakes exert a lot of weight on the ground. This can trigger earthquakes.
    - During quarrying; rocks are blasted using explosives in order to reduce their sizes. This cause vibrations to be felt in surrounding areas.
    - Movement of heavy trains; when they pass by, they vigorously shake the ground and these vibrations are felt as tremors nearby.
  2. Name the two types of Earthquake waves. (2mks)
    - Body waves
    - Surface waves
3. Differentiate between:
  1. Deep focus earthquake and shallow focus Earthquake. (2mks)
    - Deep focus earthquakes occurs between 300-700 km below the surface while shallow earthquakes occur at a depth of 0-7km below the surface.
  2. Richter scale and mercallic scale. (2mks)
    - Richter scale measures magnitude while mercalli scale measures the intensity of an earthquake.
  3. List four regions of the world where earthquakes are likely to occur. (4mks)
    - Mid ocean ridges
    - Ocean deeps and volcanic islands
    - Regions of crustal compressions
    - Within the Rift valley
    - In areas of volcanic activities
1. 1. Distinguish between an ocean and a sea. (2mks)
    - An ocean is an extensive mass of saline water occupying a large basin between continents while a sea is a large body of saline water on the margins of continents.
  2. State three types of submerged coasts. (3mks)
    - Ria coasts
    - Longitudinal coasts
    - Ford coast
  3. Explain two ways in which water moves in an ocean. (4mks)
    - Horizontally; water moves from ocean to other on the surface and via the ocean floor.
    - Vertically; ocean water move from the surface to the bottom.
  4. Explain four significance of oceans, coasts and coastal features. (8mks)
    - Provide water transport which is cheaper especially for bulky goods.
    - Used for sporting ground.
    - Mangrove trees that grow on coastal marshes provide timber for construction and furniture.
    - Ocean modify the climate of the coastal lands through land and sea breezes.
    - Features along the coastline, provided sceneries for tourists.
    - Oceans are rich source of salts
    - Some ocean waves are harnessed to produce tidal and wave energy.
    - Raised coral platforms have been exploited to provide limestone used in cement making.
  5. Describe the formation of the following features due to wave erosion. (6mks)
    - Wave cut platform and cliff.
    - The breaking of waves at the same point on a lowland coast may form a notch.
    - Further erosion deepens the notch to form a cliff.
    - Waves undercut the cliff face at the bottom to form a hanging cliff face which eventually collapses.
    - This force the cliff face to retreat further inland leaving behind a rock floor which is known as a wake-cut platform
    - Geo
    - As waves break in the cave, the roof of the cave may become thinner and weaker as it is slowly eroded, causing it to collapse.
    - This leaves a long and wide opening od the cave roof to form a geo.