INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
- This paper consists of THREE sections: A, B & C.
- Answer ALL the Questions in Section A, THREE Questions from Section B & TWO Questions from Section C.
SECTION A (25MKS)
Answer all questions in this section
- Give two ways in which the study of history and government in Kenya promotes national (2mks)
- Identify two economic activities which the Maasai acquired as a result of interaction in the 19th century (2mks)
- Name the dispersal point of the western Bantu (1mk)
- Identify one technological factor that facilitated the coming of Arabs (1mk)
- State one way in which freed slaves promoted the spread of Christianity in Kenya (1mk)
- Define dual citizenship (1mk)
- Identify the treaty that marked the end of the process of scramble for and partition in East Africa (1mk)
- State two reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow cash crop in colonial Kenya (2mks)
- Identify two groups that offered education in Kenya during the colonial period (2mks)
- State the significance of the Devonshire white paper to Africans (2mks)
- Give two characteristics of the early political organization formed in Kenya before 1939 (2mks)
- Name the first African to be appointed as a minister by the colonial government (1mk)
- Identify one problem which independent school faced during the colonial period (1mk)
- Identify two groups in Kenya that monitor human rights (2mks)
- State two ways in which women mobilized support for the Mau Mau fighters in Kenya (2mks)
- Give the main reason why the government of Kenya introduced the constituency development fund (CDF) (1mk)
- State the main reason for convening the 2nd Lancaster House Conference (Imk)
SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions in this section.
-
- State five economic activities of the Agikuyu during the pre-colonial period. (Smks)
- Explain five effects of the migrationand settlement of the Eastern Cushites in Kenya (10mks)
-
- State three reasons why Christian missionaries established mission stations in Kenya (3mks)
- Which factors undermined Christian missionary activities in Kenya during the 19th century (12mks)
-
- Identify the methods used by the British to occupy Kenya (3mks)
- Explain the result of the Mumias Collaboration with the British (12mks)
-
- Identify three functions of the governor during the colonial period (3mks)
- Discuss six challenges encountered by the trade unions in Kenya during the colonial period (12mks)
SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer any two questions in this section. (5mks)
-
- Identify three importance of democracy in Kenya (3mks)
- Explain six rights of an arrested person in Kenya (12mks)
-
- State the provisions of the National Accord and Reconciliation Act of 2008
- Explain the features of the independence constitution of 1962 (10mks)
-
- State three conditions that every human right must fulfill (3mks)
- Discuss six values of good citizenship in Kenya (12mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A ( 25MKS)
Answer all questions in this section
- Give two ways in which the study of history and government in Kenya promotes national unity. (2mks)
- Inspires strong feelings of one’s heritage
- Inspires a sense of belonging to a particular country
- Identify two economic activities which the Maasai acquired as a result of interaction in the 19th century (2mks)
- Iron making
- Crop cultivation
- Name the dispersal point of the western Bantu (1mk)
- Mt Elgon
- Identify one technological factor that facilitated the coming of Arabs (1mk)
- Boat making knowledge
- Knowledge of map reading
- Knowledge of reading compass points
- Knowledge of navigation
- State one way in which freed slaves promoted the spread of Christianity in Kenya (1mk)
- Used mother tongue to spread Christianity and reach out fellow Africans
- Define dual citizenship (1mk)
- A citizen that have citizenship of two countries at the same time
- Identify the treaty that marked the end of the process of scrumble for and pertition in East Africa (1mk)
- Heligoland treaty/ 2nd Anglo-human agreement (1890)
- State two reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow cash crop in colonial Kenya (2mks)
- African grown cash crops would be prone to diseases
- African labour would not available for European farms
- Africans would bring unnecessary corruption
- Africans lacked knowledge on cash crop cultivation
- Identify two groups that offered education in Kenya during the colonial period (2mks)
- Christian marriages
- Colonial government
- Africans
- Asians
- State the significance of the Devonshire white paper to Africans (2mks)
- It denied the Asians the right to settle in the highlands
- It intensified the rivalry between Indians and the settlers
- It led to appointment of John Arthur to represent African interest in the legislative council
- Give two characteristics of the early political organization formed in Kenya before 1939 (2mks)
- Ethnic based
- Had similar grievances
- Non violent
- Led by mission educated young men
- Name the first African to be appointed as a minister by the colonial government (1mk)
- Beneiah Apollo Ohanga
- Identify one problem which independent school faced during the colonial period (1mk)
- Harassment from the missionaries and the colonial government
- Lack of trained personnel to run the schools
- Inadequate funds
- Many leadership wrangles
- Competition from mission schools
- Identify two groups in Kenya that monitor human rights (2mks)
- Law enforcement officer (police)
- Professionals such as teachers, lawyers and judges
- Trade unions
- Journalists
- Religious organizations
- Kenya National Human Rights and Equity Commission
- State two ways in which women mobilized support for the Mau Mau fighters in Kenya (2mks)
- Ridiculed men who were resistant to join the movement
- Composed songs
- Ridiculed home guards and other colonial agents
- Give the main reason why the government of Kenya introduced the constituency development fund (CDF) (1mk)
- To speed up development/ uplift the living standards of the people
- State the main reason for convening the 2nd Lancaster House Conference (1mk)
- To draft the independence constitution
SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions in this section.
-
- State five economic activities of the Agikuyu during the pre-colonial period. (5mks)
- Crop cultivation
- Practiced iron working
- Hunting and gathering
- Livestock keeping e.g cattle, sheep and goat
- Involved in trading activities
- Involved in craftsmanship e.g pottery, basketry
- Explain five effects of the migrationand settlement of the Eastern Cushites in kenya (10mks)
- Increased warfare for the control of limited resources e.g between Oromo and the Bantu
- Displacement of some countries who had settled in the region e.g Bantu from Shungwaya
- Increased cultural interaction with neighboring communities e.g word borrowing with the Bantu
- Intermarriage with neighboringcommunitiese.g the samburu and the bantu
- Formation of new military alliances in the region e.g the rendile and the samburuagainst the turkana
- Redistribution of the population in the region where they settled
- Assimilation and adoption of some communities who had settled in the region earlier e.g the bantu
- State five economic activities of the Agikuyu during the pre-colonial period. (5mks)
-
- State three reasons why Christian missionaries established mission stations in Kenya (3mks)
- Serve as centers for converting Africans
- Training for the catechist
- Centre for the spread of the Western European culture
- Served as a centre for settlement of freed slaves
- Centre where Africaans were taught basic literacy
- Which factors undermined Christian missionary activities in kenya during the 19thcentury (12mks)
- Tropical diseases such as malaria claimed the lives of many missionaries
- Islam posed stiff competition at the coast
- Missionaries faced resistance from African countries e.g the Akamba
- Poor transport hindered missionary work
- Missionaries lacked a common language of communication with the Africans
- Rivalry between different missionary groups created misunderstanding among Africans e.g
- Inadequate funds hindering the activities of the missionaries
- They faced hostility from the slave raiders and traders who benefited from the slave trade
- Inadequate personnel compared to the vast population of the East African coast and the interior
- Missionaries are deserted by their men e.gDavid Livingstone
- State three reasons why Christian missionaries established mission stations in Kenya (3mks)
-
- Identify the methods used by the British to occupy Kenya (3mks)
- Signing of treaties
- Collaboration
- Establishing operational bases
- Military expedition
- Explain the result of the Mumias Collaboration with the British . (12mks)
- Nabongo was made paramount chief this consolidated his power in the whole Western Keny
- Mumias worriers were used by the British to perpetrate British rule by subdividing Luo Bantus in Nandi
- Mumias became the centers of colonial administration in Western Kenya up to 1920
- Mumias bought material benefits through the trade e.g he acquired firearms
- Some of Nabongo’s chiefs were used as by the British to rule over Western Kenya
- Mumia was able to expanded his kingdom with British support
- Wanga lost their independence after the British declared Kenya this colony in 1920
- Mumia and his people benefited from the Western education and religion.
- Identify the methods used by the British to occupy Kenya (3mks)
-
- Identify three functions of the governor during the colonial period (3mks)
- Head of the colony
- Head of executive council
- Asserted to laws from the legislative council
- Reported to the colonial secretary
- Discuss six challenges encountered by the trade unions in kenya during the colonial period (12mks)
- Harassment from both the white settlers and the colonial government
- Migrant labour system inhibited most Africans to join trade unions
- Ignorance among the African settlers on the importance of trade unions
- Shortage of funds undermined effective running of most unions
- Leadership wrangles which prevented efficient operation of the unions
- Strong ethnic influence in choosing the trade union leaders rather than competence
- Identify three functions of the governor during the colonial period (3mks)
SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer any two questions in this section.
-
- Identify three importance of democracy in kenya (3mks)
- It fosters unity and equality among all people
- Balances the liberty of the individual with the power of the state
- It has moral and educative value
- It promote peace and stability in the country
- It promotes patriotism and nationalism among the citizens
- The interests of the citizen is paramount
- Explain six rights of an arrested person in kenya (12mks)
- To be informed promptly in a language that person understands of the reason for the arrest
- To remain silent
- To communicate with an advocate and other persons whose assistance is necessary
- Not to be competed to make any confession that could be used in evidence against the person
- To be held separately from pensions who are serving a sentence
- To be brought before a court not later than 24hrs after being arrested
- To be charged or to be informed of the reason for the extension of the detention or release
- To be released on bond or bail pending a charge or trial
- Identify three importance of democracy in kenya (3mks)
-
- State the provisions of the National Accord and Reconciliation Act of 2008 (5mks)
- A grand coalition government would be established
- Executive authority would be divided between PNU and ODM
- Mwai Kibaki was to retain the presidency while Raila Odinga would occupy the office of the prime minister
- Two deputy prime minister positions would be created
- Divisions of an expanded list of cabinet post based on proportional representation in parliament
- Explain the features of the independence constitution of 1962 (10mks)
- A federal government was adopted with six regions
- The national assembly was bicameral consisting of the senate and the house of the representatives
- It defined citizenship status of all people in the country
- It created the post of the prime minister to head the government
- It created the post of the governor representing the queen of England as the head of state
- It safeguarded the interest of the minority groups like the Europeans and Asians
- A bill of rights spelling out the fundamental rights and freedoms of all citizens
- It led to formation of an independent electro commission that would ensure impartiality and honesty during election
- It provided for an independent and imperialjudiciary to ensure justice is done
- State the provisions of the National Accord and Reconciliation Act of 2008 (5mks)
-
- State three conditions that every human right must fulfill (3mks)
- A condition of life
- A social character
- Equally enjoyed by all members of the society
- Discuss six values of good citizenship in kenya (12mks)
- patriotism through placing the interest of the country above own selfish interest
- participation in activities that foster national unity like trade and agriculture
- participation in democratic processes by offering one self to contest elections or voting
- maintenance and protection of human dignity
- non discrimination on basis of race gender and ethnicity
- respect for social justice e.g protesting against grabbing of public land
- respect for equality of all citizens
- respect for human rights
- support for good governance e.g by paying taxes
- maintaining high level of integrity by detesting from corrupt practices
- supporting the government by taking part in projects that ensure sustainable development
- State three conditions that every human right must fulfill (3mks)
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